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Mri make easy
Cách đọc MRI dành cho sinh viên y khoa
Hình ảnh tương đối dễ hiểu
Dễ dàng tiếp cận lâm sàng mặc dù MRI rất khó khi mới tiếp cận lần đầu.
Cách học hiệu quả.
Mri artifacts gamal mahdaly
This document discusses various types of artifacts that can occur in MRI images and their causes and remedies. It covers technique-related artifacts such as chemical shift artifacts, Gibbs artifacts, aliasing artifacts, and magic angle artifacts. It also discusses patient-related artifacts like motion artifacts, metal artifacts, and flow artifacts. System-related artifacts discussed include shimming artifacts, gradient artifacts, and radiofrequency-related artifacts. For each type of artifact, the etiology, manifestation, and tips for remedying the artifact are provided. The document uses images to demonstrate examples of artifacts and their effects on MRI scans.
Fat suppression imaging
Fat suppression MRI techniques suppress the signal from fat tissues to improve visualization of other tissues. The main techniques are STIR, CHESS, SPIR, and SPAIR which use inversion recovery pulses or chemical saturation of fat protons at different resonance frequencies than water. Newer Dixon-based methods extract water-only and fat-only images from multiple echoes acquired at different echo times to achieve fat suppression without sensitivity to magnetic field inhomogeneities. These techniques are used for tissue characterization, detecting contrast enhancement, and reducing chemical shift artifacts.
Mri safety sujan karki
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate images of the body's internal structures. While MRI is generally safe, certain safety considerations must be addressed regarding the static magnetic field, time-varying gradient magnetic fields, and radiofrequency fields used. Key risks include attraction of ferromagnetic objects, acoustic injury from loud noises, and heating of tissues from radiofrequency exposure. Guidelines limit exposure levels and recommend screening patients for implants to ensure safe MRI examinations.
Mri gradient coils 101
Sometimes it’s great to review the basics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging; how they work, what they cost, how they’re maintained and even how they are installed. Let’s take a closer look at Gradient Coils in MRI scanners.
Mri hardware
This document provides an overview of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems and their components. It begins with a brief history of MRI development from the 1940s discoveries of nuclear magnetic resonance through the 1970s invention of MRI. It then describes the key components of modern MRI systems, including large cylindrical magnets to polarize protons, gradient coils for spatial encoding, RF coils for transmitting and receiving signals, and computer systems for image formation and display. Later sections provide more details on different types of magnets, including permanent, resistive, and superconducting designs.
Ct quality control
This document discusses quality control procedures for CT scanners, including checking image quality metrics like resolution, noise, and CT number accuracy using phantoms. Regular quality control is recommended to establish baselines, identify potential problems early, and reduce downtime. Various tests are described to check parameters like resolution, noise, CT numbers, distance measurement accuracy, slice thickness, table movement, and laser alignment using specialized phantoms and protocols.
PARAMETERS AND ASSOCIATED Trade-Offs, MRI
Optimizing MRI image quality requires balancing trade-offs between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), spatial resolution, and scan time. SNR can be increased by using a long TR, short TE, large flip angle, and proper coil selection. CNR is improved by increasing signal from pathology or decreasing normal tissue signal. Spatial resolution is affected by slice thickness, field-of-view, and image matrix. Scan time depends on TR, phase matrix, and number of signal averages. No single parameter can be optimized alone without impacting others.
Recommended
Mri make easy
Cách đọc MRI dành cho sinh viên y khoa
Hình ảnh tương đối dễ hiểu
Dễ dàng tiếp cận lâm sàng mặc dù MRI rất khó khi mới tiếp cận lần đầu.
Cách học hiệu quả.
Mri artifacts gamal mahdaly
This document discusses various types of artifacts that can occur in MRI images and their causes and remedies. It covers technique-related artifacts such as chemical shift artifacts, Gibbs artifacts, aliasing artifacts, and magic angle artifacts. It also discusses patient-related artifacts like motion artifacts, metal artifacts, and flow artifacts. System-related artifacts discussed include shimming artifacts, gradient artifacts, and radiofrequency-related artifacts. For each type of artifact, the etiology, manifestation, and tips for remedying the artifact are provided. The document uses images to demonstrate examples of artifacts and their effects on MRI scans.
Fat suppression imaging
Fat suppression MRI techniques suppress the signal from fat tissues to improve visualization of other tissues. The main techniques are STIR, CHESS, SPIR, and SPAIR which use inversion recovery pulses or chemical saturation of fat protons at different resonance frequencies than water. Newer Dixon-based methods extract water-only and fat-only images from multiple echoes acquired at different echo times to achieve fat suppression without sensitivity to magnetic field inhomogeneities. These techniques are used for tissue characterization, detecting contrast enhancement, and reducing chemical shift artifacts.
Mri safety sujan karki
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate images of the body's internal structures. While MRI is generally safe, certain safety considerations must be addressed regarding the static magnetic field, time-varying gradient magnetic fields, and radiofrequency fields used. Key risks include attraction of ferromagnetic objects, acoustic injury from loud noises, and heating of tissues from radiofrequency exposure. Guidelines limit exposure levels and recommend screening patients for implants to ensure safe MRI examinations.
Mri gradient coils 101
Sometimes it’s great to review the basics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging; how they work, what they cost, how they’re maintained and even how they are installed. Let’s take a closer look at Gradient Coils in MRI scanners.
Mri hardware
This document provides an overview of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems and their components. It begins with a brief history of MRI development from the 1940s discoveries of nuclear magnetic resonance through the 1970s invention of MRI. It then describes the key components of modern MRI systems, including large cylindrical magnets to polarize protons, gradient coils for spatial encoding, RF coils for transmitting and receiving signals, and computer systems for image formation and display. Later sections provide more details on different types of magnets, including permanent, resistive, and superconducting designs.
Ct quality control
This document discusses quality control procedures for CT scanners, including checking image quality metrics like resolution, noise, and CT number accuracy using phantoms. Regular quality control is recommended to establish baselines, identify potential problems early, and reduce downtime. Various tests are described to check parameters like resolution, noise, CT numbers, distance measurement accuracy, slice thickness, table movement, and laser alignment using specialized phantoms and protocols.
PARAMETERS AND ASSOCIATED Trade-Offs, MRI
Optimizing MRI image quality requires balancing trade-offs between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), spatial resolution, and scan time. SNR can be increased by using a long TR, short TE, large flip angle, and proper coil selection. CNR is improved by increasing signal from pathology or decreasing normal tissue signal. Spatial resolution is affected by slice thickness, field-of-view, and image matrix. Scan time depends on TR, phase matrix, and number of signal averages. No single parameter can be optimized alone without impacting others.
BASIC MRI SEQUENCES
MR imaging uses hydrogen nuclei and their magnetic properties. When exposed to an external magnetic field, the nuclei precess at a frequency defined by the Larmor equation. Different tissues can be distinguished based on their relaxation times (T1, T2, T2*) after radiofrequency excitation. Sequence parameters like repetition time and echo time determine whether images are T1-weighted, T2-weighted, or proton density weighted.
Basic of ultrasound
Vascular ultrasound uses sound waves to image blood vessels. It combines real-time imaging (B-mode) with Doppler to show anatomy and blood flow. Ultrasound is generated by piezoelectric crystals in the transducer that convert electrical signals to sound waves. Reflected sound waves are converted back to electrical signals to form images. Factors like frequency, amplitude, and wavelength determine image quality and depth of penetration. Ultrasound provides information on vessel structure and blood flow velocity through Doppler modes.
Mri spin echo pulse sequences its variations and
This document discusses various spin echo pulse sequences used in MRI and their applications. It begins by introducing spin echo pulse sequences and their use of RF pulses and gradients to manipulate proton behavior and generate contrast in images. It then describes conventional spin echo sequences and how different repetition times (TR) and echo times (TE) produce T1, proton density, and T2 weighting. Fast spin echo sequences are covered next, explaining how they reduce scan time by acquiring multiple echoes per TR. Inversion recovery sequences like STIR and FLAIR are also summarized, noting how they suppress signal from tissues like fat or CSF. The document concludes by listing some common pulse sequence parameters and their applications in MRI.
computed tomography
Computed tomography (CT) uses X-rays and computer processing to create cross-sectional images of the body. It was developed in the 1970s based on earlier work using X-rays and mathematical theories. CT provides detailed internal images without invasive surgery. It has become a standard medical imaging technique due to its high-resolution views of internal structures.
MRI
i. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body.
ii. MRI works by aligning hydrogen atoms in the body when placed in a strong magnetic field and using radio waves to stimulate them, producing a signal which is used to construct an image.
iii. Different tissues are distinguished in the images based on their different relaxation properties after exposure to the radiofrequency pulse, allowing for excellent soft tissue contrast.
MR reconstruction 101
The talk introduces basic MR reconstruction techniques and builds on towards multi-receive coil techniques and compressed sensing methods.
MRI Scanner, Instrumentation. MDIRT ST. Louis Bamenda, Nchanji Nkeh Keneth
The MRI Scanner; historical facts, Understanding Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, The Scanner componenets, Radiofrequency coils, the casing, types of MRI magnets, understanding the principle of superconductivity. MRI applications
Basics and Generations of computed tomography.pptx
This document summarizes the history and generations of computed tomography (CT) scans. It discusses 7 generations of CT scanners: 1) first generation used a translate-rotate motion with one detector, 2) second generation used translate-rotate with multiple detectors, 3) third generation used continuous rotate-rotate motion, 4) fourth generation used a rotate-fixed system with many detectors, 5) fifth generation could acquire data 10x faster, 6) sixth generation introduced spiral/helical scanning, and 7) seventh generation may use flat panel detectors. Each generation enabled faster scanning and improved imaging capabilities.
Electronic instrumentation in NMT
This presentation includes the electronical instrumentation of Radiiation detectors that are used in nuclear medicine
QC of CT using Catphan 600
The document discusses performance testing of a computer tomography (CT) scanner using various modules of the CATPHAN phantom. It provides instructions on how to use the different modules to test: [1] laser alignment accuracy, slice thickness accuracy, low contrast detectability, and uniformity; [2] patient alignment system accuracy and circular symmetry; [3] sensitometry and effects of changing kV. Proper phantom positioning and avoiding manual movement are emphasized to obtain reliable results.
mr angiography.pptx
MR angiography is a type of MRI scan that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to provide pictures of blood vessels without using a catheter. It has advantages over conventional angiography in that it is less invasive, less expensive, and faster. Disadvantages include not depicting small vessels or slow blood flow as well. There are various techniques used in MR angiography including contrast enhanced MRA, which uses gadolinium contrast to visualize vascular structures, and non-contrast MRA such as time-of-flight angiography and phase contrast angiography. Artifacts that can occur include metal artifacts from implanted devices and blooming artifacts around paramagnetic substances.
Fat suppression techniques in MRI
This document discusses techniques for fat suppression in MRI. It begins by explaining why fat suppression is useful for tissue characterization and contrast agent visualization. It then covers the molecular and magnetic properties that differ between fat and water, allowing various techniques to exploit these differences. The main techniques discussed are CHEMICAL SHIFT SELECTIVE (CHESS), WATER EXCITATION, DIXON, STIR, SPAIR, and SPIR. Each technique is explained in 1-2 sentences. The document concludes by comparing the techniques and discussing their common clinical applications.
Presentation1, mr pulse sequences.
MRI pulse sequences are programmed sets of changing magnetic gradients used to generate images. There are several types of sequences, including spin echo, gradient echo, and inversion recovery sequences. Sequences are defined by parameters like time to echo, time to repetition, and flip angle. Functional techniques like diffusion-weighted imaging, perfusion imaging, and fMRI are used to evaluate brain physiology rather than just anatomy. Echo planar imaging allows for very fast image acquisition, while other sequences like spin echo provide different types of tissue contrast.
Ct image quality artifacts and it remedy
CT images are digitally created from x-ray data and displayed as a matrix of pixel intensities representing tissue density. Image quality is affected by factors like spatial resolution, contrast resolution, noise, and artifacts. Spatial resolution depends on pixel size, slice thickness, reconstruction filter used and is measured by the ability to resolve small objects close together. Contrast resolution allows differentiating tissues with similar densities and depends on mAs, slice thickness, reconstruction filter and patient size. Artifacts degrade image quality and must be minimized.
SPIN ECHO SEQUENCES MRI PPT
This document discusses different types of spin echo pulse sequences used in MRI, including conventional spin echo, fast spin echo, inversion recovery, STIR, and FLAIR. It explains the mechanisms, parameters, advantages, disadvantages and uses of each type of sequence. Conventional spin echo uses a 90° excitation pulse followed by 180° rephasing pulses to generate spin echoes. Fast spin echo reduces scan time by using multiple 180° pulses to produce an echo train. Inversion recovery and STIR suppress the signal from fat, while FLAIR suppresses cerebrospinal fluid signal. Each sequence has different contrast weighting and applications in MRI exams.
Scanning systems, CT Scan
The document discusses different types of computed tomography (CT) scanners and their components. It describes several CT scanning systems including axial CT scanners, helical CT scanners, multislice CT scanners, and dual-source CT scanners. It also discusses factors that affect image quality and resolution in CT scans like radiation dose, reconstruction filters, and spatial resolution. The document outlines some purchase considerations for CT scanners and notes that facilities should upgrade capabilities over time to get higher quality images and avoid more expensive upgrades later. It presents stages of ongoing CT development including reduced radiation dose, improved image quality, and dual-energy CT capabilities.
Noçoes de mamografia
O documento fornece o currículo e as qualificações da Professora Renata Cristina, que inclui sua formação em Radiologia, Mamografia e Tomografia Computadorizada, assim como sua experiência profissional em unidades de saúde e como instrutora. O documento também apresenta informações técnicas sobre procedimentos de mamografia, equipamentos, anatomia da mama e patologias.
Planejamento 4D
O documento discute o planejamento 4D (3D + tempo) na construção civil. Ele explica como a modelagem 4D permite visualizar o desenvolvimento da obra ao longo do tempo de acordo com o cronograma, fornecendo uma visão mais realista da sequência de construção. Também apresenta exemplos de aplicações da modelagem 4D em projetos no Brasil e no exterior.
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BASIC MRI SEQUENCES
MR imaging uses hydrogen nuclei and their magnetic properties. When exposed to an external magnetic field, the nuclei precess at a frequency defined by the Larmor equation. Different tissues can be distinguished based on their relaxation times (T1, T2, T2*) after radiofrequency excitation. Sequence parameters like repetition time and echo time determine whether images are T1-weighted, T2-weighted, or proton density weighted.
Basic of ultrasound
Vascular ultrasound uses sound waves to image blood vessels. It combines real-time imaging (B-mode) with Doppler to show anatomy and blood flow. Ultrasound is generated by piezoelectric crystals in the transducer that convert electrical signals to sound waves. Reflected sound waves are converted back to electrical signals to form images. Factors like frequency, amplitude, and wavelength determine image quality and depth of penetration. Ultrasound provides information on vessel structure and blood flow velocity through Doppler modes.
Mri spin echo pulse sequences its variations and
This document discusses various spin echo pulse sequences used in MRI and their applications. It begins by introducing spin echo pulse sequences and their use of RF pulses and gradients to manipulate proton behavior and generate contrast in images. It then describes conventional spin echo sequences and how different repetition times (TR) and echo times (TE) produce T1, proton density, and T2 weighting. Fast spin echo sequences are covered next, explaining how they reduce scan time by acquiring multiple echoes per TR. Inversion recovery sequences like STIR and FLAIR are also summarized, noting how they suppress signal from tissues like fat or CSF. The document concludes by listing some common pulse sequence parameters and their applications in MRI.
computed tomography
Computed tomography (CT) uses X-rays and computer processing to create cross-sectional images of the body. It was developed in the 1970s based on earlier work using X-rays and mathematical theories. CT provides detailed internal images without invasive surgery. It has become a standard medical imaging technique due to its high-resolution views of internal structures.
MRI
i. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body.
ii. MRI works by aligning hydrogen atoms in the body when placed in a strong magnetic field and using radio waves to stimulate them, producing a signal which is used to construct an image.
iii. Different tissues are distinguished in the images based on their different relaxation properties after exposure to the radiofrequency pulse, allowing for excellent soft tissue contrast.
MR reconstruction 101
The talk introduces basic MR reconstruction techniques and builds on towards multi-receive coil techniques and compressed sensing methods.
MRI Scanner, Instrumentation. MDIRT ST. Louis Bamenda, Nchanji Nkeh Keneth
The MRI Scanner; historical facts, Understanding Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, The Scanner componenets, Radiofrequency coils, the casing, types of MRI magnets, understanding the principle of superconductivity. MRI applications
Basics and Generations of computed tomography.pptx
This document summarizes the history and generations of computed tomography (CT) scans. It discusses 7 generations of CT scanners: 1) first generation used a translate-rotate motion with one detector, 2) second generation used translate-rotate with multiple detectors, 3) third generation used continuous rotate-rotate motion, 4) fourth generation used a rotate-fixed system with many detectors, 5) fifth generation could acquire data 10x faster, 6) sixth generation introduced spiral/helical scanning, and 7) seventh generation may use flat panel detectors. Each generation enabled faster scanning and improved imaging capabilities.
Electronic instrumentation in NMT
This presentation includes the electronical instrumentation of Radiiation detectors that are used in nuclear medicine
QC of CT using Catphan 600
The document discusses performance testing of a computer tomography (CT) scanner using various modules of the CATPHAN phantom. It provides instructions on how to use the different modules to test: [1] laser alignment accuracy, slice thickness accuracy, low contrast detectability, and uniformity; [2] patient alignment system accuracy and circular symmetry; [3] sensitometry and effects of changing kV. Proper phantom positioning and avoiding manual movement are emphasized to obtain reliable results.
mr angiography.pptx
MR angiography is a type of MRI scan that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to provide pictures of blood vessels without using a catheter. It has advantages over conventional angiography in that it is less invasive, less expensive, and faster. Disadvantages include not depicting small vessels or slow blood flow as well. There are various techniques used in MR angiography including contrast enhanced MRA, which uses gadolinium contrast to visualize vascular structures, and non-contrast MRA such as time-of-flight angiography and phase contrast angiography. Artifacts that can occur include metal artifacts from implanted devices and blooming artifacts around paramagnetic substances.
Fat suppression techniques in MRI
This document discusses techniques for fat suppression in MRI. It begins by explaining why fat suppression is useful for tissue characterization and contrast agent visualization. It then covers the molecular and magnetic properties that differ between fat and water, allowing various techniques to exploit these differences. The main techniques discussed are CHEMICAL SHIFT SELECTIVE (CHESS), WATER EXCITATION, DIXON, STIR, SPAIR, and SPIR. Each technique is explained in 1-2 sentences. The document concludes by comparing the techniques and discussing their common clinical applications.
Presentation1, mr pulse sequences.
MRI pulse sequences are programmed sets of changing magnetic gradients used to generate images. There are several types of sequences, including spin echo, gradient echo, and inversion recovery sequences. Sequences are defined by parameters like time to echo, time to repetition, and flip angle. Functional techniques like diffusion-weighted imaging, perfusion imaging, and fMRI are used to evaluate brain physiology rather than just anatomy. Echo planar imaging allows for very fast image acquisition, while other sequences like spin echo provide different types of tissue contrast.
Ct image quality artifacts and it remedy
CT images are digitally created from x-ray data and displayed as a matrix of pixel intensities representing tissue density. Image quality is affected by factors like spatial resolution, contrast resolution, noise, and artifacts. Spatial resolution depends on pixel size, slice thickness, reconstruction filter used and is measured by the ability to resolve small objects close together. Contrast resolution allows differentiating tissues with similar densities and depends on mAs, slice thickness, reconstruction filter and patient size. Artifacts degrade image quality and must be minimized.
SPIN ECHO SEQUENCES MRI PPT
This document discusses different types of spin echo pulse sequences used in MRI, including conventional spin echo, fast spin echo, inversion recovery, STIR, and FLAIR. It explains the mechanisms, parameters, advantages, disadvantages and uses of each type of sequence. Conventional spin echo uses a 90° excitation pulse followed by 180° rephasing pulses to generate spin echoes. Fast spin echo reduces scan time by using multiple 180° pulses to produce an echo train. Inversion recovery and STIR suppress the signal from fat, while FLAIR suppresses cerebrospinal fluid signal. Each sequence has different contrast weighting and applications in MRI exams.
Scanning systems, CT Scan
The document discusses different types of computed tomography (CT) scanners and their components. It describes several CT scanning systems including axial CT scanners, helical CT scanners, multislice CT scanners, and dual-source CT scanners. It also discusses factors that affect image quality and resolution in CT scans like radiation dose, reconstruction filters, and spatial resolution. The document outlines some purchase considerations for CT scanners and notes that facilities should upgrade capabilities over time to get higher quality images and avoid more expensive upgrades later. It presents stages of ongoing CT development including reduced radiation dose, improved image quality, and dual-energy CT capabilities.
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O documento fornece o currículo e as qualificações da Professora Renata Cristina, que inclui sua formação em Radiologia, Mamografia e Tomografia Computadorizada, assim como sua experiência profissional em unidades de saúde e como instrutora. O documento também apresenta informações técnicas sobre procedimentos de mamografia, equipamentos, anatomia da mama e patologias.
Planejamento 4D
O documento discute o planejamento 4D (3D + tempo) na construção civil. Ele explica como a modelagem 4D permite visualizar o desenvolvimento da obra ao longo do tempo de acordo com o cronograma, fornecendo uma visão mais realista da sequência de construção. Também apresenta exemplos de aplicações da modelagem 4D em projetos no Brasil e no exterior.
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Mamografia
A mamografia foi desenvolvida ao longo do século XX, com Robert Egan reavivando o interesse na década de 1950 e Charles Gros inventando o primeiro protótipo de mamografia na década de 1960. Atualmente, a mamografia representa um importante exame de prevenção contra o câncer de mama, possibilitando a detecção de nódulos tão pequenos quanto 2mm.
Mamografia
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