The document summarizes the different responses to crisis within the early Catholic Church in North Africa in the 4th century between the Donatists and Bishop Augustine. The Donatists believed the church needed to purify itself by separating from sinners, defending core principles. Augustine argued this was too static and would isolate the church. Instead, he advocated for the church to actively engage sinners and coexist with them while disciplining and reforming, remaining rooted in doctrine but open to growth.