- This document proposes a community-based participatory research project in Cleveland's Central neighborhood to address barriers to healthy food access and cooking education.
- The project will use CBPR principles to form a community advisory board who will lead all phases of the research and intervention design. Surveys, interviews, photovoice, and focus groups will assess food access and design an appropriate cooking education program.
- The 18-month project will have two phases - developing partnerships and needs assessment in the first year, then implementing and evaluating the cooking education program in the second year. Community members will be hired and trained to lead data collection, analysis, and program implementation.
This presentation was given at the International Family Planning conference in Kampala, Uganda in November 2009 by IRH Georgetown and the Extending Service Delivery (ESD) Project.
This presentation was given at the International Family Planning conference in Kampala, Uganda in November 2009 by IRH Georgetown and the Extending Service Delivery (ESD) Project.
The Role Of Community-Based Organizations in Achieving Population Health GoalsDan Wellisch
Marc Rosen discusses how the YMCA participates in keeping the population healthy. He presented to our group found here.: https://www.meetup.com/Chicago-Technology-For-Value-Based-Healthcare-Meetup/
Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Communities and Health Systems Strengtheningjehill3
Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Communities and Health Systems Strengthening
The State of CORE
Karen LeBan, Executive Director, CORE Group
CORE Spring Meeting, April 27,2010
System-wide gender research agenda. CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender R...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Rhiannon Pyburn (CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research/KIT), as part of the Annual Gender Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 25-27 September 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, hosted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and co-organized with KIT Royal Tropical Institute.
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-conference-2018/
Rhiannon Pyburn, Anouka van Eerdewij, Vivian Polar, Iliana Monterroso Ibarra and Cynthia McDougall
BOOK LAUNCH
Advancing Gender Equality through Agricultural and Environmental Research: Past, Present, and Future
Co-Organized by IFPRI and the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)
NOV 23, 2021 - 09:00 AM TO 10:15 AM EST
The influence-of-monitoring-and-evaluation-on-water-project-performance-in-mi...oircjournals
In a 2010 study by World Bank, it was evidenced that people lack proper services because systems fail, often because not enough resources are invested to appropriately build and maintain them, and also because of the stress that the fast growing population places on the existing infrastructure. According to Migori county report card in 2016, it was established that there was lack of continuity in water projects commenced and that construction of water projects does not help if they fail after a short time. This study analyzed the influence of community participation on water project performance in Migori County. The study specifically; examined influence of communication, management skill, technology and monitoring and evaluation on water project performance. The conceptualization of the study was guided by Resource dependence, the theory of Change, System theory and the Theory of Constraints. The study applied descriptive approach through survey design. The target population comprised of 228 stakeholders and water service company staffs working on water project in Migori County. The sample size of the study was 145 respondents arrived at using a 1967 Taro Yamane’s formula of sample size determination. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics. The study revealed that monitoring and evaluation is statistically significant influence on water project performance (β=0.152, p<0.05). The study concluded that project managers have adequate and experience in project management. Projects have clear documentation and the company has project progress reports. The study recommends that county government should empower project managers at County levels to improve planning and implementation towards the goal of sustaining water projects benefits, Non-Governmental Organizations to evaluate the performance and sustainability of water projects vis a vis the community participation at all stages of the project cycle.
Sanitation Attitudes of Urban Dwellers and their Influence on Sanitation Prac...Premier Publishers
The campaign for improved sanitation is increasingly threatened as people’s attitudes seem not to promote proper sanitation practices. The study examined attitudes of urban dwellers in some communities in Central Region of Ghana towards sanitation and their influence on sanitation practices. A cross sectional survey research design was adopted for the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 360 inhabitants in three urban communities. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. A significant number of respondents (76.4 %) had good attitudes towards sanitation whilst 58.0 % of respondents had good standard of sanitation practices. About half of the respondents (49.8 %) disposed of their solid waste daily through open dumping and three out of every ten persons disposed of their solid waste through open burning. Respondents’ attitudes towards sanitation weakly influenced their sanitation practices (r = 0.058, p = 0.269). This is because respondents’ attitudes towards sanitation contributed only by 5.8% in their sanitation practices. The findings of the study led to a conclusion that the high level of sanitation attitudes among urban dwellers in some communities in Central Region of Ghana could not be translated into actual practice. There was a gap between respondents’ attitudes towards sanitation and their standard of practices. It is recommended that the Central Regional Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate should embark on a comprehensive campaign on health benefits of good sanitation practices and enforce a more robust environmental sanitation approach and health education to help translate the high sanitation attitudes among urban dwellers into actual practice.
Building the case for expanded support services to young breast cancer surviv...ICF
The unique reproductive and psychological health needs of young breast cancer survivors are often unmet. ICF did an evaluation of 7 organizations that offer tailored support and education services to young breast cancer survivors. With increased funding, organizations are better able to develop and enhance young breast cancer survivor-focused initiatives.
CHSJ focuses on health and gender justice, with the objective of enabling good governance and accountability from the
perspective of social justice. It seeks to strengthen accountability of public health systems and health governance through
community empowerment, resource support, capacity building for local Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), research and
advocacy. CHSJ also seeks to develop ways to engage men for gender justice
Respond to this classmates like in the other posts you have done.docxinfantkimber
Respond to this classmates like in the other posts you have done
Carolina
1
Based on the needs assessment of the Carilion Clinic, they immediately began to work on investments such as new accessible health service buildings in different areas of the region and community. This was done by collaborating with a variety of organizations, such as the United Way of Roanoke Valley. For instance, New Horizons Dental Clinic was created based on the data presented by the community needs assessment demonstrating the great need for accessible dental care. Nancy Agee, President and CEO of Carilion Clinic states in the video that collaborating with many different organizations is critical in order to “look at the whole diversity of our region and strengthen relationships so we’re not replicating efforts, but rather we’re complementing and strengthening our efforts to improve health” (2015). I believe the needs assessment allowed them to specifically pinpoint what their community needed, and this allowed them to truly help the community directly. I would recommend the clinic to continue to utilize surveys and the needs assessment to focus on the community itself. This is because the alternative data sources available on a national and state level is not sufficient. The more Carilion Clinic interacts with the community directly, the more beneficial it will be for communities across the region, as well as themselves.
2
Needs assessment, program planning and evaluation are all integrated. For instance, as the book states “the evaluation of a program begins with its needs assessment. Data collected during a needs assessment can often serve as part of the baseline or “pretest” data needed for impact and outcome evaluations” (
Hodges & Videto, 2011, p.4). In other words, in order to for program planning to be successful, it is critical a needs assessment is done and followed by an evaluation of the needs assessment.
3
MAPP, as stated in the text, begins with the development of partnerships and identifying the participants for the needs assessment (Hodges & Videto, 2011, p.10). MAPP was used by Carilion Clinic though the use of their collaboration with other organizations, non-profits, health agencies, and the government. This strengthened the Carilion clinic’s goal as it provided more resources to accomplish the shared vision of improving the communities’ quality of life and delivery of care. APEXPH was used through its three parts throughout Carilion Clinic’s process. The first part, which as mentioned in the book is the self-assessment, was illustrated in the beginning of the video when Nancy, President and CEO, states the issues and goals at hand. The second part, the community process, is demonstrated with the community health needs assessment committee. This is the part where the program objective is derived from. The third part, concluding the cycle, is seen in the example of the New Horizon’s Dental Clinic, where Carilion’s decision based on the ne ...
The Role Of Community-Based Organizations in Achieving Population Health GoalsDan Wellisch
Marc Rosen discusses how the YMCA participates in keeping the population healthy. He presented to our group found here.: https://www.meetup.com/Chicago-Technology-For-Value-Based-Healthcare-Meetup/
Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Communities and Health Systems Strengtheningjehill3
Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Communities and Health Systems Strengthening
The State of CORE
Karen LeBan, Executive Director, CORE Group
CORE Spring Meeting, April 27,2010
System-wide gender research agenda. CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender R...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Rhiannon Pyburn (CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research/KIT), as part of the Annual Gender Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 25-27 September 2018 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, hosted by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and co-organized with KIT Royal Tropical Institute.
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-conference-2018/
Rhiannon Pyburn, Anouka van Eerdewij, Vivian Polar, Iliana Monterroso Ibarra and Cynthia McDougall
BOOK LAUNCH
Advancing Gender Equality through Agricultural and Environmental Research: Past, Present, and Future
Co-Organized by IFPRI and the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)
NOV 23, 2021 - 09:00 AM TO 10:15 AM EST
The influence-of-monitoring-and-evaluation-on-water-project-performance-in-mi...oircjournals
In a 2010 study by World Bank, it was evidenced that people lack proper services because systems fail, often because not enough resources are invested to appropriately build and maintain them, and also because of the stress that the fast growing population places on the existing infrastructure. According to Migori county report card in 2016, it was established that there was lack of continuity in water projects commenced and that construction of water projects does not help if they fail after a short time. This study analyzed the influence of community participation on water project performance in Migori County. The study specifically; examined influence of communication, management skill, technology and monitoring and evaluation on water project performance. The conceptualization of the study was guided by Resource dependence, the theory of Change, System theory and the Theory of Constraints. The study applied descriptive approach through survey design. The target population comprised of 228 stakeholders and water service company staffs working on water project in Migori County. The sample size of the study was 145 respondents arrived at using a 1967 Taro Yamane’s formula of sample size determination. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics. The study revealed that monitoring and evaluation is statistically significant influence on water project performance (β=0.152, p<0.05). The study concluded that project managers have adequate and experience in project management. Projects have clear documentation and the company has project progress reports. The study recommends that county government should empower project managers at County levels to improve planning and implementation towards the goal of sustaining water projects benefits, Non-Governmental Organizations to evaluate the performance and sustainability of water projects vis a vis the community participation at all stages of the project cycle.
Sanitation Attitudes of Urban Dwellers and their Influence on Sanitation Prac...Premier Publishers
The campaign for improved sanitation is increasingly threatened as people’s attitudes seem not to promote proper sanitation practices. The study examined attitudes of urban dwellers in some communities in Central Region of Ghana towards sanitation and their influence on sanitation practices. A cross sectional survey research design was adopted for the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 360 inhabitants in three urban communities. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. A significant number of respondents (76.4 %) had good attitudes towards sanitation whilst 58.0 % of respondents had good standard of sanitation practices. About half of the respondents (49.8 %) disposed of their solid waste daily through open dumping and three out of every ten persons disposed of their solid waste through open burning. Respondents’ attitudes towards sanitation weakly influenced their sanitation practices (r = 0.058, p = 0.269). This is because respondents’ attitudes towards sanitation contributed only by 5.8% in their sanitation practices. The findings of the study led to a conclusion that the high level of sanitation attitudes among urban dwellers in some communities in Central Region of Ghana could not be translated into actual practice. There was a gap between respondents’ attitudes towards sanitation and their standard of practices. It is recommended that the Central Regional Environmental Health and Sanitation Directorate should embark on a comprehensive campaign on health benefits of good sanitation practices and enforce a more robust environmental sanitation approach and health education to help translate the high sanitation attitudes among urban dwellers into actual practice.
Building the case for expanded support services to young breast cancer surviv...ICF
The unique reproductive and psychological health needs of young breast cancer survivors are often unmet. ICF did an evaluation of 7 organizations that offer tailored support and education services to young breast cancer survivors. With increased funding, organizations are better able to develop and enhance young breast cancer survivor-focused initiatives.
CHSJ focuses on health and gender justice, with the objective of enabling good governance and accountability from the
perspective of social justice. It seeks to strengthen accountability of public health systems and health governance through
community empowerment, resource support, capacity building for local Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), research and
advocacy. CHSJ also seeks to develop ways to engage men for gender justice
Respond to this classmates like in the other posts you have done.docxinfantkimber
Respond to this classmates like in the other posts you have done
Carolina
1
Based on the needs assessment of the Carilion Clinic, they immediately began to work on investments such as new accessible health service buildings in different areas of the region and community. This was done by collaborating with a variety of organizations, such as the United Way of Roanoke Valley. For instance, New Horizons Dental Clinic was created based on the data presented by the community needs assessment demonstrating the great need for accessible dental care. Nancy Agee, President and CEO of Carilion Clinic states in the video that collaborating with many different organizations is critical in order to “look at the whole diversity of our region and strengthen relationships so we’re not replicating efforts, but rather we’re complementing and strengthening our efforts to improve health” (2015). I believe the needs assessment allowed them to specifically pinpoint what their community needed, and this allowed them to truly help the community directly. I would recommend the clinic to continue to utilize surveys and the needs assessment to focus on the community itself. This is because the alternative data sources available on a national and state level is not sufficient. The more Carilion Clinic interacts with the community directly, the more beneficial it will be for communities across the region, as well as themselves.
2
Needs assessment, program planning and evaluation are all integrated. For instance, as the book states “the evaluation of a program begins with its needs assessment. Data collected during a needs assessment can often serve as part of the baseline or “pretest” data needed for impact and outcome evaluations” (
Hodges & Videto, 2011, p.4). In other words, in order to for program planning to be successful, it is critical a needs assessment is done and followed by an evaluation of the needs assessment.
3
MAPP, as stated in the text, begins with the development of partnerships and identifying the participants for the needs assessment (Hodges & Videto, 2011, p.10). MAPP was used by Carilion Clinic though the use of their collaboration with other organizations, non-profits, health agencies, and the government. This strengthened the Carilion clinic’s goal as it provided more resources to accomplish the shared vision of improving the communities’ quality of life and delivery of care. APEXPH was used through its three parts throughout Carilion Clinic’s process. The first part, which as mentioned in the book is the self-assessment, was illustrated in the beginning of the video when Nancy, President and CEO, states the issues and goals at hand. The second part, the community process, is demonstrated with the community health needs assessment committee. This is the part where the program objective is derived from. The third part, concluding the cycle, is seen in the example of the New Horizon’s Dental Clinic, where Carilion’s decision based on the ne ...
Chapter 16 Community Diagnosis, Planning, and InterventionSergEstelaJeffery653
Chapter 16 Community Diagnosis, Planning, and Intervention
Sergio Osegueda Acuna MSN-FNP-BC
MRC
Nursing Process with communities
Population-focused health planning
Health planning is a continuous social process by which data about clients are collected and analyzed for the purpose of developing a plan to generate new ideas, meet identified client needs, solve health problems, and guide changes in health care delivery.
To date, you have been responsible primarily for developing a plan of care for the individual client.
History of U.S. Health Planning
The history of health planning in the United States has alternated between the federal and state governments.
Before the 1960s, health planning occurred primarily at the state level.
In the 1960s, health planning became a federal effort.
In 1966, the Comprehensive Health Planning and Public Health Service Amendment was passed to enable states and local communities to plan for better health resources.
In the 1980s, President Reagan aimed to reduce both the size of the federal government and the influence the federal government had on states. His administration eliminated the federal budget and planning requirements while encouraging states to make their own planning decisions.
History of U.S. Health Planning
In 1980, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act encouraged the use of noninstitutional services, such as home health care, to fight escalating costs.
In 1983 the Prospective Payment System drastically changed hospital reimbursement, resulted in shorter hospital stays for patients, shifted care into the community, and placed greater responsibilities for care of relatives on family members
The federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Affordable Care Act) of 2010 requires access to health care for most Americans.
Rationale for Nursing Involvement in the Health Planning Process
Florence Nightingale and Lillian Wald pioneered health planning based on an assessment of the health needs of the communities they served
Both the American Nurses Association (ANA) (2007) and the American Public Health Association (APHA) (1996) state that the primary responsibility of community/public health nurses is to the community or population as a whole and that nurses must acknowledge the need for comprehensive health planning to implement this responsibility.
Nurses spend a greater amount of time in direct contact with their clients than do any other health care professionals.
Nursing Role in Program Planning
Planning for change at the community level is more complex than at the individual level.
Components to the client system have been increased, and more people and more complex organizations are involved.
Baccalaureate-prepared community/public nurses are expected to apply the nursing process with subpopulations or aggregates with limited supervision (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 1986; ANA, 2007)
Planning for community change
To plan and implement programs at a commu ...
This working paper, based on the work of the Inter-Agency Working Group on Community Involvement in Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health, presents a framework that links community involvement interventions to desired adolescent health outcomes. The publication includes a set of social change indicators as well as several case studies that evaluate relevant programming.
Approaches to understanding community needs, the importance of involving comm...Thomas Owondo
Community involvement in health: “ is a process whereby people, both individually and in groups, exercise their right to play an active and direct role in the development of appropriate health services, in ensuring the conditions for sustained better health and in supporting the empowerment of the community to help development
The five main pillars of maternal, newborn, and child health
Strengthening the health system
Improving the quality of services
Increasing access to services
Improving Healthy Practices with social and behavioral change
Combining global best practices with locally-led solutions.
The capacity-strengthening capabilities demonstrate improving equity and outcomes by directly improving the capacity of local organizations and institutions to deliver health services
Approaches include;
Community Mobilization, Social & Behavior Change
Human-centered design principles to mobilize communities and families for healthier behaviors and care-seeking practices. Central to our behavior change approach, men engaged as clients, partners, and fathers in child health and development.
Engagement of community leaders: through training and capacity-building for community leaders, the development of Community Action Plans (CAP) that identify and address barriers in the community, in order to increase demand for MNCH services
Community Days: semi-annual Community Days that bring different communities together for a day of communication, information, and activities to improve awareness among key target populations of important MNCH services.
Running head PROJECT AND FUNDER YOUTH HOMELESS SHELTER .docxjeanettehully
Running head: PROJECT AND FUNDER YOUTH HOMELESS SHELTER 1
PROJECT AND FUNDER YOUTH HOMELESS SHELTER 5
Project and funder youth homeless shelter
Student name:
Institution:
Course:
Professor:
Date:
Part one
The description of the grant to be used in this paper includes the promotion and foster of community partnerships to reduce homelessness in various communities. In essence, the project is intended to engage both provincial and territorial government levels to join the effort of aligning homelessness investments and priorities with the ultimate goals and objectives to prevent and reduce the aspect of homelessness especially in many youths (Forchuk, 2018). To elaborate, the grant is a unique program based on community affairs with the ultimate goals of eliminating if not reducing homelessness issues within various communities. Moreover, the project is aimed to accomplish this by encouraging funders to directly provide their support and funds to about sixty designated communities across all territories and provinces that are possible to reach. The most appropriate hyperlink for identifying RFP is: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6054288/
One of the significant factors that make this grant to be worth and for one to gain the confidant of pursuing it is the fact that it has been witnessed working for other countries. For instance, the grant was implemented in Canada in 2011, where it served over three hundred projects and managed to raise over fifty-five million Canadian dollars. The funds were well utilized by focusing them on, especially youth and young adults of age fifteen to twenty-eight. Based on that, it is a potential grant that I believe if well managed it is worth to take the risk as it guarantees the reduction of homelessness.
For evaluation purposes, several questions were identified to assess whether the grant was aligned with the objectives and goals of eliminating or reducing the aspect homelessness in various communities within the country. Furthermore, there were designed questions that aimed at assessing the progress of the program in its implementation including coordination, communication, reporting, adherence to housing first principles, monitoring as well as an assessment of early outcomes of the grant.
In accomplishing all the necessary criteria that were required by the project, I utilized Bing as my search engine for the task.
The goals and objectives of the selected funding agency are to ensure that it provides all the necessary resources that can enable the non-profitable organizations with its purposes of fulfilling the intended impact towards the communities concerned. Besides, the agency is aimed at addressing the essential issues relating to homelessness of especially youths and young adults within different communities.
The primary reason for selecting the RFP is accompanied by the fact that commu ...
WORKING WITH COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS AS ‘VOLUNTEERS’IN A VA.docxdunnramage
WORKING WITH COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS AS ‘VOLUNTEERS’
IN A VACCINE TRIAL: PRACTICAL AND ETHICAL EXPERIENCES
AND IMPLICATIONS
VIBIAN ANGWENYI, DORCAS KAMUYA, DOROTHY MWACHIRO, VICKI MARSH,
PATRICIA NJUGUNA AND SASSY MOLYNEUX
Keywords
developing world bioethics,
research ethics,
informed consent,
clinical trials,
sub-Saharan Africa
ABSTRACT
Community engagement is increasingly emphasized in biomedical research,
as a right in itself, and to strengthen ethical practice. We draw on interviews
and observations to consider the practical and ethical implications of involv-
ing Community Health Workers (CHWs) as part of a community engagement
strategy for a vaccine trial on the Kenyan Coast. CHWs were initially engaged
as an important network to be informed about the trial. However over time,
and in response to community advice, they became involved in trial informa-
tion sharing and identifying potential participants; thereby taking on roles that
overlapped with those of employed fieldworkers (FWs). While CHWs involve-
ment was generally perceived as positive and appreciated, there were chal-
lenges in their relations with FWs and other community members, partly
related to levels and forms of remuneration. Specifically, payment of CHWs
was not as high as for FWs and was based on ‘performance’. This extrinsic
motivation had the potential to crowd out CHWs intrinsic motivation to
perform their pre-existing community roles. CHWs remuneration potentially
also contributed to CHWs distorting trial information to encourage community
members to participate; and to researchers encouraging CHWs to utilize their
social connections and status to increase the numbers of people who
attended information giving sessions. Individual consent processes were
protected in this trial through final information sharing and consent being
conducted by trained clinical staff who were not embedded in study commu-
nities. However, our experiences suggest that roles and remuneration of all
front line staff and volunteers involved in trials need careful consideration
from the outset, and monitoring and discussion over time.
BACKGROUND
Community engagement is increasingly emphasized as
central to biomedical research in international settings,
both as a right in itself, and as a means to uphold ethical
principles, enhance protection and benefits, create legiti-
macy, share responsibility between researchers and com-
munities, and strengthen science.1 Communities can
potentially be involved in a broad range of research activi-
ties, from protocol development, to research conduct,
reviewing access to data and samples, and dissemination
or publication of research findings. Community members
are also often employed in research studies to simultane-
ously recruit, and conduct research processes such as
interviews and simple study procedures. Less commonly
community members may also recruit participants as part
1 E. Emanuel, et al. What makes clinical research in developing coun-
t.
Running head PSYCHOLOGY1PSYCHOLOGY7Programmatic pur.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PSYCHOLOGY
1
PSYCHOLOGY
7
Programmatic purposes and outcomes
Shekima Jacob
South University
Programmatic purposes and outcomes
Select and discuss three programmatic purposes and outcomes that should be evaluated. In your discussion, provide the rationale for the purposes and outcomes selected. It will be assumed the purposes and outcomes selected were influenced by the program being evaluated.
The program that I will be discussing is human service programs. In the abiding endeavor to enhance human service programs, service providers, policy makers and funders are more and more recognizing the significance of thorough program evaluations. They want to know what the programs achieve, what they spend, and how they must be operated to attain maximum cost efficiency. They want to recognize which programs function for which groups, and they need endings based on proof, as opposed to impassioned pleas and testimonials. The purposes should state the extensive, extensive range result that maintains the mission of the program, including content information areas, performance prospects, and values anticipated of program graduates. Purposes can be stated in wider and more stirring language than outcomes that have to be measurable and specific. Outcome is the reason nonprofit organizations struggle to build capacity and deliver programs. Measurement of outcomes is the systematic way of assessing the extent to which a program has attained its intended results.
The programmatic purposes and outcomes that should be evaluated include:
Programmatic purposes
· To monitor functions for the Health and Human Services department.
Without departments, the purpose or goals of human services would be very hard to fulfill. Human services is a very large sector that entails a wide range of skills, knowledge and disciplines focused on enhancing the well being of human both collectively and individually. Just like there are a lot of sectors in human services, so too there are a huge variety of functions of the human service programs that need to be evaluated so as to accomplish the purpose of the program (Connell, Kubisch, Schorr & Weiss, 1995). One of the programmatic purposes of human service programs is to monitor functions for the Health and Human Services department. Any department or even sector requires frequent checks to make sure that it is functioning well and according to the purpose. This purpose is very crucial in the execution of the human service program goals. It needs to be evaluated to make sure that the functions of the health and human service department are in line with the programmatic purposes of the program.
· Assessing internal control over compliance requirements to provide reasonable assurance.
The compliance requirements are very crucial in every program as they make sure that the program is in line with its goals and makes sure it works towards achieving its stipulated outcomes. This purpose needs to be evaluated to m ...
Pathways from Women’s Group-based Programs to Nutrition Change in South Asia:...CGIAR
This presentation was given during a webinar on May 9, 2018. Neha Kumar of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) gave the presentation. Find out more at: http://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-womens-group-nutrition/
A retrospective review of the Honduras AIN-C program guided by a community he...HFG Project
Factors that influence performance of community health workers (CHWs) delivering health services are not well understood. A recent logic model proposed categories of support from both health sector and communities influence CHW performance and program outcomes. This logic model has been used to review a growth monitoring program delivered by CHWs in Honduras, known as Atención Integral a la Niñez en la Comunidad (AIN-C). A retrospective review of AIN-C was conducted through a document desk review and supplemented with in-depth interviews. Documents were systematically coded using the categories from the logic model, and gaps were addressed through interviews. Authors reviewed coded data for each category to analyze program details and outcomes as well as identify potential issues and gaps in the logic model.
Foundational Learning in Social Determinants of Health for Health Professionals by Dr. Haydee Encarnacion Garcia. Presented at the Emerging Trends in Nursing Conference at Indiana Wesleyan University on June 1, 2017.
Community engagement is the collaboration between individuals fromLynellBull52
Community engagement is the collaboration between individuals from the community, hospitals, and stakeholder organizations to identify and address community health-related issues and promote well-being to achieve improved health impacts and outcomes. It engages the community to attain sustainable and long-term relationships, decision-making, implementation, or results. Community engagement is essential in nursing practice as it helps nurses understand the community they serve, including specific health issues affecting them, their root causes, and the resources and assets available to address these issues. The paper will discuss the most effective levels of engagement that nurses can provide to the community.
Levels of Engagement that Nurses can Provide the Community
There are five levels of engagement a nurse can provide the community, which include sharing information, consulting, collaborating, and empowering the community. The first level involves a two-way process involving nurses providing the community with health information, for instance, educating them on the health issues affecting the community and other new health resources and programs available for the community and how they can access them. Also, by sharing information, nurses can identify health issues affecting the community and other health needs for effective planning and intervention. The second level involves consultation and the community in health-related decisions and plans. In these levels, nurses seek and consider the views of the community members on the health services, policies, or programs that directly affect their health and well-being (Drake et al., 2022). The nurses consult and involve the community members to improve their access to available health programs and services and their relationship with the health providers. For instance, when conducting an immunization program, the targeted community members must be consulted and involved directly to create trust, which is essential for the program's success (WHO, 2020).
Another most effective level of engagement is collaboration. This level involves nurses collaborating with the community leaders, members, and other eternal partners such as charity organizations to raise resources and implement strategies to improve the community's health. Collaboration enables priority setting and decision-making based on the community members themselves. The last level of engagement is community empowerment achieved through the active participation of the individuals in the community at all the other levels. At this level, the community members gain power, self-esteem, and confidence to articulate their concerns to the nurses and ensure that appropriate actions are taken to address them. The nurses mobilize community assets, empowering the community to implement interventions and develop systems for self-governance and strategies to improve their health and well-being (WHO, 2020).
In conclusion, each successive level empower ...
1. MPH 609 WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT
We Can Cook!
A Community Based Participatory Research
Project Proposal for Cleveland’s Central
Neighborhood
Steven C. Banjoff
8/9/2015
2. Aim, Target Population, and Significance
It is widely accepted that Americans in general do not eat enough healthy, fresh, fruits,
and vegetables (United States Department of Agriculture, 2009). The tide does seem to be
turning, and public health efforts over the past decade may have contributed to a behavioral shift
in diet seen amongst U.S. consumers (Ng, Slining, & Popkin, 2014). Unfortunately, research also
indicates correlations between access to food retailers and quality of diet, and many studies show
limited food access associated with greater consumption of non-nutritious foods. Research also
reveals a relationship with quality of diet, chronic disease, and obesity (USDA, 2009). The
United States Department of Agriculture has identified farmers markets as excellent avenues to
increase healthy food access and help stimulate local economies (Cleveland-Cuyahoga County
Food Policy Coalition, 2011). This program seeks to examine barriers, consumption,
motivations, policies, and access of healthy foods in marginalized community of the Central
neighborhood in the city of Cleveland, Ohio, especially those currently receiving SNAP
subsidies.
The Central neighborhood is considered a food desert community using the USDA one
mile from a grocery store (USDA, 2009). Central is surrounded by farmers markets, most of
which participate in SNAP, and the double value produce perks program, making it an excellent
location to investigate the viability of improving healthy food access to this community. It is
hoped the use of Community Based Participatory Research will identify community strengths,
facilitate collaboration, provide intimate insights behind the drivers of dietary behavior, and help
design the most appropriate educational cooking experience that will provide the best chance for
success in all aspects of the program.
3. The Central neighborhood is 95% Black, with 79% of the children residing in poverty,
64% of households receive SNAP benefits, high unemployment, low educational attainment, and
a median household income of $9,418 (Cleveland City Planning, 2014). Community health
assessments that have been currently conducted in Cleveland show that chronic disease impact
the black community of Cleveland and Cuyahoga County far more significantly than the white
community (Health Improvement Partnership-Cuyahoga Initiative, 2013). These devastating
numbers have led to heavy grant investment and program investment over the past decade,
giving Central many assets and existing organizations that can be utilized in our We Can Cook!
research and intervention project.
Central, has a high volume of public housing throughout the neighborhood, and was one
of the first areas in the nation to have such housing constructed (Sisters of Charity Foundation of
Cleveland, 2014). In person interviews, revealed information is spread by word of mouth,
additional communication strategies and methods need exploration, and social media is used
sparingly within the Central neighborhood. Food and nutrition literacy is quite low, and many of
the residents practice a diet that is familiar, convenient, and of low cost. Shopping at the corner
store or other fast food options to fulfill their dietary needs is the dominate practice in the
neighborhood, making a high-energy, low nutritional value diet commonplace. Central lies in a
corridor with the highest obesity rates in the city, with 40.4% of the area residents considered
obese, and overall 42.4% of the black community of Cleveland is considered obese (Bruckman,
Jewett-Tennant, & Borawski, 2012). A community advisory board will be critical in providing
insight, recruitment, intervention formation, and selection of housing development(s) to target
our program.
4. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, improved access to
healthier food retailers has been adopted as a promising strategy to improve dietary quality
(Grimm, Moore, & Scanlon, 2013). With non-traditional farmer market points of access
surrounding the Central neighborhood, it is crucial to uncover methods and motivations that
consider socioeconomic, cultural, transportation, and awareness factors related to their use that
exist within the community to improve consumption of healthy foods. Doing so may contribute
substantially to improving the health of the residents while providing avenues of empowerment
to a historically marginalized community. It is the aim of this project to give community
members the lead role throughout the process and increase the self-determination of the
community.
Methods
When asked to describe the health priorities of Central, Dawn Glasco a Cleveland Central
Promise Neighborhood Engagement Coordinator, stated, the top priority issues as “the lack of
money, education, and knowledge to live a decent quality of life.” This indicates it is crucial to
develop a program that can empower the community, improve economic conditions, and build
on marketable skills as well as the benefits in terms of chronic disease and obesity prevention.
Community Based Participatory Research principles acknowledge the community’s identity,
builds on strengths, facilitates collaboration equitably, uses an ecological perspective, while
reporting results to all parties involved, and achieve sustainability (Israel, Eng, Schulz, & Parker,
2013).
The use of these CBPR principles provides the best method to ensure the program
addresses these priorities in a manner that is sensitive to the community’s wants and needs,
5. empowers the community to take control of their situation with solutions and methods they help
create. Provides research and learning opportunities that improve marketable skills, builds
partnerships, provides ownership, empowerment, and ensures existing assets within the
community are utilized, identified, and hopefully improved upon. Trust will be fostered
throughout the process from recruitment process which will entail individual and small group
work, establishing mechanisms to ensure follow through of commitments and confidentiality,
mechanisms to ensure continual engagement and on-going relationship building, shared
leadership guidelines, and ensuring there is a balance of power and influence (Israel, Eng,
Schulz, & Parker, 2013).
CBPR goes beyond the traditional research and intervention project, by striving to be a
social change process, with goals of learning and knowledge relevant to the task, building
relationships and solidarity, and engaging in action that wins victories and builds self-sufficiency
(Stoecker, 2008). With these goals in mind, a central tenet of CBPR is to address community-
identified concerns, and a formation of a community advisory board (CAB) similar to the board
formed in the Transgender Community Health Project (TCHP) (Clements-Nolle & Bachrach,
2008). The community advisory board of the TCHP was integral in design and implementation
of quantitative protocols, designing the interview process, simplified data collection,
empowerment of the community, inspiring further research, new initiatives, and opening new
career opportunities (Clements-Nolle & Bachrach, 2008). The use of a CAB will also facilitate
easing of tensions, misconceptions, and distrust that may be a result of white privilege of
academic researchers (Chavez, B, Baker, Avila, & Wallerstein, 2008), historic miscarriages of
justice during research, such as the Tuskegee experiment, and other notorious human research
projects. Building alliances across differences may increase the demand for justice, and provide
6. greater examination of systemic and personal barriers (Chavez, B, Baker, Avila, & Wallerstein,
2008), and failing to address racism in a community that is over 95% black would be a fatal
mistake.
The, We Can Cook! research and intervention project strives to be led by community
members during all phases. This necessitates training of investigative staff, and community
advisory board members, in team building skills, organization skills, data collection, and
analysis, which fosters leadership and empowers (Cheathem-Rojas & Shen, 2008). Incentives
will be offered for participation in the training sessions. The incentives will include a stipend of
pay, refreshments, and transportation, and will provide an opportunity to strengthen dialogue
concerning the research, how it pertains to the community, and builds marketable skills. Due to
the high level of activism, community projects, and established community engagement
organization may not need to be intensive or have a long duration, and may serve as a refresher
course.
Supplementing existing food behavior surveys that have been adapted and added to
fitting the community through a team effort of academic researchers and the CAB investigating
quantitative and qualitative data, will be photovoice. Photovoice was first developed by Wang,
Burris and colleagues in the Ford Foundation, and is an innovative method to use visual image as
an aid to critical think about the root causes related to historical and social patterns. It “builds on
commitment to social and intellectual change through community members’ critical production
and analysis of visual image (Wang & Pies, 2008). Photovoice will be used twice during the
project. The first use will be between academic researchers, investigators, and the CAB before
finalization of the written survey to be given. It will be used again with the program participants
7. before they answer the written survey, and begin the educational and skill-building portion of the
project.
Staffing and Implementation
Staffing for the project will begin streamlined, and will include; project manager whose
duties include smooth functioning between investigators, participants, partners, and community
advisory board members to ensure project remains on agenda and community focused. The
manager will also team with community ambassadors to handle delicate matters of performance,
attendance, etc… with community team members. The project manager will take the lead in
organizing, evaluation efforts, data analysis collaboration, and presenting results.
At least four graduate students to act as data collection support and training, initial draft
of additional grant proposals that may be relevant, moderate photovoice and focus group
discussions. Training in moderating skills may be necessary, as graduate students may have little
experience in moderating skills.
Four community investigators, this may change once interest and participation numbers
are revealed. Responsibilities will include data collection on research and program evaluation.
At least two community ambassadors, which will aid in the recruitment of the CAB and study
participants, help to develop a communication program, and aid in conflict resolution and
performance issues. There is also a need for six intervention assistants whose duties will include
aid in organizing cooking sessions, make necessary travel arrangements, distribute incentives,
and aid in logistics of educational experience of the program.
Necessary partnerships include but not limited to, Burton Bell Carr a community
development company, Friendly Inn Settlement House, Outhwaite Community Center, and
8. Sisters of Charity Foundation of Cleveland. These partners have needed resources, meeting
space, and deep community connections that are vital to the success of the program. Graduate
students will be compensated in accordance of University policy and will receive state minimum
wage currently at $8.10 an hour (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2015). To show
respect for their hard work, contribution, and dedication community members who fill the
investigator, ambassador, and intervention roles will be paid $15 an hour, with their subordinates
receiving $12.50 an hour. This higher hourly rate will not only help convey respect and gives
comparatively fair compensation, but will also help in the retention of staff, saving on training
costs as well as maintaining established relationships.
The project will be split in two phases, with an initial period of eighteen months per
phase. Phase 1 will start with small group discussions facilitated by Dawn Glasco, a Cleveland
Central Promise Neighborhood Engagement Coordinator, DeEtta Brown a Cleveland Central
Promise Neighborhood Ambassador, to determine who to recruit for CAB members and
community filled positions of the project. These group sessions can also aid in discovering of
hidden assets, institutions, and organizations that would be useful to approach for included
partnership. The development of these partnerships, filling of positions, and formation of the
CAB is given a year timetable to be accomplished, though provisions are in place in case this
happens faster or slower than expected.
After all positions have been established, all team members will participate in a
photovoice session. This will provide an opportunity to strengthen relationships, reveal differing
points of view, aid in the discussion and confrontation issues of race and privilege that may be
felt among team members. It fosters critical thinking and social examination (Wang & Pies,
2008), and offers an opportunity for two-way learning between the community and academia.
9. First on the agenda after this team building experience is completed is deciding whom we are
going to specifically target within the community. Stakeholder interviews have revealed child
mortality rates, teen pregnancy, and child abuse issues are some of the most prominent in the
neighborhood. Central also has the youngest demographic in Cleveland with 0-20 year olds far
above the city average (Statistics Atlas, 2015) so it may be determined to target a young age
group or partner with an existing program.
Once the determination of target audience is completed, the work on devising a relevant
survey that assesses healthy food access and consumption barriers and motivations begins. It
will first be determined if adaptation of previously, evidence based surveys, or a completely
designed by scratch survey using accepted appropriate theory will be used. Discussions will be
had on the added time, and difficulties in publishing, comparative use a “from scratch” survey
may entail. Work will also begin on tailoring the educational and cooking experience to the
target audience. Much like the survey, the program will be adapted from other successful
community cooking CBPR projects such as Cook It Up!, a community cooking program for at
risk youth (Thomas & Irwin, 2011), Jamie’s Ministry of Food Australia, a community based
cooking skills program primarily aimed at improving skills and confidence (Herbert, et al.,
2014). Discussions will also be held on optimal duration of the program, with original designs
seeing it lasting eighteen months happening once a month with two educational experiences
within that month. This may be too long of a commitment, and it may be determined that
shortening to six months with more frequent cooking sessions may be deemed most appropriate.
The use of focus groups and opinions of the CAB, along with weekly or bi-weekly meetings
between team members to discuss these elements will be the driving force of the final program
10. design, all relevant issues will be hammered out during this period, including appropriate
incentives that will be needed for success.
Phase 2 will commence by first obtaining informed consent of all participants, literacy
and language concerns will be accommodated. A general overview of the program will be
presented, and obligations, incentives, and research relevance will be explained. Photovoice will
be used prior to the survey being given to allow for a more critical thought approach to the initial
survey, as well as revealing qualitative information not appropriate for a written survey. The
participants will then embark on a predetermined educational and cooking experience. The
initial survey will also be given upon completion of the program. Because surveys can become
tiresome, in person interviews will be conducted on a regular basis throughout the duration of the
program. These interviews will not only be designed to gather data on food access and
consumption to track progress, but also as a program evaluation tool. This will allow us to tweak
the intervention as the process unfolds and unforeseen problems reveal themselves.
Analysis and Evaluation
Involving the community in the analysis portion of the program will be of high
importance. As the Minkler text shows community involvement lends expert knowledge
concerning the community not possessed by the researcher, add nuance to drawing conclusions,
help to adjust methods in the most efficient way, and provides greater quality of data (Minkler &
Wallerstein, 2008). It also enables the data to be interpreted from a lens of a very different life
experience angle and richness and a sense of social justice perspective that would be absent
without their inclusion. The statistics will be generated by the appropriate entity, but the
codification of the elements, data questions, and format were all provided by community
11. members so their exclusion from analysis and interpretation would be unethical. It will also be
important to give credit to all team members, and discussions will be held to determine primary
authors, while also crediting those who contributed to the project.
Guidelines for mechanisms that are agreed upon by the partnership must be developed,
and a good starting point would be examining and adapting appendix M of the Israel textbook to
ensure the research and collaborative process remains on task (Israel, Eng, Schulz, & Parker,
2013). It will also be important to provide investigators, ambassadors, and other relevant team
members the materials and training to take relevant and uniform field notes. Evaluation methods
that seek to understand the environmental, structural, and group dynamics of the partnership
need development that also examine interventions, intermediate success, and overall partnership
effectiveness (Israel, Eng, Schulz, & Parker, 2013). Data analysis and interpretation will begin
with scheduled meetings with all team members, then results will be presented to the community
in a town hall fashion with the audience able to question team members about the project and
what the data means, and where do we go from here discussion. This will all take place before
the final results and report are submitted for publication.
Continued Engagement
It is the hoped the community-centered nature of this program will give it sustainability,
and inspire a continuation of the intervention program even after the research is concluded. The
community may decide to make this a longitudinal study, and we should be prepared to assist
them in this endeavor. We may not be directly financing this endeavor (i.e. pay for
investigators), but we will aid in grant writing, data analysis, and publishing. It will also be
12. documented and reminded that the community is a trusted partner of the University, and a culture
of openness and friendship will be fostered amongst the staff and students.
The project uses elements that inspire thinking on a social and institutional level, which
could inspire partnerships with lead organizers of the Black Lives Matter movement sweeping
across Cleveland and the nation due to the rash of recent police shootings. This collaboration
can lift food access issues in a prominent social justice light changing the dominate view in the
neighborhood of “that’s just the way things are”, and provide motivation to change behavior
born from barriers, environment, habit, and convenience.
On a smaller scale, the cooking sessions can provide an avenue for recipe exchanges,
cookbook creations, organization of block parties, or awaken a new interest. The skills learned
from participation can lead to further educational attainment, greater community activism, and
feelings of greater self-determination, and inspire policy change. The success or failure of the
program can lead to the creation of more effective programs, and increase community capacity
and greater asset recognition. Because CBPR is such a dynamic and “hands on” process, the
possibilities are truly endless once the passion and empowerment have been experienced. That is
why it is paramount the University remains a trusted source of assistance, even if that role is
trusted advisor, to help ensure the flames of change are not extinguished even after our role in
the project is complete.
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