Mr. Altaf Hussain (MQM) Founder & Leader with basic information, Vision, Mission and Leadership Style.
Prepared & Presented By Syed Minhaj Ur Rehman.
Preston University (Gulshan Campus).
PTI (Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf) is a political party founded in 1996 by former cricket captain Imran Khan. It has grown rapidly and established itself as one of Pakistan's mainstream parties. PTI promotes reforms such as strengthening education, healthcare, taxation, and combating corruption. It believes in an Islamic welfare state, social justice, and economic prosperity. PTI contests elections and boycotted the 2008 election, winning its first seat in 2002. In 2013, Khan launched an extensive campaign promoting a reform agenda. PTI focuses on issues such as education, healthcare, taxation, agriculture, economy, employment, and strengthening Pakistan's federation.
The document discusses the ethnic groups in Afghanistan, including the Hazara minority group. It notes that the Hazara face persecution, with over 1,100 Hazaras killed in attacks in Afghanistan and Pakistan in recent years. Specifically, 216 Hazaras were killed in attacks in Quetta, Pakistan in 2013 carried out by the terrorist organization Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, which is affiliated with Al-Qaeda and the Taliban. The document advocates raising awareness about the genocide of Hazaras and connecting with organizations working to help them.
The document provides an overview of the East Pakistan crisis leading up to the 1971 Indo-Pakistan war. It discusses the geographic challenges of East Pakistan, the political and cultural alienation of Bengalis, the Awami League's six point plan, the 1970 election results giving Awami League a majority, the postponement of the inaugural National Assembly session, the formation of Mukti Bahini supported by India, Operation Searchlight launched by Pakistan to curb Bengali nationalism, the casualties of the civil war, India's plan to support East Pakistan's secession, and the military imbalance between India and Pakistan forces in the 1971 war.
The document summarizes the key political events and causes of tensions that led to the separation of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) from Pakistan in 1971. It discusses:
1) Growing ethnic and economic tensions between East and West Pakistan since Pakistan's independence in 1947, with West Pakistan dominating political and economic power despite East Pakistan having a larger population.
2) The Awami League's electoral victory in 1970 based on its platform of greater autonomy for East Pakistan, and the military's refusal to convene the national assembly.
3) The breakdown of political negotiations in early 1971 and imposition of martial law in East Pakistan, leading to the Bangladesh Liberation War and its independence in December 1971.
The document summarizes the history and phases of the Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PMLN) political party. It describes the party's origins in the All India Muslim League before partition. It then outlines the party's three phases of achieving and holding power in the national government of Pakistan from 1990-1997, 1997-1999, and 2013-2017. However, on each occasion Nawaz Sharif's term as Prime Minister was cut short due to conflicts with other institutions like the President and military. Despite facing challenges, the PMLN under Nawaz Sharif accomplished significant infrastructure projects including the Metro bus network and supported the military's counterterrorism operation Zarb-e-Azb.
Relationship between pakistan and afghanistanBarkat12345
Pakistan and Afghanistan have a long shared history and border. They have close cultural and religious ties as neighboring Islamic countries. The Durand Line established the border between them in 1893. Pakistan is Afghanistan's largest trading partner under the 1950 Afghanistan-Pakistan Transit Trade Agreement. Both countries face security challenges and aim to strengthen economic cooperation.
This document provides information about the Pakistan Muslim League (N) or PML(N), including:
1) PML(N) is a center-right, fiscal conservative political party in Pakistan headed by former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.
2) PML(N) is the only party to receive a two-thirds majority in parliament through elections, which it achieved in 1997.
3) The document lists key leaders of PML(N) and provides background on the party's history and vision. It also includes several charts showing public opinion polling on topics related to PML(N) such as its popularity and perceptions of governance in Punjab province.
PTI (Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf) is a political party founded in 1996 by former cricket captain Imran Khan. It has grown rapidly and established itself as one of Pakistan's mainstream parties. PTI promotes reforms such as strengthening education, healthcare, taxation, and combating corruption. It believes in an Islamic welfare state, social justice, and economic prosperity. PTI contests elections and boycotted the 2008 election, winning its first seat in 2002. In 2013, Khan launched an extensive campaign promoting a reform agenda. PTI focuses on issues such as education, healthcare, taxation, agriculture, economy, employment, and strengthening Pakistan's federation.
The document discusses the ethnic groups in Afghanistan, including the Hazara minority group. It notes that the Hazara face persecution, with over 1,100 Hazaras killed in attacks in Afghanistan and Pakistan in recent years. Specifically, 216 Hazaras were killed in attacks in Quetta, Pakistan in 2013 carried out by the terrorist organization Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, which is affiliated with Al-Qaeda and the Taliban. The document advocates raising awareness about the genocide of Hazaras and connecting with organizations working to help them.
The document provides an overview of the East Pakistan crisis leading up to the 1971 Indo-Pakistan war. It discusses the geographic challenges of East Pakistan, the political and cultural alienation of Bengalis, the Awami League's six point plan, the 1970 election results giving Awami League a majority, the postponement of the inaugural National Assembly session, the formation of Mukti Bahini supported by India, Operation Searchlight launched by Pakistan to curb Bengali nationalism, the casualties of the civil war, India's plan to support East Pakistan's secession, and the military imbalance between India and Pakistan forces in the 1971 war.
The document summarizes the key political events and causes of tensions that led to the separation of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) from Pakistan in 1971. It discusses:
1) Growing ethnic and economic tensions between East and West Pakistan since Pakistan's independence in 1947, with West Pakistan dominating political and economic power despite East Pakistan having a larger population.
2) The Awami League's electoral victory in 1970 based on its platform of greater autonomy for East Pakistan, and the military's refusal to convene the national assembly.
3) The breakdown of political negotiations in early 1971 and imposition of martial law in East Pakistan, leading to the Bangladesh Liberation War and its independence in December 1971.
The document summarizes the history and phases of the Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PMLN) political party. It describes the party's origins in the All India Muslim League before partition. It then outlines the party's three phases of achieving and holding power in the national government of Pakistan from 1990-1997, 1997-1999, and 2013-2017. However, on each occasion Nawaz Sharif's term as Prime Minister was cut short due to conflicts with other institutions like the President and military. Despite facing challenges, the PMLN under Nawaz Sharif accomplished significant infrastructure projects including the Metro bus network and supported the military's counterterrorism operation Zarb-e-Azb.
Relationship between pakistan and afghanistanBarkat12345
Pakistan and Afghanistan have a long shared history and border. They have close cultural and religious ties as neighboring Islamic countries. The Durand Line established the border between them in 1893. Pakistan is Afghanistan's largest trading partner under the 1950 Afghanistan-Pakistan Transit Trade Agreement. Both countries face security challenges and aim to strengthen economic cooperation.
This document provides information about the Pakistan Muslim League (N) or PML(N), including:
1) PML(N) is a center-right, fiscal conservative political party in Pakistan headed by former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.
2) PML(N) is the only party to receive a two-thirds majority in parliament through elections, which it achieved in 1997.
3) The document lists key leaders of PML(N) and provides background on the party's history and vision. It also includes several charts showing public opinion polling on topics related to PML(N) such as its popularity and perceptions of governance in Punjab province.
This document provides background information on the disintegration of Pakistan and creation of Bangladesh. It discusses the post-partition difficulties Pakistan faced, the political situation in 1947, and the various constitutional drafts proposed between 1950-1956 that created tensions between East and West Pakistan over representation. It also outlines Mujibur Rahman's six points, the role of the Awami League, events during the eras of Ayub Khan and Yahya Khan, Operation Searchlight in 1971, the Bangladesh Liberation War, and the key causes of the separation including language controversies, economic disparity, the dominance of the West Pakistani ruling elite, and Indian support for Bangladeshi independence.
The document provides biographical information about Pervez Musharraf, the 10th President of Pakistan. It details that he was a four-star general in the Pakistan Army who seized control of the country in a bloodless coup in 1999. As President, he supported the US war on terror but faced increasing domestic opposition. Pressure grew due to the Taliban insurgency and US drone strikes in Pakistan, leading to his resignation in 2008.
The Kashmir dispute is a long-standing territorial conflict between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region. Kashmir is important to both countries for strategic reasons, including its water resources and proximity to key transportation routes. The conflict has led to multiple wars between India and Pakistan and remains a flashpoint for potential nuclear conflict in the region. Despite UN resolutions calling for a plebiscite to determine Kashmir's status, India has resisted allowing Kashmiris a vote for independence for over 55 years. The dispute remains unresolved and a serious threat to regional stability and security.
The document discusses the role and history of major political parties in Pakistan. It provides background information on each party, including the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N), Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q), Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), and Awami National Party (ANP). It notes that the PPP is the largest party and has been active since 1967, while the PML-N is the second biggest party led by Nawaz Sharif. The PTI was founded by Imran Khan in 1996 and has emerged as a counterweight to the PPP
General Pervez Musharraf served as President of Pakistan from 2001 to 2008. During his rule, he implemented several economic and social reforms. GDP and exports increased significantly. Investments and international trade also grew substantially. The poverty rate was halved and millions were lifted out of poverty. Education and health budgets increased, improving access to services. Women's rights advanced through new laws and representation in government. However, Musharraf's declaration of emergency rule in 2007 and actions like the Lal Masjid operation were controversial and weakened his support. He was forced to resign in 2008 and faced legal challenges after leaving office.
Pakistan peoples party democratic and socialist party- A brief HistoryZain Jadoon
Pakistan Peoples Party democratic and socialist party, complete 50 years in Pakistan politics with proving loyalty and honesty with Pakistan. PPP always work for public welfare.
Overview of Political Development in Pakistan zahid imran
Pakistan has experienced political instability since its independence in 1947. It transitioned through various forms of government including parliamentary democracy and military rule. Key leaders like Jinnah, Bhutto and Musharraf struggled to balance modern secular governance with conservative Islamic ideals. The military intervened several times when it viewed civilian governments as threatening the constitution or national security. Power struggles between secular and religious factions have continued to challenge Pakistan's political development.
The document discusses the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan from different perspectives. It provides background on the princely state of Kashmir and how it became part of India via an Instrument of Accession signed by its ruler. India sees Kashmir as an integral part of India based on this document, while Pakistan disputes the circumstances around its signing. Both countries have fought multiple wars over the region and continue to disagree on its status and governance. The document also notes China's claims to parts of Kashmir and outlines contentious policies like Article 370 and AFSPA that have fueled local unrest. It concludes by advocating for greater UN involvement to restore peace and respect for human rights in the disputed region.
ECONOMICAL REFORMS
Savings and Investments
Human capital development
Agriculture
Dams
Women Empowerment
1.Gross domestic product
Increased from $60billion to $170 billion
2.Domestic and foreign investements
Increased from $60 billion to $170billion
3.Exports
Tripled form $7billion to $22 billion
4.International trade
Increased from $20 billion to $60 billion
Foreign Policy
Aims of foreign policy of Pakistan
China and Pakistan’s Relations
Relationship’s History of Pakistan and America
India-Pakistan Relations
Kashmir Conflict
Pak-Afghan Relations
The document discusses obstacles and steps taken to improve relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Some initial obstacles included Afghanistan not recognizing Pakistan, a border dispute, Afghanistan supporting separatist movements in Pakistan and breaking diplomatic relations multiple times. However, both countries also took steps like high-level visits in 1956 and 1973 to improve relations. Pakistan also accommodated Afghan refugees and allowed transit access.
The document analyzes the current security situation of Pakistan. It identifies external threats such as embargoes imposed by the US, opposition from India to China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, and subversive activities supported by India, Afghanistan, and other countries. Internal threats include a lack of public awareness, weak political institutions, religious and ethnic divides, poverty, a poor education system, terrorism, and overpopulation. Recommendations include strengthening cooperation with China in defense and industry, revising education to promote skilled labor, increasing public political awareness, strengthening state institutions, improving foreign policy, and supporting local industry and security forces.
Political social and economic Reforms of zulfiqar Ali bhuttoAqdasNoor
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto introduced many political, economic, and social reforms during his time as President and later Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1971-1979. Some key reforms included nationalizing major industries, implementing land reforms, establishing rural health centers and education reforms like making primary education free. However, some of the economic reforms led to inefficiencies and high inflation over time. Bhutto sought to reduce inequality but some of his reforms were not effectively implemented and had unintended consequences for Pakistan's economy.
Nawaz Sharif served 3 terms as Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1990-1993, 1997-1999, and 2013-2017. His first term focused on economic reforms but was cut short due to tensions with the president. In his second term, he carried out nuclear tests in 1998 in response to India but was ousted by a military coup in 1999. His third and longest term saw both successes like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor as well as failures to resolve political tensions that led to his disqualification and end of his political career in 2017.
Pak-Afghan Relations in post 9-11 era: A case study of Durand line security b...Bilal yousaf
This document outlines the history of relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan from Pakistan's independence in 1947 to the post-9/11 era. It discusses the tensions caused by the disputed Durand Line border and Afghanistan's claims over Pashtun areas in Pakistan. The relations progressed through phases of hostility over the border issues, cooperation against the Soviet invasion, civil war after the Soviets withdrew, Taliban rule with Pakistani support, and renewed tensions after 9/11 when Pakistan joined the US in fighting terrorists along the border. The document argues that securing the border and increasing cultural exchange could help resolve tensions, while a peaceful dialogue is needed to settle disputes over the Durand Line.
The document discusses the Balochistan issue in Pakistan. It provides background information on Balochistan, noting that it is the largest but most underdeveloped province. It identifies several key causes of conflict, including deprivation, lack of basic facilities and infrastructure, injustice, and lack of representation of Baloch culture. The current situation is described as worse due to ongoing conflict between security forces and Baloch insurgent groups, killings, lack of development, and missing persons. Solutions proposed include trust-building, fulfilling demands, providing justice, education, jobs, spending on development, and negotiations with Baloch fighters.
The document summarizes Pakistani political history from 1988-2008, including periods of democratic rule and military rule. It discusses the tenures of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif as Prime Ministers from 1988-1990, 1990-1993, 1993-1996, and 1997-1999. It also covers the military rule of Pervez Musharraf from 1999-2007. Key events included Zia-ul-Haq's death in 1988, various elections and dismissals of Bhutto and Sharif's governments, and periods of caretaker rule.
Pervez Musharraf was born in 1943 in Delhi and became the Army Chief of Staff of Pakistan in 1998. In 1999, he carried out a bloodless coup and became the President of Pakistan. As President, he instituted several economic reforms that increased GDP, exports, education and healthcare. However, his suspension of the Chief Justice in 2007 and declining public approval led to his resignation in 2008 after nearly 9 years in power.
The document discusses the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan over control of the Kashmir region. It provides background on the history and division of Kashmir, positions of India and Pakistan, and UN involvement. The UN has brokered ceasefires but an attempted plebiscite to determine Kashmir's status has been delayed. The document proposes that the UN take a more proactive role by encouraging normalized relations between India and Pakistan and providing peacekeeping forces to secure borders and prevent militant movement.
The document provides information about group members for a project and includes essays about Pakistan's former President Ayub Khan and the reforms he introduced. It lists 6 group members and their student IDs. There are essays about Ayub Khan's early life and career, how he declared martial law in 1958, and the legal, economic, educational, agricultural, trade and foreign policy reforms he introduced as President from 1958-1969.
The document discusses efforts to standardize translation quality metrics. It describes how the Dynamic Quality Framework (DQF) error typology has been aligned with and incorporated into the Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) framework. MQM is an open, customizable framework that aims to define translation quality metrics in a consistent way. The DQF and MQM frameworks are now being used together in projects funded by the European Union to help analyze machine translation errors and benchmark translation quality in a standardized manner.
This document is a collection of humorous mistranslations and misspellings from signs and notices in various Chinese cities. It includes unintentionally amusing phrases like "Order From Building?", "Children made in China", "Cut The Foot", "What's That?", "MEAT!", "Dying? Corporation?", "'Rope' NOT 'Rape'", and "'Special Dish?'" The author compiled these examples of "Chinglish" to show that even in mistakes, there can be lessons learned and opportunities to find humor.
This document provides background information on the disintegration of Pakistan and creation of Bangladesh. It discusses the post-partition difficulties Pakistan faced, the political situation in 1947, and the various constitutional drafts proposed between 1950-1956 that created tensions between East and West Pakistan over representation. It also outlines Mujibur Rahman's six points, the role of the Awami League, events during the eras of Ayub Khan and Yahya Khan, Operation Searchlight in 1971, the Bangladesh Liberation War, and the key causes of the separation including language controversies, economic disparity, the dominance of the West Pakistani ruling elite, and Indian support for Bangladeshi independence.
The document provides biographical information about Pervez Musharraf, the 10th President of Pakistan. It details that he was a four-star general in the Pakistan Army who seized control of the country in a bloodless coup in 1999. As President, he supported the US war on terror but faced increasing domestic opposition. Pressure grew due to the Taliban insurgency and US drone strikes in Pakistan, leading to his resignation in 2008.
The Kashmir dispute is a long-standing territorial conflict between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region. Kashmir is important to both countries for strategic reasons, including its water resources and proximity to key transportation routes. The conflict has led to multiple wars between India and Pakistan and remains a flashpoint for potential nuclear conflict in the region. Despite UN resolutions calling for a plebiscite to determine Kashmir's status, India has resisted allowing Kashmiris a vote for independence for over 55 years. The dispute remains unresolved and a serious threat to regional stability and security.
The document discusses the role and history of major political parties in Pakistan. It provides background information on each party, including the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N), Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q), Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), and Awami National Party (ANP). It notes that the PPP is the largest party and has been active since 1967, while the PML-N is the second biggest party led by Nawaz Sharif. The PTI was founded by Imran Khan in 1996 and has emerged as a counterweight to the PPP
General Pervez Musharraf served as President of Pakistan from 2001 to 2008. During his rule, he implemented several economic and social reforms. GDP and exports increased significantly. Investments and international trade also grew substantially. The poverty rate was halved and millions were lifted out of poverty. Education and health budgets increased, improving access to services. Women's rights advanced through new laws and representation in government. However, Musharraf's declaration of emergency rule in 2007 and actions like the Lal Masjid operation were controversial and weakened his support. He was forced to resign in 2008 and faced legal challenges after leaving office.
Pakistan peoples party democratic and socialist party- A brief HistoryZain Jadoon
Pakistan Peoples Party democratic and socialist party, complete 50 years in Pakistan politics with proving loyalty and honesty with Pakistan. PPP always work for public welfare.
Overview of Political Development in Pakistan zahid imran
Pakistan has experienced political instability since its independence in 1947. It transitioned through various forms of government including parliamentary democracy and military rule. Key leaders like Jinnah, Bhutto and Musharraf struggled to balance modern secular governance with conservative Islamic ideals. The military intervened several times when it viewed civilian governments as threatening the constitution or national security. Power struggles between secular and religious factions have continued to challenge Pakistan's political development.
The document discusses the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan from different perspectives. It provides background on the princely state of Kashmir and how it became part of India via an Instrument of Accession signed by its ruler. India sees Kashmir as an integral part of India based on this document, while Pakistan disputes the circumstances around its signing. Both countries have fought multiple wars over the region and continue to disagree on its status and governance. The document also notes China's claims to parts of Kashmir and outlines contentious policies like Article 370 and AFSPA that have fueled local unrest. It concludes by advocating for greater UN involvement to restore peace and respect for human rights in the disputed region.
ECONOMICAL REFORMS
Savings and Investments
Human capital development
Agriculture
Dams
Women Empowerment
1.Gross domestic product
Increased from $60billion to $170 billion
2.Domestic and foreign investements
Increased from $60 billion to $170billion
3.Exports
Tripled form $7billion to $22 billion
4.International trade
Increased from $20 billion to $60 billion
Foreign Policy
Aims of foreign policy of Pakistan
China and Pakistan’s Relations
Relationship’s History of Pakistan and America
India-Pakistan Relations
Kashmir Conflict
Pak-Afghan Relations
The document discusses obstacles and steps taken to improve relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Some initial obstacles included Afghanistan not recognizing Pakistan, a border dispute, Afghanistan supporting separatist movements in Pakistan and breaking diplomatic relations multiple times. However, both countries also took steps like high-level visits in 1956 and 1973 to improve relations. Pakistan also accommodated Afghan refugees and allowed transit access.
The document analyzes the current security situation of Pakistan. It identifies external threats such as embargoes imposed by the US, opposition from India to China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, and subversive activities supported by India, Afghanistan, and other countries. Internal threats include a lack of public awareness, weak political institutions, religious and ethnic divides, poverty, a poor education system, terrorism, and overpopulation. Recommendations include strengthening cooperation with China in defense and industry, revising education to promote skilled labor, increasing public political awareness, strengthening state institutions, improving foreign policy, and supporting local industry and security forces.
Political social and economic Reforms of zulfiqar Ali bhuttoAqdasNoor
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto introduced many political, economic, and social reforms during his time as President and later Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1971-1979. Some key reforms included nationalizing major industries, implementing land reforms, establishing rural health centers and education reforms like making primary education free. However, some of the economic reforms led to inefficiencies and high inflation over time. Bhutto sought to reduce inequality but some of his reforms were not effectively implemented and had unintended consequences for Pakistan's economy.
Nawaz Sharif served 3 terms as Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1990-1993, 1997-1999, and 2013-2017. His first term focused on economic reforms but was cut short due to tensions with the president. In his second term, he carried out nuclear tests in 1998 in response to India but was ousted by a military coup in 1999. His third and longest term saw both successes like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor as well as failures to resolve political tensions that led to his disqualification and end of his political career in 2017.
Pak-Afghan Relations in post 9-11 era: A case study of Durand line security b...Bilal yousaf
This document outlines the history of relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan from Pakistan's independence in 1947 to the post-9/11 era. It discusses the tensions caused by the disputed Durand Line border and Afghanistan's claims over Pashtun areas in Pakistan. The relations progressed through phases of hostility over the border issues, cooperation against the Soviet invasion, civil war after the Soviets withdrew, Taliban rule with Pakistani support, and renewed tensions after 9/11 when Pakistan joined the US in fighting terrorists along the border. The document argues that securing the border and increasing cultural exchange could help resolve tensions, while a peaceful dialogue is needed to settle disputes over the Durand Line.
The document discusses the Balochistan issue in Pakistan. It provides background information on Balochistan, noting that it is the largest but most underdeveloped province. It identifies several key causes of conflict, including deprivation, lack of basic facilities and infrastructure, injustice, and lack of representation of Baloch culture. The current situation is described as worse due to ongoing conflict between security forces and Baloch insurgent groups, killings, lack of development, and missing persons. Solutions proposed include trust-building, fulfilling demands, providing justice, education, jobs, spending on development, and negotiations with Baloch fighters.
The document summarizes Pakistani political history from 1988-2008, including periods of democratic rule and military rule. It discusses the tenures of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif as Prime Ministers from 1988-1990, 1990-1993, 1993-1996, and 1997-1999. It also covers the military rule of Pervez Musharraf from 1999-2007. Key events included Zia-ul-Haq's death in 1988, various elections and dismissals of Bhutto and Sharif's governments, and periods of caretaker rule.
Pervez Musharraf was born in 1943 in Delhi and became the Army Chief of Staff of Pakistan in 1998. In 1999, he carried out a bloodless coup and became the President of Pakistan. As President, he instituted several economic reforms that increased GDP, exports, education and healthcare. However, his suspension of the Chief Justice in 2007 and declining public approval led to his resignation in 2008 after nearly 9 years in power.
The document discusses the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan over control of the Kashmir region. It provides background on the history and division of Kashmir, positions of India and Pakistan, and UN involvement. The UN has brokered ceasefires but an attempted plebiscite to determine Kashmir's status has been delayed. The document proposes that the UN take a more proactive role by encouraging normalized relations between India and Pakistan and providing peacekeeping forces to secure borders and prevent militant movement.
The document provides information about group members for a project and includes essays about Pakistan's former President Ayub Khan and the reforms he introduced. It lists 6 group members and their student IDs. There are essays about Ayub Khan's early life and career, how he declared martial law in 1958, and the legal, economic, educational, agricultural, trade and foreign policy reforms he introduced as President from 1958-1969.
The document discusses efforts to standardize translation quality metrics. It describes how the Dynamic Quality Framework (DQF) error typology has been aligned with and incorporated into the Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) framework. MQM is an open, customizable framework that aims to define translation quality metrics in a consistent way. The DQF and MQM frameworks are now being used together in projects funded by the European Union to help analyze machine translation errors and benchmark translation quality in a standardized manner.
This document is a collection of humorous mistranslations and misspellings from signs and notices in various Chinese cities. It includes unintentionally amusing phrases like "Order From Building?", "Children made in China", "Cut The Foot", "What's That?", "MEAT!", "Dying? Corporation?", "'Rope' NOT 'Rape'", and "'Special Dish?'" The author compiled these examples of "Chinglish" to show that even in mistakes, there can be lessons learned and opportunities to find humor.
Youth Revolutionist of Pakistan ... Mr Altaf HussainALLABOUTMQM
APMSO & MQM The Youth Revolution of Pakistan.
Altaf Hussain, The Founder & Leader Of APMSO & MQM
Born -- 17 September 1953
Glorious Achievements as the only Youth Revolutionist of Pakistan
25 Years – APMSO Formation – 11 June 1978
26 Years – Khidmat E Khalq Committee – 1979
31 Years – MQM Foundation – 18 March 1984
34 Years – Great Victory in Local Bodies Election – 1987
[Unoppossed Mayors in Karachi & Hyderabad]
35 Years – Grand Victory in General Elections – 1988
[MPA, MNA, Senator, Ministers]
The Story of Gin, Spider Jerusalem, and Gilbert JacquetDoc Nerd
- Gilbert Jacquet and Spider Jerusalem get into a heated argument and fight while visiting Gin and her adopted son Billy. They repeatedly poke and slap each other, growing angrier over time.
- The fight escalates until Gilbert slaps Spider hard across the face. Offended by being slapped for the first time, Spider leaves in a huff while Gilbert also departs due to the smell.
- Though the two sims leave angry, their host Gin remains cheerful, hoping they will both return to visit again in the future.
Aishwarya Rai Bachchan is an Indian actress and former Miss World winner from 1994. She began her career as a model before starting her acting career. Some of her most notable roles include Iruvar, Jeans, Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam, Devdas, Dhoom 2, Guru, and Jodhaa Akbar. These performances earned her critical acclaim and multiple Best Actress awards. She has established herself as one of the leading actresses in Indian cinema, having acted in over 40 films in Hindi, English, Tamil, and Bengali languages.
A Chinese cartoon artist copied the likeness of Indian actress Aishwarya Rai in the style of Julia Roberts. The artist emailed the creator of the cartoon to India on September 9th, 2010 from China. The cartoon depicts Aishwarya Rai in 12 panels, exaggerating her facial features.
Aishwarya Rai is an Indian actress born in 1973 in Mangalore, Karnataka. She has great faith in God and her friends. Aishwarya is considered one of the most beautiful women in the world.
Saladin was born in 1137 in Tikrit, Iraq and spent his early years in Baalbek and Damascus. He was educated in Islamic teachings and trained as a military leader under Nur al-Din. In 1164 and 1169, Saladin helped his uncle with military expeditions against Crusaders and Shiite adversaries. He was later given control of Egypt. From 1174-1193, Saladin conquered territories including Damascus, Aleppo, Mosul, and recaptured Jerusalem in 1187, which sparked the Third Crusade. After establishing control over much of the region, Saladin died of a fever in 1193.
The document discusses the political situation in Pakistan, focusing on the rivalry between Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and opposition leaders Imran Khan and Tahirul Qadri. Khan and Qadri have led large protests in Islamabad demanding Sharif's resignation due to allegations of election rigging. The protests have led to deaths and the arrest of over 100 protesters. The military, led by Army Chief Raheel Sharif, is playing a mediating role and has urged both sides to refrain from violence. However, the political situation remains uncertain.
Customer service can be challenging but also amusing at times. This article provides a few lighthearted jokes and amusing anecdotes related to humorous customer service interactions. The jokes poke fun at unrealistic customer demands and expectations in a brief and entertaining format.
This document lists the top 10 hottest actresses in Bollywood, ranking Vidya Balan as number 1, followed by Kareena Kapoor at number 2, and Priyanka Chopra at number 3. It provides a brief ranking of the top 10 hottest actresses, from Vidya Balan at number 1 to Sonam Kapoor at number 10.
The document discusses the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a $46 billion investment in Pakistani infrastructure and energy projects. CPEC will improve connectivity between China and Pakistan through upgrades to roads, railways, and energy infrastructure. It aims to transform Pakistan into a regional economic hub, providing China access to the Middle East and reducing dependence on the Strait of Malacca. However, CPEC also faces security issues due to separatist groups in Balochistan and opposition from India, which views it as exacerbating the conflict over Kashmir.
Pakistan has a long history of political instability due to factors such as corruption, the role of the military in politics, weak opposition, and media involvement in politics rather than policy issues. Major political parties include PML-N, PPP, PTI, PML-Q, ANP, JI, and MQM. Corruption is widespread, with politicians seen as the biggest source of graft. The military has intervened directly in politics and governance on multiple occasions over the decades. Opposition parties focus more on gaining power than solving public problems. Media advancement depends on the type of civilian or military government but it also prioritizes political battles over policy.
Saladin, Muslim military hero,Ayyubids Dinasty,Saladin & the Crusaders , Elnara Miriam Mehdiyeva
Saladin was a prominent Muslim military leader in the late 12th century who unified Egypt and parts of the Middle East. He defeated the Crusaders at the Battle of Hattin in 1187, recapturing Jerusalem for Muslim rule. Though he faced ongoing conflicts with European Crusaders, Saladin was praised for his leadership, military prowess, and mercy towards captives by both Islamic/Arabic and Western cultures. The document discusses his background, achievements unifying the Ayyubid dynasty, battles against the Crusaders, and lasting popularity in history.
The document analyzes the benefits and challenges of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project. CPEC is a $51 billion investment that aims to connect China and Pakistan through infrastructure projects like roads, railways and pipelines. It is expected to rapidly expand Pakistan's infrastructure and deepen economic ties with China. The project will create 700,000 jobs in Pakistan and boost annual economic growth by 2-2.5 percentage points. However, political unrest, security issues, and objections from some Pakistani political parties pose challenges to its successful completion.
The document discusses the Panama Papers leak of 2016, which revealed over 11 million confidential documents from the Panamanian law firm Mossack Fonseca. The leak exposed how the rich and powerful used offshore companies to launder money, evade taxes, and hide wealth. Politicians and public officials from over 200 countries were implicated in the leak, including the Prime Ministers of Iceland and Pakistan. The leak sparked worldwide protests, investigations, and some high-profile political resignations.
This document discusses managing ethnic diversity and federalism in Pakistan. It begins by defining ethnicity and federalism. It then discusses the various ethnic groups in Pakistan's provinces, including Punjabis, Sindhis, Balochs, Pashtuns, and others. It notes that ethnic tensions and separatist movements have occurred, such as the Bengali separation from Pakistan in 1971. The document also examines regionalist movements among the Pashtuns, Sindhis, Mohajirs, and Baloch people. It concludes that Pakistan operates more as a unitary system rather than a true federal system, and that managing diversity requires political negotiation and strengthening democracy.
This document contains biographical information about Altaf Husain, a British Pakistani politician and founder of Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) political party. It outlines that he was born in 1953 in Karachi, Pakistan. He received his early education and higher degrees in pharmacy from universities in Karachi. He has been arrested multiple times in relation to his political activities between 1979-1987. The document also mentions some of his political stances, including standing for equal rights and tolerance, as well as warning against the growing influence of the Taliban in Karachi.
This document summarizes several influential historical figures including Bhagat Kabir, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Christopher Paul Gardner, Akbar the Great, and Mother Teresa. It provides biographical details and highlights of each person's life work, including Kabir's emphasis on equality and fraternity, Bhutto's formation of Pakistan's first mass political party, Gardner's struggle with homelessness while raising his son, Akbar's religious tolerance as Mughal emperor, and Mother Teresa's life dedicated to serving the poor in Calcutta.
Quiz Master mohammed bilal is a student of btech civil at AMU
It was his first attempt at hosting the quiz and it was awesome having these lovely questions
This document provides an overview of Pakistan Studies for a BS-4 year program. It covers several chapters on the historical perspective and ideological rationale of Pakistan including the two-nation theory and the role of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. It then discusses the people and land of Pakistan, the political and constitutional development of Pakistan from independence to modern day, economic and social issues, and relations with neighboring countries and superpowers. The document contains course outlines, chapter summaries, exercises and an appendix on additional topics related to Pakistani society, culture, and foreign policy.
Awami Tahreek - Sindh Long March-Raja Jee Article-02guestcb7007f
Awami Tahreek’s 46 days historical Long March from Kandhkot to Karachi for Autonomy, NFC, Water, Education and Resources and Rights of Sindh and against Corruption, Lawlessness, Terrorism, Unemployment and man-made Inflation
This document provides biographical information about several important figures in India's independence movement:
- Mahatma Gandhi, who pioneered satyagraha or non-violent civil disobedience and led India to independence.
- Subhash Chandra Bose, Jawaharlal Nehru, Bhagat Singh, and other leaders who fought for India's freedom from British rule through both non-violent and more militant means.
- Key figures like Rajendra Prasad, Lal Bahadur Shastri, and Vallabhbhai Patel who played prominent roles in the independence struggle and early governance of independent India.
The document profiles 18 great personalities from history including Ibn Sina, Abdul Sattar Eidhi, Pythagoras, Al-Khwarizmi, John Mitchell, Babur, Zakir Naik, MS Dhoni, Muniba Mazari, Jack Ma, Karoly Takacs, Martin Luther King, Walt Disney, Lionel Messi, Muhammad Mahmood Alam, Aitzaz Hassan Bangash, Dr. Ruth Pfau, and Hafiz Naveed Ahsan. It provides brief biographical information on each person such as their date of birth, major accomplishments, and impact.
Farman Kakar is a professor at Air University Islamabad who was interviewed about Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He discussed that Jinnah worked hard from a young age, including being enrolled in school at age 6. Jinnah was born in Karachi to a family with Hindu cultural names, but he was given the name "Jinnah." Jinnah had two marriages, his first wife Emibai and second wife Rattanbai Petit, with whom he had a daughter Dina who now lives in England. Jinnah was inspired by fellow politician Dada Bhai Naroji. Jinnah played a key role in the independence movement and creation of Pakistan as a separate state for Muslims in British India. He served
Jaideep saikia islamic militancy in north-east indiaIndiaInspires
The document discusses the growth of Muslim population and illegal immigration in Assam, and the associated security issues. It notes that Burmese invaders destroyed Assam's structure in 1829, the Army captured Goalpara by 1921, and over half a million Bengalis transplanted to Assam. The Muslim population grew from 2 million in 1901 to over 3 million by 1941. Illegal immigration continues to turn districts Muslim-majority and reduce indigenous Assamese to minorities in their own land. Militant activities and support from Pakistan-based groups like ISI and DGFI are also discussed.
Choudhary Rehmat Ali was a Pakistani nationalist who is considered the founder of the Pakistan Movement. In 1933, while a student at Cambridge University, he published a pamphlet called "Now or Never" where he coined the name "Pakistan" and proposed that it be a separate homeland for Muslims in South Asia consisting of Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Kashmir, Sindh, and Balochistan. His proposal gained acceptance in the 1940s and led to the passing of the Pakistan Resolution and eventual creation of Pakistan in 1947. However, Ali was disappointed that the new country was smaller than he envisioned and was expelled from Pakistan in 1948 by Prime Minister Liaqat Ali Khan. He
- Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi was a noted Indian journalist, writer and freedom fighter from Uttar Pradesh.
- He founded the revolutionary weekly newspaper 'Pratap' in 1913 which championed the causes of peasants, workers and the oppressed.
- He was imprisoned multiple times between 1920-1929 for his involvement in the nationalist movement.
- He played an active role in the Home Rule Movement and workers strikes.
- Vidyarthi was murdered in 1931 in Kanpur during communal riots while trying to restore peace.
ROLE OF QUAID-E- AZAM IN PAKISTAN MOVEMENT.pptxsaberbouzara
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah played a pivotal role in leading the Pakistan movement and establishing Pakistan as a separate homeland for Indian Muslims. As the leader of the All India Muslim League from 1913, he came to believe that Hindus and Muslims constituted two distinct nations and could not live together in an independent United India. His leadership led to the passing of the Lahore Resolution in 1940 which called for independent states for Muslims. Jinnah's negotiations and later rejection of proposals that did not support Muslim interests reinforced the demand for a separate Muslim state. He was subsequently recognized as the sole representative of India's Muslims and led the Muslim League to victory in the 1946 elections. Jinnah served as Pakistan's first governor general after independence
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah played a pivotal role in establishing Pakistan as a separate homeland for Indian Muslims. He led the Pakistan Movement from the early 1900s, first seeking to protect Muslim rights and representation within a united India. When it became clear that Hindus and Muslims could not live together in one nation, Jinnah championed the Two Nation Theory and demanded a separate Muslim state through his Fourteen Points and as president of the All India Muslim League. His leadership and political acumen helped achieve the historic creation of Pakistan in 1947.
Kashmir is India’s only Muslim majority territory
India accuses Pakistan of waging a proxy war by arming militants
Jammu’s population is 2/3 Hindu
Kashmiris never voted; extremists/separatists were born
Why did the U.S. adopt Pakistan as its ally?
A Comparative Essay On Non-Violence PhilosophySheila Sinclair
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Martin Luther King Jr. were prominent 20th century leaders who advocated for non-violence. Khan founded movements in India to educate and empower Muslims to resist British rule through non-cooperation and civil disobedience. He spent time in prison for his activism. King led the American civil rights movement and organized massive protests, giving his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech. Both men believed in using peaceful means to enact social change and avoiding violence, instead seeking to change minds and hearts through moral persuasion. They fought for freedom and equality through non-violent resistance.
The Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (SSP) is a Sunni Islamist militant group that was formed in 1985 to counter Shi'a Muslim influence in Pakistan. It has gone through several name changes due to government bans. The SSP aims to make Pakistan an exclusively Sunni state and considers Shi'as to be non-Muslims. It receives funding from Gulf states and engages in both political and violent activities, especially targeting Pakistan's Shi'a minority.
The ideology of Pakistan is based on Islamic principles and the two-nation theory, which argues that Hindus and Muslims are two distinct nations. Key figures like Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Muhammad Ali Jinnah advocated for this ideology, with Jinnah being a firm supporter of the two-nation theory and desiring a separate Muslim homeland where Islamic principles could be practiced. The founding of Pakistan realized this ideology and vision of a state for Muslims based on Islamic ideals.
The document provides a summary of the historic struggle for Pakistan from 1857 to 1947. It outlines key events and movements that led to the demand for an independent Muslim state, including the War of Independence in 1857, the establishment of the All India Muslim League in 1906, and the Pakistan Resolution of 1940. It describes the growing political awakening and separate electoral demands of Muslims in British India amid rising Hindu nationalism and the failure to protect Muslim political and economic interests within a united India. The summary culminates with the partition of India and emergence of Pakistan as an independent homeland for South Asian Muslims in 1947.
The document summarizes the historic struggle for Pakistan between 1857-1947. It outlines key events and movements that led to the establishment of Pakistan as an independent state, including the War of Independence in 1857, the work of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan to rehabilitate Muslims after the war, anti-Muslim movements and policies, the establishment of the All India Muslim League, the Pakistan Resolution of 1940, and the division of British India into India and Pakistan in 1947. It provides context around the ideological basis for Pakistan as a separate homeland for Muslims of South Asia.
This document provides an introduction to the topic of religion and politics in Pakistan. It discusses how both modernists and traditionalists have used Islam to further their political objectives. It explores how Islam was incorporated into Pakistan's founding and early governments under Bhutto, and the increased Islamization under Zia. The introduction examines different scholarly perspectives on these issues from authors like Wilfred Cantwell Smith and Keith Callard. It establishes that while Islam played a role in Pakistan's creation, the specific role it would play in the new state was unclear. Both modernists and traditionalists have interpreted Islam differently and sought to influence politics and policy.
Similar to Mr. Altaf Hussain (MQM) Founder & Leader with Leadership Style. (20)
Comparing Stability and Sustainability in Agile SystemsRob Healy
Copy of the presentation given at XP2024 based on a research paper.
In this paper we explain wat overwork is and the physical and mental health risks associated with it.
We then explore how overwork relates to system stability and inventory.
Finally there is a call to action for Team Leads / Scrum Masters / Managers to measure and monitor excess work for individual teams.
Originally presented at XP2024 Bolzano
While agile has entered the post-mainstream age, possibly losing its mojo along the way, the rise of remote working is dealing a more severe blow than its industrialization.
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4. DATE OF BIRTH AND LOCATION
KARACHIKARACHI
1717THTH
SEPTEMBER, 1953.SEPTEMBER, 1953.
KARACHI, PAKISTANKARACHI, PAKISTAN
5. FAMILY BACKGROUND
Quaid’s Mother Name IsQuaid’s Mother Name Is Khurshid Begum.Khurshid Begum.
Quaid’s Father Name IsQuaid’s Father Name Is Nazir HusainNazir Husain..
Quaid’s HaveQuaid’s Have FourFour Sisters AndSisters And SevenSeven Brothers.Brothers.
His Parents Both Belonged To Religious Families
Of Agra, The City In Utter Pradesh State Of Indian
Known For Wonderful Taj Mahal.
6. PERSONAL DATA
NATIONALITYNATIONALITY :: British non resident Pakistani.British non resident Pakistani.
POLITICAL PARTY :POLITICAL PARTY : Mutahida Qaumi MovementMutahida Qaumi Movement
SPOUSE :SPOUSE : Faiza Altaf ( divorced)Faiza Altaf ( divorced)
CHILDREN :CHILDREN : Afzaa AltafAfzaa Altaf
PRESENT RESIDENCE :PRESENT RESIDENCE : London, United KingdomLondon, United Kingdom
OCCUPATION :OCCUPATION : Politician.Politician.
RELEGION :RELEGION : IslamIslam
7. EDUCATION
EARLY EDUCATION:EARLY EDUCATION: Govt school azizabad No 8 karachi.Govt school azizabad No 8 karachi.
MATRICULATION:MATRICULATION: Govt boys secondary school 1969.Govt boys secondary school 1969.
INTERMEDIATE:INTERMEDIATE: City college karachi in 1971 (Pre-Medical/Science)City college karachi in 1971 (Pre-Medical/Science)
BACHELOR DEGREE:BACHELOR DEGREE: Islamia Science College (Karachi) in 1974Islamia Science College (Karachi) in 1974
(Pharmacy) .(Pharmacy) .
MASTER DEGREE:MASTER DEGREE: University of karachi in 1979 (Pharmacy) .University of karachi in 1979 (Pharmacy) .
8. EARLY LIFE
Husain worked for a multi-national pharmaceuticalHusain worked for a multi-national pharmaceutical
company. Between 1970 and 1971.company. Between 1970 and 1971.
He joined the National Service Cadet Scheme.He joined the National Service Cadet Scheme.
He also joined the Baloch Regiment of Pakistan Army.He also joined the Baloch Regiment of Pakistan Army.
9. POLITICAL CAREER
General Secretary and President of the National Student’s ActionGeneral Secretary and President of the National Student’s Action
Committee at Karachi University.Committee at Karachi University.
Foundation of APMSO (All Pakistan Mohajir Student Organization)Foundation of APMSO (All Pakistan Mohajir Student Organization)
on 11on 11thth
June 1978.June 1978.
After then MQM (Muhajir Quami Movement) on 18After then MQM (Muhajir Quami Movement) on 18thth
March 1984 .March 1984 .
12. POLITICAL VIEWS
• STANDING FOR : Equal rights and opportunities.
• STRIVE FOR : Tolerance and Religious and to opposite
terrorism.
• HUSAIN DESIRES: To had peace between India and Pakistan.
13. Hussain returned to Pakistan on 21th
December 1991 to London.
The terrorists attacked his car with a hand grenade but the
grenade exploded in the terrorist's hand and he died on the
spot.
ASSASSINATION ATTENPT
14.
15. LEADERSHIP STYLE OF ALTAF HUSSAIN
CHARISMATIC:
Charismatic leaders are essentially very skilled communicators.
Able to communicate to followers on a deep, emotional level.
AUTOCRATIC:
Limited time for decision making.
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