The document summarizes research on an eco-hydrological model to investigate how trees maintain carbon assimilation and water fluxes during drought through deep fine root development. The model was calibrated and validated for deciduous and evergreen tree sites in Germany and France. Simulation results showed the hypothetical root mechanism allowed for higher net carbon profit and carbon assimilation during drought through extracting water from deeper soil layers.
Towards Cost Efficient Soil Carbon Measurement and MonitoringCarbon Coalition
Professor Alex. McBratney of Sydnet University delivers a stunning presentation on remote sensing and its promise of satellites 'spying' on plants to help save the world from climate crisis.
HUBBARD BROOK ECOSYSTEM STUDY, 52nd ANNUAL COOPERATORS' MEETING, Woodstock NH, Wednesday, 8 JULY 2015. Session l: Multiple Element Limitation Study Moderator: Ruth Yanai. Sapflow 2015: Does N or P also affect water use in the MELNHE plots?
Brigid Farrell and Isaac Jo, MELNHE,
Sapflow rates were taken from species of primary canopy dominance over a period of ten days. Optimal rates were used to assess overall productivity in sites of varying nutrient availability.
Towards Cost Efficient Soil Carbon Measurement and MonitoringCarbon Coalition
Professor Alex. McBratney of Sydnet University delivers a stunning presentation on remote sensing and its promise of satellites 'spying' on plants to help save the world from climate crisis.
HUBBARD BROOK ECOSYSTEM STUDY, 52nd ANNUAL COOPERATORS' MEETING, Woodstock NH, Wednesday, 8 JULY 2015. Session l: Multiple Element Limitation Study Moderator: Ruth Yanai. Sapflow 2015: Does N or P also affect water use in the MELNHE plots?
Brigid Farrell and Isaac Jo, MELNHE,
Sapflow rates were taken from species of primary canopy dominance over a period of ten days. Optimal rates were used to assess overall productivity in sites of varying nutrient availability.
20180320 polymer based nanomaterials for supercapacitorsTianyu Liu
The slides for a guest lecture of a graduate course (Chem 6564) offered by the Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Re-wetting drained peatlands can reduce large greenhouse gas emissionsStankovic G
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 3.1, Managing SOC in: Soils with high SOC – peatlands, permafrost, and black soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. He Hongxing, from University of Gothenburg - Sweden, in FAO Hq, Rome
20180320 polymer based nanomaterials for supercapacitorsTianyu Liu
The slides for a guest lecture of a graduate course (Chem 6564) offered by the Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Re-wetting drained peatlands can reduce large greenhouse gas emissionsStankovic G
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 3.1, Managing SOC in: Soils with high SOC – peatlands, permafrost, and black soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. He Hongxing, from University of Gothenburg - Sweden, in FAO Hq, Rome
Drought-induced mortality. Pat Mitchell, ACEAS Grand 2014aceas13tern
Improving predictions of drought-induced mortality and its consequences for Net Primary Production in Australian forests. Patrick Mitchell ACEAS Grand 2014
Coupling the water and carbon cycles using transpiration and primary producti...Alison Prior
** This is a modified version of the interactive PICO presentation given at the 2019 European Geosciences Union Assembly in Vienna **
Improving the accuracy of coupling of water and carbon cycles in land surface models has been emphasised in recent studies as a major priority for research. Reliable quantification of carbon and water balances is required in order to effectively estimate gross primary production (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) across space and time.
The P model (for ‘production’) is grounded in plant functional ecology and links the carbon and water cy- cles via a theory of stomatal optimization and photosynthetic acclimation. It has the mathematical form of a LUE model while being traceable to first principles, including the standard model of photosynthesis, for the prediction of GPP.
The model has only three free parameters, of which two are estimated from independent observations on leaf stable carbon isotopes and leaf-level electron transport capacity. The model requires only elevation, CO2 concentration, solar radiation, vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and temperature as input.
We will present a demonstration application of the P model using a novel approach that extends the algo- rithm to create a prototype of a universal transpiration (T) product using Sentinel 3 data. Both GPP and T outputs will be evaluated against FLUXNET observations. Stomatal conductance will be calculated based on the model’s predictions of GPP and the ratio of internal to external CO2 partial pressure, allowing transpiration to be calculated from VPD.
The P model has many advantages, including its strong theoretical and empirical basis, extremely parameter-sparse nature, and the fact that it does not require the prior specification of plant functional types or land cover types. The research presented here will extend its application from primary production monitoring to include carbon-water cycle coupling and water resources assessment.
In this presentation, we discuss several major engineering projects that should be put in place for fighting climate change at a cheap cost. Among others: a global electrical grid, carbon capture technologies, power-to-gas devices.
Uncertainty in simulating biomass yield and carbon-water fluxes from Euro-Mediterranean grasslands under Climate Changes_Renata Sándor
LiveM_Macsur_Bilbao_2014
Flexibility with renewable(low-carbon) hydrogenIEA-ETSAP
Flexibility with renewable hydrogen
Paul Dodds, Jana Fakhreddine & Kari Espegren, IEA ETSAP
16–17th november 2023, Turin, Italy, etsap meeting, etsap winter workshop, semi-annual meeting, november 2023, Politecnico di Torino Lingotto, Torino
In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to study the performance of a parabolic trough collector (PTC). The proposed model consists of three parts. The first part is a solar radiation model that used to estimate the amount of solar radiation incident upon Earth by using equations and relationships between the sun and the Earth. The second part is the optical model; This part has the ability to determine the optical efficiency of PTC throughout the daytime. The last part is the thermal model. The aim of this part is to estimate the amount of energy collected by different types of fluids and capable to calculate the heat losses, thermal efficiency and the outlet temperature of fluid. All heat balance equations and heat transfer mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation, have been incorporated. The proposed model is implemented in MATLAB. A new nanofluids like Water+PEO+1%CNT, PEO+1%CNT and PEO+0.2%CUO where tested and were compared with conventional water and molten salt during the winter and the summer to the city of Basra and good results were obtained in improving the performance of the solar collector. The results explained both the design and environmental parameters that effect on the performance of PTC. Percentage of improvement in the thermal efficiency at the summer when using nanofluids (Water+PEO+1%CNT, PEO+1%CNT and PEO+0.2%CUO) Nano fluids are (19.68%, 17.47% and 15.1%) respectively compared to the water and (10.98%, 8.93% and 6.7%) respectively compared to the molten salt, as well as the percentage decreases in the heat losses by using the Nano fluids through the vacuum space between the receiver tube and the glass envelope compared with water (86 %, 76 % and 66 %) and molten salt (79.15 %, 64.34 % and 48.47 % ) . As final a Water+PEO+1%CNT nanofluid gives the best performance
Harvesting wind energy in Greenland: a project for Europe and a huge step tow...Université de Liège (ULg)
Current global environmental challenges require vigorous and diverse actions in the energy sector. One solution that has recently attracted interest consists in harnessing high-quality variable renewable energy resources in remote locations, while using transmission links to transport the power to end users. In this context, a comparison of western European and Greenland wind regimes is proposed. By leveraging a regional atmospheric model speci cally designed to accurately capture polar phenomena, local climatic features of southern Greenland are identi ed to be particularly conducive to extensive renewable electricity generation from wind. A methodology to assess how connecting remote locations to major demand centres would bene t the latter from a resource availability standpoint is introduced and applied to the aforementioned Europe-Greenland case study, showing superior and complementary wind generation potential in the considered region of Greenland with respect to selected European sites.
Presentation given by Dr Maria Chiara Ferrari from University of Edinburgh on "Capturing CO2 from air: Research at the University of Edinburgh" at the UKCCSRC Direct Air Capture/Negative Emissions Workshop held in London on 18 March 2014
Hydrogen fuel cells for the automotive systemOmar Qasim
(PEM) fuel cells are energy conversion devices that convert the chemical energy in the fuel to electric energy directly without any combustion processes.
C sequestration of a grazed permanent grasslands: uses of complementary metho...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.2, Managing SOC in: Grasslands and livestock production systems, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Katja Klumpp, from INRA – France, in FAO Hq, Rome
2017 CalAPA Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference presentation: A summary of research conducted by the University of California Pavement Research Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of Southern California on lifecycle impacts of cool pavement strategies in California.
On Thursday, 24 September 2020, Dana Kirchem (ESRI), presented the following presentation at the UCD-ESRI energy policy research conference.
For more information on the event, please follow the link: https://www.esri.ie/events/webinar-ucd-esri-energy-policy-research-conference
Jocher, Georg: Addressing forest canopy decoupling on a global scale
MSc Presentation Emma
1. Eco-hydrology of trees during Drought Evapotranspiration of Forests By: Emma Daniels (0448257) Supervisors: Prof. dr. ir. M.F.P. (Marc) Bierkens (Physical Geography) Dr. S.C. (Stefan) Dekker (CopernicusInstitute)
2. Research objectives To create an eco-hydrological model to investigate the hypothesis that trees create deep fine root mass to prevent carbon loss under severe drought To calibrate, validate and simulate water and carbon fluxes for deciduous and evergreen tree species in Germany and France respectively 2 Introduction - Model - Results - Discussion - Conclusion
3. Observations Evaporation observations of forests in the Netherlands during periods of regular drought show that trees are able to evaporate almost at full potential, while surrounding crops and grasses show an evaporation reduction (Schuurmans, 2008). Leuzingeret al. (2005) found that during the extreme drought in the summer of 2003 daily peak values of sap flow decreased to only about half of the early summer maxima in FagussylvaticaL. 3 Introduction- Model - Results - Discussion- Conclusion
4. Hypothesis Every daya tree will maximize its Net Carbon Profit by the most optimal choice of the following strategies: (1) keeping assimilation going by replacing fine root mass and extracting water from deeper down the profile or (2) decreasing maintenance respiration by decreasing leave area. 4 Introduction - Model - Results - Discussion - Conclusion
5. Climate change Changes in hydrological cycle Magnitude and frequency of droughts in Southern Europe will increase Reduction in carbon storage by forests Shift towards drought tolerant species? CO2 fertilization effect? 5 Multi-model mean changes in evaporation (mm /day). Changes are annual means for the SRES A1B scenario for the period 2080 to 2099 relative to 1980 to 1999. Introduction - Model - Results - Discussion - Conclusion
7. Vegetation Optimality Modelling Assumption: Natural species have co-evolved with their environment over a long period of time and natural selection has led to a vegetation composition that is most suited for the given environmental conditions Objective function: ‘Net Carbon Profit’ Adjustable variables: Electron transport capacity (Jmax) Root distribution 7 Introduction - Model - Results - Discussion - Conclusion
8. DE-Hai: Hainich National Park in Thuringia region FR-Pue: 35 km NW of Montpellier 8 Introduction - Model - Results - Discussion - Conclusion
9. Fluxnet sites Hainich (DE-Hai) Central Germany Mean 6.8 °C and 775 mm Temperate climate Tree age 1-250 years Deciduous trees FagussylvaticaL., 65% Soil: loamy clay Puechabon (FR-Pue) Herault region in France Mean 13.5 °C and 872 mm Subtropical-Mediterranean climate Evergreen trees Quercusilex L. Soil: silty clay loam 9 Introduction - Model - Results - Discussion - Conclusion
10. Matlab Model Multilayer canopy Diffuse and direct sunlight Leaf stomata Stomatal conductance Gs (gas exchange) Root mass distribution Hypothetical root mechanism 10 Introduction - Model - Results - Discussion - Conclusion
11. Main equations Relationship between Et and Ag for a fixed electron transport rate (JA) and atmospheric vapor deficit (Dv), but variable stomatal conductivity (Gs). The upper limit for Ag is determined by JA, while the initial slope of the relationship is determined by Dv. 11 Introduction - Model - Results - Discussion - Conclusion
12. Hypothetical root mechanism CO2 = Ag – Rs – Rw NCP = Ag – Rft – Rv – Rr Cumulative NCP over the evaluated time period Up to 5% of the total root mass is replaced from the soil layer with the lowest water content Cost of creating new fine roots 12 Introduction - Model - Results - Discussion - Conclusion
13. Parameter calibration DiffeRential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) algorithm Parameters optimised off-line with this stochastic optimization algorithm are: ce, me, CRland Jmaxtop Phenology, which was modelled with a degree-day method, was optimized with an unconstrained nonlinear optimization function 13 Introduction - Model - Results - Discussion - Conclusion
14. Parameter setting Results for the last 5000 runs of the DREAM optimisation of the parameters me and ce (empirical parameters defining water use efficiency) and CRl (leaf respiration coefficient) and Jmaxtop (electron transport capacity at the top of the canopy) for the Hainich site, showing the initial and final range and outcome. 14 Introduction - Model - Results - Discussion - Conclusion
20. Hypothesis Every day a tree will maximize its Net Carbon Profit by the most optimal choice of the following strategies: (1) keeping assimilation going by replacing fine root mass and extracting water from deeper down the profile or (2) decreasing maintenance respiration by decreasing leave area. 20 Introduction - Model - Results - Discussion - Conclusion
21. Root adaptation 2003 Net Carbon Profit evaluation period of 1 to 7 days 21 Introduction - Model - Results - Discussion - Conclusion
22. Conclusions Observed and modelled CO2 and H2O fluxes are similar With hypothetical root mechanism in place: Higher Net Carbon Profit More carbon assimilation and higher H2O fluxes during drought Decrease of evaporation only simulated under more severe drought 22 Introduction - Model - Results - Discussion - Conclusion
