This document provides information on various non-traditional machining processes. It discusses abrasive jet machining (AJM), laser beam machining (LBM), and electrical discharge machining (EDM). AJM involves using a high-speed stream of abrasive particles to erode material from the workpiece. LBM utilizes a high-energy laser beam to melt and vaporize workpiece material. EDM involves sparking between an electrode tool and workpiece submerged in a dielectric liquid to thermally erode away material. The document outlines the basic mechanisms, applications, advantages, and limitations of these non-traditional machining methods.
This document provides information on various non-traditional machining processes. It discusses abrasive jet machining (AJM), laser beam machining (LBM), and electrical discharge machining (EDM). AJM involves using a high-speed stream of abrasive particles to erode material from the workpiece. LBM utilizes a high-energy laser beam to melt and vaporize workpiece material. EDM involves sparking between an electrode tool and workpiece submerged in a dielectric liquid to thermally erode away material.
The document discusses various non-traditional machining processes including abrasive jet machining (AJM), laser beam machining (LBM), electro-discharge machining (EDM), and ultrasonic machining (USM). It provides definitions, schematic diagrams, working principles, applications, advantages, and limitations for each process. Key points covered include how material is removed through abrasion, melting/vaporization, electrolysis, or brittle fracture under ultrasonic vibration in combination with abrasives.
This document provides an overview of various unconventional machining processes including abrasive jet machining (AJM), laser beam machining (LBM), electro-discharge machining (EDM), and ultrasonic machining (USM). It defines each process, explains their working principles, typical parameters used, applications, advantages, and limitations. AJM uses a high-speed stream of abrasive particles to erode material from the workpiece. LBM utilizes a high-power laser beam to melt and vaporize workpiece material. EDM involves sparking between an electrode tool and workpiece submerged in a dielectric liquid to thermally erode material. USM vibrates an abrasive tool at ultrasonic frequencies
This document provides an overview of unconventional machining processes. It begins by outlining the presentation topics which include abrasive jet machining (AJM), laser beam machining (LBM), electro discharge machining (EDM), ultrasonic machining (USM), and electron beam machining (EBM). It then discusses the classification of machining processes and needs for non-traditional machining when machining very hard materials, complex shapes, or small intricate features. The document provides details on the working principles, applications, advantages and disadvantages of AJM, LBM, and EDM.
The document discusses various unconventional machining processes including abrasive jet machining (AJM), laser beam machining (LBM), electro discharge machining (EDM), and ultrasonic machining (USM). It provides definitions, schematics, working principles, applications, advantages, and limitations for each process. AJM uses abrasive particles carried by gas to erode material, LBM uses a focused laser beam to melt and vaporize material, EDM uses electrical sparks to melt material, and USM uses a vibrating tool and abrasive slurry to machine hard and brittle materials. The document was presented on unconventional machining processes with the goal of explaining these important non-traditional manufacturing techniques
The document discusses non-conventional machining processes. It begins by distinguishing between conventional machining processes, which use hard cutting tools to remove material, and non-conventional processes, which use other energies like mechanical, thermal, electrical, or chemical. Non-conventional processes are then classified based on the type of energy used, including mechanical, electrochemical, electro-thermal, and chemical processes. Examples of specific non-conventional machining techniques are provided within each classification.
The document discusses various unconventional machining processes. It begins with introducing that unconventional machining uses indirect energy like sparks, heat or chemicals rather than direct contact between a tool and workpiece. It then covers different unconventional processes like EDM, laser beam machining, electrochemical machining and their characteristics. The document categorizes unconventional machining processes and provides details on processes like chemical machining, electrochemical grinding and ultrasonic machining. It concludes with discussing advantages and disadvantages of non-conventional machining.
This document provides an overview of unconventional machining processes. It begins by defining conventional machining and its limitations in machining complex geometries and hard materials. Unconventional machining uses indirect energy sources like sparks, heat, or chemicals instead of direct tool contact. The document then discusses various unconventional processes like EDM, laser beam machining, water jet machining, and their characteristics. It classifies unconventional processes and provides details on electrochemical machining, electrochemical grinding, and ultrasonic machining. In closing, it acknowledges the development of these nontraditional techniques for precision manufacturing applications.
This document provides information on various non-traditional machining processes. It discusses abrasive jet machining (AJM), laser beam machining (LBM), and electrical discharge machining (EDM). AJM involves using a high-speed stream of abrasive particles to erode material from the workpiece. LBM utilizes a high-energy laser beam to melt and vaporize workpiece material. EDM involves sparking between an electrode tool and workpiece submerged in a dielectric liquid to thermally erode away material.
The document discusses various non-traditional machining processes including abrasive jet machining (AJM), laser beam machining (LBM), electro-discharge machining (EDM), and ultrasonic machining (USM). It provides definitions, schematic diagrams, working principles, applications, advantages, and limitations for each process. Key points covered include how material is removed through abrasion, melting/vaporization, electrolysis, or brittle fracture under ultrasonic vibration in combination with abrasives.
This document provides an overview of various unconventional machining processes including abrasive jet machining (AJM), laser beam machining (LBM), electro-discharge machining (EDM), and ultrasonic machining (USM). It defines each process, explains their working principles, typical parameters used, applications, advantages, and limitations. AJM uses a high-speed stream of abrasive particles to erode material from the workpiece. LBM utilizes a high-power laser beam to melt and vaporize workpiece material. EDM involves sparking between an electrode tool and workpiece submerged in a dielectric liquid to thermally erode material. USM vibrates an abrasive tool at ultrasonic frequencies
This document provides an overview of unconventional machining processes. It begins by outlining the presentation topics which include abrasive jet machining (AJM), laser beam machining (LBM), electro discharge machining (EDM), ultrasonic machining (USM), and electron beam machining (EBM). It then discusses the classification of machining processes and needs for non-traditional machining when machining very hard materials, complex shapes, or small intricate features. The document provides details on the working principles, applications, advantages and disadvantages of AJM, LBM, and EDM.
The document discusses various unconventional machining processes including abrasive jet machining (AJM), laser beam machining (LBM), electro discharge machining (EDM), and ultrasonic machining (USM). It provides definitions, schematics, working principles, applications, advantages, and limitations for each process. AJM uses abrasive particles carried by gas to erode material, LBM uses a focused laser beam to melt and vaporize material, EDM uses electrical sparks to melt material, and USM uses a vibrating tool and abrasive slurry to machine hard and brittle materials. The document was presented on unconventional machining processes with the goal of explaining these important non-traditional manufacturing techniques
The document discusses non-conventional machining processes. It begins by distinguishing between conventional machining processes, which use hard cutting tools to remove material, and non-conventional processes, which use other energies like mechanical, thermal, electrical, or chemical. Non-conventional processes are then classified based on the type of energy used, including mechanical, electrochemical, electro-thermal, and chemical processes. Examples of specific non-conventional machining techniques are provided within each classification.
The document discusses various unconventional machining processes. It begins with introducing that unconventional machining uses indirect energy like sparks, heat or chemicals rather than direct contact between a tool and workpiece. It then covers different unconventional processes like EDM, laser beam machining, electrochemical machining and their characteristics. The document categorizes unconventional machining processes and provides details on processes like chemical machining, electrochemical grinding and ultrasonic machining. It concludes with discussing advantages and disadvantages of non-conventional machining.
This document provides an overview of unconventional machining processes. It begins by defining conventional machining and its limitations in machining complex geometries and hard materials. Unconventional machining uses indirect energy sources like sparks, heat, or chemicals instead of direct tool contact. The document then discusses various unconventional processes like EDM, laser beam machining, water jet machining, and their characteristics. It classifies unconventional processes and provides details on electrochemical machining, electrochemical grinding, and ultrasonic machining. In closing, it acknowledges the development of these nontraditional techniques for precision manufacturing applications.
The document discusses electrochemical machining (ECM). ECM is an unconventional machining process where material is removed from a workpiece made of an electrically conductive material via an electrochemical reaction. In ECM, the workpiece acts as an anode in an electrolyte solution, and a tool acts as a cathode. A direct current is passed between them, causing metal ions from the workpiece to dissolve into the electrolyte solution. ECM can machine complex shapes with high accuracy and no tool wear. It has the highest material removal rate of any unconventional machining process but requires expensive equipment and a conductive workpiece material.
NTMM for GATE IES PSUs 2023 by S K Mondal.pdfRamMishra65
1. Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a non-traditional machining process that involves removing metal by anodic dissolution using a high-amperage electrical current passed through an electrolyte.
2. In ECM, the workpiece acts as an anode and is placed close to a cathode tool, with an electrolyte flowing between them. Metal dissolves from the workpiece and is carried away by the electrolyte.
3. ECM can machine very hard metals and produce complex shapes with a high material removal rate and excellent surface finish without thermal or mechanical damage. However, it requires expensive equipment and the electrolyte is corrosive.
This document provides an introduction to electrical discharge machining (EDM). EDM is an unconventional machining process where material is removed by electric sparks between an electrode tool and conductive workpiece, with no direct contact between them. Key aspects of EDM covered include the construction of EDM machines, the role of dielectric fluids, factors that affect the material removal rate such as capacitance and spark parameters, and electrode tool materials and wear characteristics. Graphite, copper, and copper-tungsten are commonly used as tool materials in EDM due to properties like machinability and erosion resistance.
This document discusses nontraditional manufacturing processes. It provides an overview of ultrasonic machining (USM), describing the process, material removal mechanism, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. It also summarizes waterjet machining (WJM) and abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM), explaining the principles, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of these processes. Finally, it briefly introduces abrasive jet machining (AJM), describing the basic process and its uses.
This document discusses nontraditional manufacturing processes. It provides an overview of ultrasonic machining (USM), describing the process, material removal mechanism, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. It also summarizes waterjet machining (WJM) and abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM), explaining the principles, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of these processes. Finally, it briefly introduces abrasive jet machining (AJM), describing the basic process and its uses.
The document discusses various advanced manufacturing processes that use thermal energy or electrical discharges to remove material from a workpiece. It focuses on electrical discharge machining (EDM) and wire EDM. EDM works by sparking electrical discharges between an electrode and workpiece submerged in dielectric fluid to erode away material. Key advantages of EDM are its ability to machine hard metals and create complex shapes. The document also covers laser beam machining which uses a focused laser beam to melt, vaporize, or ablate material from the workpiece.
This document discusses various nontraditional machining and thermal cutting processes. It begins by defining these processes as those that remove material using mechanical, thermal, electrical, or chemical energy without a conventional cutting tool. These alternative processes are important for machining new metals and non-metals, producing complex geometries, and avoiding surface damage from traditional methods. The document then groups and describes various nontraditional processes including mechanical (ultrasonic machining, water jet cutting), electrochemical (electrochemical machining), thermal (electric discharge machining, laser beam machining), and chemical (chemical milling) processes.
This document discusses various nontraditional machining and thermal cutting processes. It begins by defining these processes as those that remove material using mechanical, thermal, electrical, or chemical energy without a conventional cutting tool. These alternative processes are important for machining new metals and non-metals, producing complex geometries, and avoiding surface damage from traditional methods. The document then groups and describes various nontraditional processes including mechanical (ultrasonic machining, water jet cutting), electrochemical (electrochemical machining), thermal (electric discharge machining, laser beam machining), and chemical (chemical milling) processes.
The document discusses various unconventional machining processes. It begins by introducing unconventional machining and its advantages over conventional machining such as the ability to machine very hard materials and complex shapes. It then categorizes unconventional machining processes into mechanical, electro-thermal, and chemical/electrochemical processes. Several specific unconventional processes are described in detail, including electrical discharge machining, electrochemical machining, laser beam machining, water jet machining, and ultrasonic machining. The document provides an overview of the basic techniques, applications, and advantages of various unconventional machining processes.
Advantages and limitation of non traditional machiningMrunal Mohadikar
The document provides an overview of several non-traditional machining processes including Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM), Electrochemical Machining (ECM), Ultrasonic Machining (USM), Laser Beam Machining (LBM), Water Jet Cutting, and Abrasive Water Jet Cutting. For each process, the document discusses the basic technique, key advantages such as ability to machine hard materials and produce complex shapes, and limitations such as low material removal rates or inability to machine non-conductive materials. The document serves to educate readers on alternative manufacturing methods beyond traditional cutting tools and their various applications and constraints.
The document discusses various thermal energy-based material removal techniques, focusing on electrical discharge machining (EDM) and wire EDM. EDM works by using electrical sparks to erode metals, with the sparks controlled by a power supply. Wire EDM uses a continuously moving wire to remove material through controlled repetitive sparks in a dielectric fluid. Both processes can machine hard materials and leave minimal burrs. The document also covers laser beam machining, which uses a focused laser beam to melt, vaporize, or ablate material.
ABHAY SURY4A M Technical Seminar PPT.pptssuser9b29db
The document provides an overview of metal 3D printing (additive manufacturing) technologies. It discusses powder bed fusion and direct energy deposition processes and describes the working principles of selective laser melting. Key parameters that influence material properties are optimized process parameters to improve density and reduce defects. Applications of metal 3D printing in aerospace, automotive, tooling and defense industries are highlighted. Advantages include design flexibility and potential to reduce costs and weight, while disadvantages include slower build rates and potential for defects.
Various Non-conventional machining Processaman1312
The document provides information on various non-conventional machining processes. It begins by defining non-traditional manufacturing processes as those that remove material using mechanical, thermal, electrical, or chemical energy without sharp cutting tools. Extremely hard materials are difficult to machine with traditional processes. The document then discusses several non-traditional processes in detail, including abrasive jet machining (AJM), ultrasonic machining (USM), electrical discharge machining (EDM), and their working principles and applications.
The document discusses various thermal energy-based material removal techniques, focusing on electrical discharge machining (EDM) and laser beam machining (LBM). It provides details on the EDM and LBM processes, including how they work, common applications, advantages, and limitations. EDM uses electric sparks to melt and vaporize material, while LBM uses a focused laser beam. Both processes precisely shape materials by thermal heating without mechanical forces.
The document discusses various thermal energy-based material removal techniques, including electrical discharge machining (EDM) and laser beam machining (LBM). It provides details on the EDM process, including how it works using electric sparks to erode metals. Wire EDM and micro EDM are also examined. The document then covers the LBM process, the types of lasers used for different applications like cutting, drilling, and marking. It discusses key laser beam parameters such as beam waist, intensity, and depth of focus. In summary, the document provides an in-depth overview of EDM and LBM processes for removing material using thermal energy.
This document provides an overview of mechanical energy based unconventional machining processes. It discusses abrasive jet machining (AJM), water jet machining (WJM), and ultrasonic machining (USM). For each process, it describes the basic working principles, key components, process parameters that influence material removal rate, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. It also compares different types of transducers used in USM and discusses factors affecting the machining performance of USM.
The document discusses various unconventional machining processes. It covers mechanical energy based processes like abrasive jet machining, water jet machining and ultrasonic machining in Unit 1. Unit 2 discusses thermal and electrical energy based processes. Key processes covered are electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining. Unit 3 focuses on chemical and electrochemical energy based processes like electrochemical machining. The document provides details on the working, parameters, advantages and applications of these various unconventional machining processes.
The document discusses various unconventional machining processes. It covers mechanical energy based processes like abrasive jet machining, water jet machining and ultrasonic machining in Unit 1. Unit 2 discusses thermal and electrical energy based processes. Key processes covered are electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining. Unit 3 focuses on chemical and electrochemical energy based processes like electrochemical machining. The document provides details on the working, parameters, advantages and applications of these various unconventional machining processes.
Nontraditional machining processes remove material using mechanical, thermal, electrical, or chemical energy instead of sharp cutting tools. They were developed after WWII to machine materials that cannot be cut conventionally like hard metals. Examples are ultrasonic machining (uses abrasives in slurry), water jet cutting (high pressure water), electric discharge machining (material removal by electric sparks), and laser beam machining (uses a laser). Nontraditional processes are used for complex parts, hard materials, and when traditional machining causes undesirable effects like high temperatures or residual stresses.
The document discusses electrochemical machining (ECM). ECM is an unconventional machining process where material is removed from a workpiece made of an electrically conductive material via an electrochemical reaction. In ECM, the workpiece acts as an anode in an electrolyte solution, and a tool acts as a cathode. A direct current is passed between them, causing metal ions from the workpiece to dissolve into the electrolyte solution. ECM can machine complex shapes with high accuracy and no tool wear. It has the highest material removal rate of any unconventional machining process but requires expensive equipment and a conductive workpiece material.
NTMM for GATE IES PSUs 2023 by S K Mondal.pdfRamMishra65
1. Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a non-traditional machining process that involves removing metal by anodic dissolution using a high-amperage electrical current passed through an electrolyte.
2. In ECM, the workpiece acts as an anode and is placed close to a cathode tool, with an electrolyte flowing between them. Metal dissolves from the workpiece and is carried away by the electrolyte.
3. ECM can machine very hard metals and produce complex shapes with a high material removal rate and excellent surface finish without thermal or mechanical damage. However, it requires expensive equipment and the electrolyte is corrosive.
This document provides an introduction to electrical discharge machining (EDM). EDM is an unconventional machining process where material is removed by electric sparks between an electrode tool and conductive workpiece, with no direct contact between them. Key aspects of EDM covered include the construction of EDM machines, the role of dielectric fluids, factors that affect the material removal rate such as capacitance and spark parameters, and electrode tool materials and wear characteristics. Graphite, copper, and copper-tungsten are commonly used as tool materials in EDM due to properties like machinability and erosion resistance.
This document discusses nontraditional manufacturing processes. It provides an overview of ultrasonic machining (USM), describing the process, material removal mechanism, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. It also summarizes waterjet machining (WJM) and abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM), explaining the principles, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of these processes. Finally, it briefly introduces abrasive jet machining (AJM), describing the basic process and its uses.
This document discusses nontraditional manufacturing processes. It provides an overview of ultrasonic machining (USM), describing the process, material removal mechanism, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. It also summarizes waterjet machining (WJM) and abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM), explaining the principles, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of these processes. Finally, it briefly introduces abrasive jet machining (AJM), describing the basic process and its uses.
The document discusses various advanced manufacturing processes that use thermal energy or electrical discharges to remove material from a workpiece. It focuses on electrical discharge machining (EDM) and wire EDM. EDM works by sparking electrical discharges between an electrode and workpiece submerged in dielectric fluid to erode away material. Key advantages of EDM are its ability to machine hard metals and create complex shapes. The document also covers laser beam machining which uses a focused laser beam to melt, vaporize, or ablate material from the workpiece.
This document discusses various nontraditional machining and thermal cutting processes. It begins by defining these processes as those that remove material using mechanical, thermal, electrical, or chemical energy without a conventional cutting tool. These alternative processes are important for machining new metals and non-metals, producing complex geometries, and avoiding surface damage from traditional methods. The document then groups and describes various nontraditional processes including mechanical (ultrasonic machining, water jet cutting), electrochemical (electrochemical machining), thermal (electric discharge machining, laser beam machining), and chemical (chemical milling) processes.
This document discusses various nontraditional machining and thermal cutting processes. It begins by defining these processes as those that remove material using mechanical, thermal, electrical, or chemical energy without a conventional cutting tool. These alternative processes are important for machining new metals and non-metals, producing complex geometries, and avoiding surface damage from traditional methods. The document then groups and describes various nontraditional processes including mechanical (ultrasonic machining, water jet cutting), electrochemical (electrochemical machining), thermal (electric discharge machining, laser beam machining), and chemical (chemical milling) processes.
The document discusses various unconventional machining processes. It begins by introducing unconventional machining and its advantages over conventional machining such as the ability to machine very hard materials and complex shapes. It then categorizes unconventional machining processes into mechanical, electro-thermal, and chemical/electrochemical processes. Several specific unconventional processes are described in detail, including electrical discharge machining, electrochemical machining, laser beam machining, water jet machining, and ultrasonic machining. The document provides an overview of the basic techniques, applications, and advantages of various unconventional machining processes.
Advantages and limitation of non traditional machiningMrunal Mohadikar
The document provides an overview of several non-traditional machining processes including Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM), Electrochemical Machining (ECM), Ultrasonic Machining (USM), Laser Beam Machining (LBM), Water Jet Cutting, and Abrasive Water Jet Cutting. For each process, the document discusses the basic technique, key advantages such as ability to machine hard materials and produce complex shapes, and limitations such as low material removal rates or inability to machine non-conductive materials. The document serves to educate readers on alternative manufacturing methods beyond traditional cutting tools and their various applications and constraints.
The document discusses various thermal energy-based material removal techniques, focusing on electrical discharge machining (EDM) and wire EDM. EDM works by using electrical sparks to erode metals, with the sparks controlled by a power supply. Wire EDM uses a continuously moving wire to remove material through controlled repetitive sparks in a dielectric fluid. Both processes can machine hard materials and leave minimal burrs. The document also covers laser beam machining, which uses a focused laser beam to melt, vaporize, or ablate material.
ABHAY SURY4A M Technical Seminar PPT.pptssuser9b29db
The document provides an overview of metal 3D printing (additive manufacturing) technologies. It discusses powder bed fusion and direct energy deposition processes and describes the working principles of selective laser melting. Key parameters that influence material properties are optimized process parameters to improve density and reduce defects. Applications of metal 3D printing in aerospace, automotive, tooling and defense industries are highlighted. Advantages include design flexibility and potential to reduce costs and weight, while disadvantages include slower build rates and potential for defects.
Various Non-conventional machining Processaman1312
The document provides information on various non-conventional machining processes. It begins by defining non-traditional manufacturing processes as those that remove material using mechanical, thermal, electrical, or chemical energy without sharp cutting tools. Extremely hard materials are difficult to machine with traditional processes. The document then discusses several non-traditional processes in detail, including abrasive jet machining (AJM), ultrasonic machining (USM), electrical discharge machining (EDM), and their working principles and applications.
The document discusses various thermal energy-based material removal techniques, focusing on electrical discharge machining (EDM) and laser beam machining (LBM). It provides details on the EDM and LBM processes, including how they work, common applications, advantages, and limitations. EDM uses electric sparks to melt and vaporize material, while LBM uses a focused laser beam. Both processes precisely shape materials by thermal heating without mechanical forces.
The document discusses various thermal energy-based material removal techniques, including electrical discharge machining (EDM) and laser beam machining (LBM). It provides details on the EDM process, including how it works using electric sparks to erode metals. Wire EDM and micro EDM are also examined. The document then covers the LBM process, the types of lasers used for different applications like cutting, drilling, and marking. It discusses key laser beam parameters such as beam waist, intensity, and depth of focus. In summary, the document provides an in-depth overview of EDM and LBM processes for removing material using thermal energy.
This document provides an overview of mechanical energy based unconventional machining processes. It discusses abrasive jet machining (AJM), water jet machining (WJM), and ultrasonic machining (USM). For each process, it describes the basic working principles, key components, process parameters that influence material removal rate, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. It also compares different types of transducers used in USM and discusses factors affecting the machining performance of USM.
The document discusses various unconventional machining processes. It covers mechanical energy based processes like abrasive jet machining, water jet machining and ultrasonic machining in Unit 1. Unit 2 discusses thermal and electrical energy based processes. Key processes covered are electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining. Unit 3 focuses on chemical and electrochemical energy based processes like electrochemical machining. The document provides details on the working, parameters, advantages and applications of these various unconventional machining processes.
The document discusses various unconventional machining processes. It covers mechanical energy based processes like abrasive jet machining, water jet machining and ultrasonic machining in Unit 1. Unit 2 discusses thermal and electrical energy based processes. Key processes covered are electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining. Unit 3 focuses on chemical and electrochemical energy based processes like electrochemical machining. The document provides details on the working, parameters, advantages and applications of these various unconventional machining processes.
Nontraditional machining processes remove material using mechanical, thermal, electrical, or chemical energy instead of sharp cutting tools. They were developed after WWII to machine materials that cannot be cut conventionally like hard metals. Examples are ultrasonic machining (uses abrasives in slurry), water jet cutting (high pressure water), electric discharge machining (material removal by electric sparks), and laser beam machining (uses a laser). Nontraditional processes are used for complex parts, hard materials, and when traditional machining causes undesirable effects like high temperatures or residual stresses.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
UNLOCKING HEALTHCARE 4.0: NAVIGATING CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE I...amsjournal
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is transforming industries, including healthcare, by integrating digital,
physical, and biological technologies. This study examines the integration of 4.0 technologies into
healthcare, identifying success factors and challenges through interviews with 70 stakeholders from 33
countries. Healthcare is evolving significantly, with varied objectives across nations aiming to improve
population health. The study explores stakeholders' perceptions on critical success factors, identifying
challenges such as insufficiently trained personnel, organizational silos, and structural barriers to data
exchange. Facilitators for integration include cost reduction initiatives and interoperability policies.
Technologies like IoT, Big Data, AI, Machine Learning, and robotics enhance diagnostics, treatment
precision, and real-time monitoring, reducing errors and optimizing resource utilization. Automation
improves employee satisfaction and patient care, while Blockchain and telemedicine drive cost reductions.
Successful integration requires skilled professionals and supportive policies, promising efficient resource
use, lower error rates, and accelerated processes, leading to optimized global healthcare outcomes.
2. 2
Machining Process
Manufacturing processes can be broadly divided into
two groups:
a) Primary manufacturing processes : Provide basic
shape and size
b) Secondary manufacturing processes : Provide final
shape and size with tighter control on dimension,
surface characteristics
Material removal processes once again can be
divided into two groups
1. Conventional Machining Processes
2. Non-Traditional Manufacturing Processes or non-
conventional Manufacturing processes
4. 4
Needs for Non Traditional Machining
• Extremely hard and brittle materials or Difficult to
machine materials are difficult to machine by
traditional machining processes.
• When the work piece is too flexible or slender to
support the cutting or grinding forces.
• When the shape of the part is too complex.
• Intricate shaped blind hole – e.g. square hole of 15
mmx15 mm with a depth of 30 mm
• Deep hole with small hole diameter – e.g. φ 1.5 mm
hole with l/d = 20
• Machining of composites.
5. 5
Conventional Machining VS Unconventional Machining
In Conventional machining process, the cutting
tool and work piece are always in physical
contact, with a relative motion against each
other, which results in friction and a significant
tool wear.
In Unconventional machining processes, there
is no physical contact between the tool and
work piece. Although in some non-traditional
processes tool wear exists, it rarely is a
significant problem.
6. 6
Outline of AJM
Definition
Schematic Diagram of AJM
Typical AJM parameters
Applications
Limitations
Advantages
Disadvantages
Video of Cutting Process
7. Definition of AJM :-
In AJM, the material removal takes place due to
impingement of the fine abrasive particles. These
particles move with the high speed air (or gas)
stream.
The abrasive particles are typically of 0.025 mm
diameter and the air discharges at a pressure of
several atmosphere.
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8. Schematic Diagram of AJM
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Aluminum oxide
Boron Nitride
Diamond Dust
Dry
air,
nitrogen
or
co2
9. Working of Abrasive jet machining: (AJM):
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3
The nozzle is made of a hard material like
Tungsten Carbide here fine grained abrasive
particles are fed from the Hooper into the
mixing chamber.
High pressure air is forced in to the mixing
chamber.
The stream of abrasive particles bombards the
work piece at a very high speed and removes
the work material due to erosion.
The abrasive particle feed rate is controlled by
the amplitude of vibration of the mixing
chamber.
10. Typical AJM Parameters
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3
Abrasive
Aluminum oxide for Al and Brass.
SiC for Stainless steel and Ceramic
Bicarbonate of soda for Teflon
Glass bed for polishing.
Size
10-15 Micron
Quantity
5-15 liter/min for fine work
10-30 liter/min for usual cuts.
50-100 liter/min for rough cuts
11. Typical AJM Parameters
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3
Medium
Dry air, CO2, N2
Quantity: 30 liter/min
Velocity: 150-300 m/min
Pressure: 200-1300 KPa
Nozzle
Material: Tungsten carbide
Stand of distance: 2.54-75 mm
Diameter: 0.13-1.2 mm
Operating Angle: 60° to vertical
12. Typical AJM Parameters
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Factors affecting MRR:
Types of abrasive and abrasive grain size
Flow rate
Stand off distance
Nozzle Pressure
13. Nozzle
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3
The nozzle is one of the most vital elements
controlling the process characteristics. Since it is
continuously in contact with the abrasive grains
flowing at a high speed, the material must be
hard to avoid any significant wear.
One of the most important factors in AJM is the
distance between the work surface and the tip of
the nozzle, normally called the nozzle distance
15. Applications:-
For drilling holes of intricate shapes in hard and
brittle materials
For machining fragile, brittle and heat sensitive
materials.
AJM can be used for drilling, cutting, deburring,
cleaning and etching.
Micro-machining of brittle materials
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16. Limitations:-
MRR (Material removal rate) is rather low
(around ~ 15 mm^3/min for machining glass).
Abrasive particles tend to get embedded
particularly if the work material is ductile.
Tapering occurs due to flaring of the jet.
Environmental load is rather high.
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17. Advantages:-
Extremely fast setup and programming.
No start hole required.
There is only one tool.
Low capital cost.
Less vibration.
No heat generation in work piece.
Environmentally Friendly.
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18. Disadvantages:-
Low metal removal rate.
Abrasive powder cannot be reused.
Tapper is also a problem.
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19. 19
Outline of LBM
Definition
Schematic Diagram of LBM
Working of LBM
Applications
Limitations
Advantages
Disadvantages
Video of Cutting Process
20. Definition of LBM :-
Laser-beam machining is a thermal material-
removal process that utilizes a high-energy,
coherent light beam to melt and vaporize
particles on the surface of metallic and non-
metallic work pieces.
Lasers can be used to cut, drill, weld and mark.
LBM is particularly suitable for making accurately
placed holes.
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21. Principle of Laser beam machining (LBM):
Conversion of electrical energy into heat energy
to emit laser beam energy.
Laser beam is focused on lance then create high
energy the high energy concentration on work
piece then work piece is melt and vaporized of
metal.
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22. Working of LBM
The diagram of LBM is
shown in figure.
Laser is stand for Light
Amplification by
Simulated Emulsion of
Radiation.
The work piece is
placed on the
aluminum work table
which material is hard
not cut by laser beam.
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<slide Title> | CONFIDENTIAL 2011
23. Working of LBM
Ruby rod is used into
form of cylindrical
crystal both ends of
ruby rod are finished to
optical tolerance.
The flash lamp wound
around the ruby rod
and connected to
power supply.
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<slide Title> | CONFIDENTIAL 2011
24. Working of Laser beam machining (LBM):
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The ruby rod becomes high efficient on low
temperature and low efficient on high
temperature. It is thus continuous cooled with
water, air or liquid nitrogen.
When the light beam has been amplified
sufficiently and intensity beam of light comes out
form partially reflected end it is focused on the
work piece at the focused very high temperature
which vaporized and removes the metal on work
piece.
25. Applications:-
LBM can make very accurate holes as small as
0.005 mm in refractory metals ceramics, and
composite material without warping the work
pieces.
It is used for welding of thin metal sheet.
Leaser can be used for cutting as well as drilling.
Heat treatment.
It is used for cutting complex profile.
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26. Limitations:-
Uneconomic on high volumes compared to
stamping
Limitations on thickness due to taper
High capital cost
High maintenance cost
Assist or cover gas required
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27. Advantages:-
Very hard and abrasive material can be cut.
Sticky materials are also can be cut by this
process.
It is a cost effective and flexible process.
High accuracy parts can be machined.
No cutting lubricants required
No tool wear
Narrow heat effected zone
No contact between tool and work piece.
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28. Disadvantages:-
Investment cost is more.
Skilled operator is required.
Operating cost is more.
Flash lamp life is too short.
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29. Summary:-
Mechanics of material removal : Melting, Vaporization
Medium : Normal atmosphere
Tool : Higher power laser beam
Maximum material removal rate: 5 mm^3/min
Specific power consumption : 1000 W/mm^3/min
Materials application : All materials
Shape application : Drilling fine holes
Limitations : Very power consumption, cannot cut
materials with high heat conductivity and high reflectivity
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30. 30
Outline of EDM
Definition
Schematic Diagram of EDM
Working of EDM
Applications
Advantages
Disadvantages
Video of Cutting Process
31. Principle of EDM:
Electrical discharge machining (EDM), sometimes also
referred to as spark machining, spark
eroding, burning, die sinking, wire burning or wire
erosion, is a manufacturing process whereby a desired
shape is obtained using electrical discharges (sparks).
Material is removed from the work piece by a series of
rapidly recurring current discharges between two
electrodes , separated by a die-electric liquid and
subject to an electric voltage. One of the electrodes is
called the tool-electrode, or simply the "tool" or
"electrode", while the other is called the workpiece-
electrode, or "workpiece".
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32. Working of EDM
The diagram of electro
discharge machining shown
in figure.
EDM is thermal erosion
process whereby material is
melted and vaporized from
an electrically conductive
work piece immerse in a
liquid dielectric with a series
of spark discharge between
the tool electrode and the
work piece created by a
power supply.
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<slide Title> | CONFIDENTIAL 2011
33. Working of EDM
The electrode and the work
piece are separated by a
dielectric medium.
The dielectric medium is like
as kerosene, paraffin or light
oil.
The strong electrostatic field
between the electrode and
work piece produce
emission of electrons from
the cathode.
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<slide Title> | CONFIDENTIAL 2011
34. Working of EDM
In this gap between tool
and work piece get
ionized. The liquid is force
to sparking zone.
Due to high temperature,
the metal at the sparking
zone melts
instantaneously.
The material of the tool is
usually a material which
conduct electricity and
which can be easily
shaped.
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<slide Title> | CONFIDENTIAL 2011
35. Advantages:-
Smaller holes can be easy machined.
No contact between tool and work piece then
tool life is increase.
Any complex shape can be machined.
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36. Disadvantages:-
Tool life is not longer.
Power consumption is high.
Cycle time is more
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37. Summary:-
Mechanics of material removal : Electrolysis
Medium : Conducting electrolyte
Tool : Cu, Brass, Steel
Gap : 50-300 µm
Maximum material removal rate: 15*10^3 mm^3/min
Specific power consumption : 7 W/mm^3/min
Materials application : All conducting metals and alloys
Shape application : Blind complex cavities, curved
surfaces, through cutting, large through cavities
Limitations : High speed energy consumption, not
applicable with electricity non-conducting materials
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40. 40
Outline of USM
Definition
Schematic Diagram & working of USM
Applications
Advantages
Disadvantages
Summary
Video
41. Principle of Ultrasonic machining(USM):
In this method with the help of piezoelectric
transducer tool is vibrate at high frequency in a
direction normal to the surface being machined
abrasive slurry are used for the remove the metal
from work piece.
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42. Working of USM
The USM diagram shown
in figure.
In ultrasonic machining a
tool vibrate longitudinally
at 20 to 30 kHz with
amplitude between 0.01
to 0.06 mm is pressed on
to the work surface with
light force.
The electronic oscillator
and amplifier is also
known as generator.
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43. Working of USM
It converts the
electrical energy of low
frequency to high
frequency.
At the time high
frequency current is
passed through the
coil therefore change
in electromagnetic field
which produces
longitudinal strain.
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<slide Title> | CONFIDENTIAL 2011
44. Working of USM
As the tool vibrate with
specific frequency the
abrasive slurry mix with
water and grain of definite
proportion is made to flow
under pressure through
the tool work piece
interface. The flow of slurry
through the work tool
interface actually causes
thousand of microscopic
grain to remove the work
material by abrasion.
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45. Applications:-
USM is best suitable for hard, brittle material,
such as ceramics, carbides, glass, precious
stone etc.
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46. Advantages:-
Any materials can be machined regardless of
their electrical conductivity.
Especially suitable for machining of brittle
materials.
Machined parts by USM possess better surface
finish and higher structural integrity.
USM does not produce thermal, electrical and
chemical abnormal surface.
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47. Disadvantages:-
Tool wears fast in USM.
Machining area and depth is restraint in USM.
High cost of tooling.
MMR is low.
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48. Summary:-
Mechanics of material removal : Brittle fracture caused by
impact of abrasive grains due to tool vibrating at high
frequency.
Medium : Slurry
Tool : Soft Steel
Gap : 25-40 µm
Frequency : 15-30kHz
Amplitude : 25-100 µm
Specific power consumption : 1000 W/mm^3/min
Materials application : Metals and alloys,
semiconductors, non- metals
Shape application : Round and irregular holes
Limitations : Very low mrr, tool wear, depth of holes and
cavities small 26 October 2022
51. Definition of EBM :-
Electron Beam Machining (EBM) is a thermal
process. Here a steam of high speed electrons
impinges on the work surface so that the kinetic
energy of electrons is transferred to work
producing intense heating.
Depending upon the intensity of heating the work
piece can melt and vaporize.
The process of heating by electron beam is used
for annealing, welding or metal removal.
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52. EBM:
During EBM process very high velocities can be
obtained by using enough voltage of 1,50,000 V
can produce velocity of 228,478 km/sec and it is
focused on 10 – 200 μM diameter.
Power density can go up to 6500 billion
W/sq.mm. Such a power density can vaporize
any substance immediately.
Complex contours can be easily machined by
maneuvering the electron beam using magnetic
deflection coils
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53. EBM:
To avoid a collision of the accelerating electrons
with the air molecules, the process has to be
conducted in vacuum. So EBM is not suitable for
large work pieces.
Process is accomplished with vacuum so no
possibility of contamination.
No effects on work piece because about 25-
50μm away from machining spot remains at
room temperature and so no effects of high
temperature on work
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54. Working of EBM
The EBM beam is
operated in pulse mode.
This is achieved by
appropriately biasing the
biased grid located just
after the cathode.
Switching pulses are
given to the bias grid so
as to achieve pulse
duration of as low as 50
μs to as long as 15 ms.
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<slide Title> | CONFIDENTIAL 2011
55. Working of EBM
Beam current is directly
related to the number of
electrons emitted by the
cathode or available in
the beam.
Beam current once
again can be as low as
200μ amp to 1 amp.
Increasing the beam
current directly
increases the energy
per pulse.
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<slide Title> | CONFIDENTIAL 2011
56. Working of EBM
Similarly increase in pulse duration also
enhances energy per pulse.
High-energy pulses (in excess of 100 J/pulse)
can machine larger holes on thicker plates.
A higher energy density, i.e., for a lower spot
size, the material removal would be faster though
the size of the hole would be smaller.
The plane of focusing would be on the surface of
the work piece or just below the surface of the
work piece.
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57. Applications:-
Used for producing very small size holes like
holes in diesel injection nozzles, Air brakes etc.
Used only for circular holes.
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58. Limitations:-
Material removal rate is very low compared to
other convectional machining processes.
Maintaining perfect vacuum is very difficult.
The machining process can’t be seen by
operator.
Work piece material should be electrically
conducting.
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59. Advantages:-
Very small size holes can be produced.
Surface finish produced is good.
Highly reactive metals like Al and Mg can be
machined very easily.
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60. Summary:-
Mechanics of material removal : Melting, Vaporization
Medium : Vacuum
Tool : Beam of electron moving at very high velocity
Maximum material removal rate: 10 mm^3/min
Specific power consumption : 450 W/mm^3/min
Materials application : All materials
Shape application : Drilling fine holes, cutting contours in
sheets, cutting narrow slots
Limitations : Very high specific energy consumption,
necessity of vacuum, expensive machine
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