The Mullaperiyar Dam was built in 1886 on the Periyar River located in Kerala but is operated by Tamil Nadu. There is an ongoing dispute between the two states over the safe water level in the dam, with Kerala arguing it is unsafe above 136 feet due to seismic activity, while Tamil Nadu wants to increase it to meet irrigation needs. Protests have erupted in both states over this unresolved issue that involves the dam's safety, water rights, and historical agreements between the states.
La norma ISO 9001:2000 establece los requisitos mínimos que debe cumplir un sistema de gestión de calidad para ser certificado. Las organizaciones que deseen certificar su sistema de gestión de calidad deben documentarlo y implementarlo de acuerdo con los lineamientos de la norma. La norma enfatiza la satisfacción de los clientes y el establecimiento de objetivos de mejora continua para fortalecer el ciclo de gestión de calidad de los productos y servicios de una organización.
This document provides an overview of key accounting concepts and books of accounts used in recording financial transactions, including:
1. It discusses various books of original entry like purchases day book, sales day book, returns inward book, returns outward book, and general journal. Examples are provided for each.
2. Ledger accounts and different types of ledgers like standard general ledger and running balance ledger are explained.
3. Control accounts for debtors, creditors, and trial balance are summarized.
4. Common errors in trial balance and rectification through suspense account are covered at a high level.
5. The role of the cash book in recording cash receipts and payments is stated briefly.
The Mullaperiyar Dam was constructed in 1895 across the Periyar River to provide water for Tamil Nadu. It is located in Idukki District, Kerala and is over 115 years old. There is an ongoing dispute between Kerala and Tamil Nadu over the safe water level in the dam due to its age and safety concerns. Kerala is concerned about the risks of catastrophic failure that could endanger lives downstream, while Tamil Nadu relies on water from the dam and wants to maintain water levels. The Supreme Court is involved in resolving the issue.
The Kaveri River water dispute is a long-standing conflict between the Indian states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu over sharing of water from the Kaveri River. The river originates in Karnataka and flows through both states. Geographical factors and historical agreements from the British colonial period have contributed to disagreement over water rights. Both states rely on the river for irrigation and drinking water, making the issue an emotional one. Repeated attempts at negotiation and Supreme Court rulings have failed to resolve the dispute permanently. An equitable solution that satisfies both states and considers current and future needs remains elusive.
EDEN IAS - WEEKLY CURRENT ROUND-UP 17 June 2018EDEN IAS
Cauvery, also known as Dakshin Ganga (The Ganges of the South), has been the economic life-line of the states through
which it flows. If you look at the map of India, you will notice that the river cuts across two Indian states, Karnataka and
Tamil Nadu. It originates at Talacauvery in Kodagu district in Karnataka. While it flows mainly through Karnataka and Tamil
Nadu, a lot of its basin area is covered by Kerala and the Karaikal area of Puducherry. Hence Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala
and Puducherry all have rightful claims over the river. However the socio-economic impact of the river is most resounding
in the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, where the river is treated as Mother Goddess and is entwined with the identity
of the people.
ISSUES AND DISPUTES OF HYDRO POWER PROJECTS
EMPHASIZES ON ALMATTI DAM SITUATED IN NORTHERN PART OF KARNATAKA. AN IRRIGATION DAM SERVES WATER TO KARNATAKA AND ANDHRA PRADESH AND TELANGANA.
The Mullaperiyar Dam is located on the Periyar River at the border of the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Built between 1887-1895 by the British, it diverts water eastward from Kerala to Tamil Nadu. While mostly located in Kerala, it is operated and maintained by Tamil Nadu based on a disputed 1886 lease agreement. There has long been disagreement between the two states over safety, control and validity of the agreement regarding the dam.
The Krishna River water dispute involves the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. The Krishna River Basin Project constructed several dams and barrages to distribute the river's water for irrigation and power generation. The states have disputed water sharing since colonial times. The Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal was formed in 1969 and allocated water shares in 1973. A second tribunal in 2010 reallocated shares through 2050 amid continued disputes over dam heights and allocations, particularly between Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Tensions over water management and clashes between state police forces along their border remain an ongoing issue.
La norma ISO 9001:2000 establece los requisitos mínimos que debe cumplir un sistema de gestión de calidad para ser certificado. Las organizaciones que deseen certificar su sistema de gestión de calidad deben documentarlo y implementarlo de acuerdo con los lineamientos de la norma. La norma enfatiza la satisfacción de los clientes y el establecimiento de objetivos de mejora continua para fortalecer el ciclo de gestión de calidad de los productos y servicios de una organización.
This document provides an overview of key accounting concepts and books of accounts used in recording financial transactions, including:
1. It discusses various books of original entry like purchases day book, sales day book, returns inward book, returns outward book, and general journal. Examples are provided for each.
2. Ledger accounts and different types of ledgers like standard general ledger and running balance ledger are explained.
3. Control accounts for debtors, creditors, and trial balance are summarized.
4. Common errors in trial balance and rectification through suspense account are covered at a high level.
5. The role of the cash book in recording cash receipts and payments is stated briefly.
The Mullaperiyar Dam was constructed in 1895 across the Periyar River to provide water for Tamil Nadu. It is located in Idukki District, Kerala and is over 115 years old. There is an ongoing dispute between Kerala and Tamil Nadu over the safe water level in the dam due to its age and safety concerns. Kerala is concerned about the risks of catastrophic failure that could endanger lives downstream, while Tamil Nadu relies on water from the dam and wants to maintain water levels. The Supreme Court is involved in resolving the issue.
The Kaveri River water dispute is a long-standing conflict between the Indian states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu over sharing of water from the Kaveri River. The river originates in Karnataka and flows through both states. Geographical factors and historical agreements from the British colonial period have contributed to disagreement over water rights. Both states rely on the river for irrigation and drinking water, making the issue an emotional one. Repeated attempts at negotiation and Supreme Court rulings have failed to resolve the dispute permanently. An equitable solution that satisfies both states and considers current and future needs remains elusive.
EDEN IAS - WEEKLY CURRENT ROUND-UP 17 June 2018EDEN IAS
Cauvery, also known as Dakshin Ganga (The Ganges of the South), has been the economic life-line of the states through
which it flows. If you look at the map of India, you will notice that the river cuts across two Indian states, Karnataka and
Tamil Nadu. It originates at Talacauvery in Kodagu district in Karnataka. While it flows mainly through Karnataka and Tamil
Nadu, a lot of its basin area is covered by Kerala and the Karaikal area of Puducherry. Hence Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala
and Puducherry all have rightful claims over the river. However the socio-economic impact of the river is most resounding
in the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, where the river is treated as Mother Goddess and is entwined with the identity
of the people.
ISSUES AND DISPUTES OF HYDRO POWER PROJECTS
EMPHASIZES ON ALMATTI DAM SITUATED IN NORTHERN PART OF KARNATAKA. AN IRRIGATION DAM SERVES WATER TO KARNATAKA AND ANDHRA PRADESH AND TELANGANA.
The Mullaperiyar Dam is located on the Periyar River at the border of the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Built between 1887-1895 by the British, it diverts water eastward from Kerala to Tamil Nadu. While mostly located in Kerala, it is operated and maintained by Tamil Nadu based on a disputed 1886 lease agreement. There has long been disagreement between the two states over safety, control and validity of the agreement regarding the dam.
The Krishna River water dispute involves the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. The Krishna River Basin Project constructed several dams and barrages to distribute the river's water for irrigation and power generation. The states have disputed water sharing since colonial times. The Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal was formed in 1969 and allocated water shares in 1973. A second tribunal in 2010 reallocated shares through 2050 amid continued disputes over dam heights and allocations, particularly between Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Tensions over water management and clashes between state police forces along their border remain an ongoing issue.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
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Mullaperiyar dam controversy
1. Mullaperiyar dam controversy
The Mullaperiyar Dam or Mullaiperiyar Dam is a masonry gravity dam on the Periyar River in
the Indian state of Kerala. It has a height of 53.6 m (176 ft) from the foundation, and a length of
365.7 m (1,200 ft). The Periyar National Park in Thekkady is located around the dam's reservoir.
The dam is located in Kerala on the river Periyar, but is operated and maintained by Tamil
Nadu state.
A number of developments following independence have fuelled the ongoing debate between the
Kerala and Tamil Nadu government on the dam reservoir level. There was a drastic increase in
population on the downstream of the Idukki River in Kerala followed by microclimatic changes
and a decline in the rainfall, which led to decline in the water levels in the Idukki dam. Power
generation fell and the diversion to the Mullaperiyar dam was blamed for this decline. Kerala
thus argued for reduction in water levels in the dam. The then chief minister of Tamil Nadu
agreed to this and when the water level in the dam was brought down in 1980, around 8,000
hectares of Tamil Nadu's rain shadow districts suffered.
Tamil Nadu, in recent years, has made demands that the storage capacity of the dam be
increased from 136 feet (41.5 m) to 142 feet (43 m) to meet the rising demand of water needed
for irrigation. However, Kerala has been arguing since 1970 that the existing structure has
outlived its safety and longevity and that there is a need to construct a new structure and that it is
unsafe to maintain water at the full capacity.
The current deadlock between the two states over the dam is essentially not a dispute for water,
but has its roots in the colonial times, and has to do with the need to come to terms with the
agreements and decisions made in those times with changing economic, political and
environmental contexts and concerns about the safety of the dam in Kerala versus the irrigation
needs of the farmers in the state of Tamil Nadu.
Timeline:
1886: The British (Madras presidency) built Mullaperiyar dam with a lease agreement
with Kingdom of Travancore for 999 years.
1970: Governments of Kerala and Tamil Nadu ratified this agreement.
Mid-70s: Kerala became worried about leakage from the dam and wanted Tamil Nadu to
repair it. Kerala govt. communicated with union.
2. Union government directed Tamil Nadu state government to
Repair this dam.
Keep water level in the dam at 145 feet.
Now, Union believed there is no longer any danger to the structure.
2006: SC allowed Tamil Nadu to raise water height to 142 feet after strengthening the
dam. (Total height of the dam is 176 feet).
But Kerala passed a law the Kerala Irrigation and Water Conservation (Amendment) Act,
2006, to prevent the neighboring State (Tamil Nadu) from raising the water level beyond
136 feet.
Tamil Nadu challenged Kerala’s dam height law in Supreme Court.
May 2014: Supreme Court Order
Kerala dam Law of 2006 is unconstitutional and void.
Permitted Tamil Nadu to increase water level up to 142 feet. (present ~136ft)
June 2014: Union government decided to setup a Committee to supervise this water
rising. Kerala assembly requested President of India to refer the matter to the Supreme
Court under Article 143
The debate in its present form raises a number of dilemmas that complicate the matter even
further. For example, raising the level of water in the dam can pose a serious danger to the lives
of the people living downstream. At the same time, experts believe that the construction of a new
dam besides creating a heavy financial burden would pose as a threat to the Periyar Tiger
Reserve causing tremendous environmental damage and would be subject to the same problem
of seismicity. At the same time, the irrigation needs of the farmers in Tamil Nadu are equally
important and relevant.
Meanwhile major protests erupted in both states, which turned violent in many parts. Trade of
vegetables, milk, etc. between both states suffered and the ordinary people faced increased prices
of commodities for a period.
3. Conflict Issues:
The NegotiationConcepts usedin this situation:
1. BATNA (Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement):
a. Kerala- New dam be constructed
b. Tamil Nadu - No BATNA
2. Position v/s Interests:
This particular situation is where position matters to both the parties. They are not trying to
understand the other party’s interests. Kerala is concerned of the life of people near the dam
while Tamil Nadu is concerned of its own irrigation problem only. Mutual adjustment has to
be made.
3. Conflict Management:
a. It is a substantive conflict.
b. Both the parties have focused on their own concerns only.
4. c. The conflict resolution style used is adjudication (Conflict is resolved using the
judicial system).
4. Integrative v/s Distributive Negotiation:
This situation is an example of Distributive Negotiation wherein each of the party wants to
win. Kerala wants to win over the case as the dam is constructed on their land & given to
Tamil Nadu only for lease. They want this agreement to be invalid whereas Tamil Nadu
considers that the dam is in its full control.
The negotiation has to be turned into an integrative one.
5. Creating value v/s claiming value:
Each of the parties is trying to claim the value. The creation of value is not done. Options are
not being generated; however Kerala has proposed to construct a new dam. The parties
should first try to create value (options) and then claim the value.
6. Power: Power is always relative. Kerala seems more powerful as it has stronger BATNA and
also because of the “Dam Safety Act”. Tamil Nadu can also be perceived as powerful as the
Supreme Court has ordered in their favor to increase the height of the dam and the apex body
in its favor can also make Tamil Nadu powerful.
7. Emotions: Emotions play an important role in this situation. Kerala on one hand is
concerned about its people’s safety near the dam as well as the property (also National Park
is located near the dam), Tamil Nadu is concerned over its irrigation needs without which
there would be crop failure and ultimately threat to life. It is an emotional issue for both the
parties.
8. Trust: In any negotiation, trust is an important issue. The trust paves the path to negotiation
in a way. In this situation, both the parties have to trust each other to reach to a settlement
keeping in mind each other’s’ interests.
Suggestions
The best solution could be to construct a new dam, with adequate protection
against any earthquakes, while retaining the right of Tamil Nadu to get
continuous supply of water – in other words, Water for Tamil Nadu and Safety
for Kerala. The ownership of the new dam would vest with Kerala as it is funding
5. the dam entirely from its pocket. However, the operation of the reservoir shall be
by a joint committee of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Analysis of the construction of a new dam
Gain: (Tamil Nadu):
Gain: (Tamil Nadu)
Gain 1: 30 Lakhs people of Tamil Nadu will get the same amount of water as they are
getting as of today as assured by Kerala Government and so the CERTAINITY of water
is GURANTEED.
Gain 2: Tamil Nadu can use the channel water for power generation as they are doing
right now( Periyar Power Station , Tamil Nadu).
Gain 3: Dam SAFETY is GURANTEED and so the water guarantee- as "Baby's(Dam’s)
health will always be a worry for baby's Mother(Kerala), not for the neighbour(Tamil
Nadu)".
Loss: (Kerala):
Loss: (Kerala)
Small Loss: By building the new dam, Kerala has to finance the new dam but will not be
using the DAM for Kerala.
Big Loss: Kerala politicians will loose this opportunity (if NO SOLUTION) to blame the
ruling government.
Big Loss: Kerala politicians will loose the opportunity to unite people under their flag (by
injecting hatred on Tamilians) and to emerge them as the leader of that united people
(by RISKING the innocents peoples LIFE/LIVELYHOOD)
Gain: (Kerala):
Gain: (Kerala) Gain 1: 35 Lakhs people of Kerala will be SAFE for sure and NO
WORRY of dam bomb explosion.
Gain 2: Keralites can use the spill over water for power generation. (If they are thinking
of this provision)
Gain 3: Kerala will get the control of new Dam so they can ensure safety to the new
Dam.
Loss: (Tamil Nadu):
Small Loss: Tamil Nadu will loose control of new Dam.
Big Loss: Tamil Nadu politicians will loose this opportunity (if NO SOLUTION) to blame
the ruling government.
Big Loss: Tamil Nadu politicians will loose the opportunity to unite people under their
flag (by injecting hatred on Keralites) and to emerge them as the leader of that united
people (by RISKING that innocents peoples LIFE/LIVELYHOOD)
POST MORTEM OF LOSSES: :
Small Loss: TN will loose control of new Dam. This is a smaller loss because already
the old/new dam is KERALA’s property and so it is not a real loss.
6. Small Loss: By building the new dam, Kerala has to finance the new dam but will not be
using the DAM for Kerala. This is a smaller loss because already Kerala Government
allotted the money for the safety of the people.
REAL LOSS will be to OPPOSITION PARTIES of both the states or for the
POLITICIANS WHO ARE NOW FISHING IN THIS MUDDY WATER
In short if there is NO SOLUTION, then REAL LOSS is FOR PEOPLE OF BOTH
STATES and REAL GAIN is FOR CORRUPT POLITICIANS IN BOTH STATE
The other solution could be Tamil Nadu government should repair the dam in the
surveillance of Union government, after that giving that report to Centre. TN state
govt should also give a written assurance that whatever damage and destruction
would occur in future, due to increasing the dam height, would be compensated
by them.
Adequate quantity of water could be diverted to Tamil Nadu for agricultural
purposes.
Scientific solution:
1. As requested by Kerala people the water level in the lake can be
maintained at FRL +120ft. The amount of water supply demanded by
Tamilnadu from Periyar lake from FRL +136ft can be supplied even by
keeping FRL at +120ft by lifting the water or by filling the lake whenever
the water levels get depleted and this shortage can be made up by cloud
seeding operations. Cloud seeding operations are conducted by 50
countries in the world for more than 40 years and as confirmed by China
which uses 37,000 people every year for cloud seeding operations to get
about 1800 TMC of water at a cost benefit ratio of 1:28 for both irrigation
and hydro-power generation. If Chief Ministers of Kerala and Tamilnadu
make immediate visits to China, Tasmania, New South whales, Texas,
Honduras and California along with their experts they can prepare cloud
seeding operation reports and implement them to augment annual rainfall
by 40% in Periyar lake which has an annual rainfall of about 1000mm and
the rains occur almost in the 4 out of 5 days in a year with annual flodds of
1 to 11 TMC per day. Kerala can fill up Idduki reservoir by this method as
followed by Tasmania for the last three decades with a cost benefit ratio of
1:20.
2. In order to avoid any earthquake risk to the dam the Kerala state must
conduct air borne magneto meter surveys and try to identify any emerging
hidden faults that can trigger large earthquakes that produce high peak
ground accelerations of more than 6 magnitude as conducted by the US
7. geological survey for protecting the townships of Portland Vancouver in
USA
3. Since Kerala people do not know when a large earthquake may occur to
make the Periyar dam burst they have to always live in tension even
during sleep in the nights similarly they do not know when a cloud burst
can occur to provide 1m depth of rainfall in a day as had happened
recently in Mumbai. They have to be constantly vigilant to monitor when
such clouds cluster during cyclones and other cloud burst seasons and to
prevent such massive clouds raining over Periyar lake catchment. They
should adopt cloud seeding technology to stop unwanted rainfall in Periyar
catchment as implemented by China during the opening and closing
functions organized for the Olympic games of 2008. For this purpose they
must take the advice of cloud seeding experts from foreign countries or
those who worked for 5 years for the AP State Government cloud seeding
programmes during 2004 to 2010.
SOURCES:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullaperiyar_Dam#Interstate_dispute
http://mrunal.org/2014/05/judgement-mullaperiyar-dam-controversy-kerala-tamilnadu-
supreme-court.html
http://blog.ipleaders.in/everything-want-know-mullaperiyar-dam-dispute/
http://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/mullaperiyar-dam-debate-issue-safety-versus-
rights