MOTOR NEURON DISEASE - Presentation Neuro
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Motor neuron disease
1. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive motor neuron disease that affects both upper and lower motor neurons.
2. ALS is defined by evidence of both lower motor neuron degeneration causing weakness, wasting, and fasciculations and upper motor neuron involvement shown by spasticity and increased reflexes.
3. Riluzole is the only FDA-approved drug shown to modestly slow disease progression in ALS patients, extending survival by a few months. Edaravone was also approved in 2017 as an antioxidant therapy.
Motor neuron diseases
Upper motor neurons convey impulses for voluntary motor activity and exert control over lower motor neurons, which directly innervate skeletal muscle. Upper motor neuron cell bodies are located in the motor cortex and premotor areas. Their axons form tracts that project to lower motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. Lower motor neuron cell bodies are located in the brainstem and spinal cord. Damage to upper motor neurons results in spasticity and hyperreflexia, while lower motor neuron damage causes weakness, atrophy, fasciculations and hyporeflexia. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a motor neuron disorder characterized by both upper and lower motor neuron degeneration.
Motor neuron diseases. ppt.
Motor neuron diseases are a group of neurodegenerative disorders that affect motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to progressive muscle weakness. The most common type is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which affects both upper and lower motor neurons. Symptoms start in one area, such as weakness in the arms or slurred speech, and gradually spread. As motor neurons die, muscles waste away and it becomes difficult to move, swallow, breathe and speak. There is no cure and the cause is largely unknown, though some risk factors include age, sex, family history and head trauma. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and maximizing function and comfort through supportive care, devices, therapy and medications like riluzole.
Motor Neuron Disease and PT Mx
Motor neurons are neurons that control muscles and glands. Their cell bodies are located in the brainstem or spinal cord, and their axons project to muscles. Motor neuron disease (MND) refers to conditions where motor neurons degenerate, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy. The most common type is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), where both upper and lower motor neurons are affected. In ALS, muscles weaken and waste away as motor neurons die, and symptoms may include limb weakness, bulbar problems like slurred speech, and respiratory issues. The disease progresses as motor neurons continue to deteriorate over time.
Motor neuron disease- an overview.
The document provides an overview of motor neuron disease (MND), including what it is, who it affects, types, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment and management. MND is a group of neurodegenerative diseases that causes motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord to degenerate and die, leading to progressive muscle weakness. There are four main types depending on which motor neurons are affected. While there is no cure, early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care can help manage symptoms and maximize quality of life for those living with MND. Raising awareness of MND is important for improving understanding and care of those impacted by the disease.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als)
ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. It causes the motor neurons to gradually degenerate and die, resulting in muscle weakness and atrophy. Over time, this leads to increasing paralysis as more motor neurons are damaged. While the exact causes are unknown, excitotoxicity from glutamate and mutations in genes like SOD1 are thought to be involved in the neurodegeneration. The main treatment is riluzole, which extends life by a few months. Other therapies focus on managing symptoms and maintaining function and quality of life for as long as possible. Regular dental care is important for oral health and to reduce risks of pneumonia. Adaptations may be needed to accommodate physical
Motor neuron diseases
Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are a group of progressive neurological disorders that predominantly or exclusively affect upper motor neurons, lower motor neurons, or both. There are several classifications of MND including sporadic or inherited forms, and those involving combined upper and lower motor neuron involvement (such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), pure lower motor neuron involvement (such as spinal muscular atrophy), or pure upper motor neuron involvement (such as primary lateral sclerosis). Common clinical features include muscle weakness, wasting, and fasciculations depending on the type and location of motor neuron involvement. Investigations help differentiate MNDs from other conditions and there is currently no cure, though some treatments can help manage symptoms.
003 Motor Neuron Disease.pptx
This document provides an overview of motor neuron disease (MND), including:
- MND is a group of conditions that cause motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord to degenerate, affecting movement, speaking, swallowing and breathing.
- There are two types of motor neurons - upper motor neurons in the brain and lower motor neurons in the spinal cord.
- Common types of MND include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), primary lateral sclerosis, progressive bulbar palsy, progressive muscular atrophy, and spinal muscular atrophy.
- Symptoms vary but can include muscle weakness, wasting, spasticity, and difficulties with speech, swallowing and breathing. Current treatment focuses on
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Motor neuron disease
1. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive motor neuron disease that affects both upper and lower motor neurons.
2. ALS is defined by evidence of both lower motor neuron degeneration causing weakness, wasting, and fasciculations and upper motor neuron involvement shown by spasticity and increased reflexes.
3. Riluzole is the only FDA-approved drug shown to modestly slow disease progression in ALS patients, extending survival by a few months. Edaravone was also approved in 2017 as an antioxidant therapy.
Motor neuron diseases
Upper motor neurons convey impulses for voluntary motor activity and exert control over lower motor neurons, which directly innervate skeletal muscle. Upper motor neuron cell bodies are located in the motor cortex and premotor areas. Their axons form tracts that project to lower motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. Lower motor neuron cell bodies are located in the brainstem and spinal cord. Damage to upper motor neurons results in spasticity and hyperreflexia, while lower motor neuron damage causes weakness, atrophy, fasciculations and hyporeflexia. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a motor neuron disorder characterized by both upper and lower motor neuron degeneration.
Motor neuron diseases. ppt.
Motor neuron diseases are a group of neurodegenerative disorders that affect motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to progressive muscle weakness. The most common type is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which affects both upper and lower motor neurons. Symptoms start in one area, such as weakness in the arms or slurred speech, and gradually spread. As motor neurons die, muscles waste away and it becomes difficult to move, swallow, breathe and speak. There is no cure and the cause is largely unknown, though some risk factors include age, sex, family history and head trauma. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and maximizing function and comfort through supportive care, devices, therapy and medications like riluzole.
Motor Neuron Disease and PT Mx
Motor neurons are neurons that control muscles and glands. Their cell bodies are located in the brainstem or spinal cord, and their axons project to muscles. Motor neuron disease (MND) refers to conditions where motor neurons degenerate, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy. The most common type is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), where both upper and lower motor neurons are affected. In ALS, muscles weaken and waste away as motor neurons die, and symptoms may include limb weakness, bulbar problems like slurred speech, and respiratory issues. The disease progresses as motor neurons continue to deteriorate over time.
Motor neuron disease- an overview.
The document provides an overview of motor neuron disease (MND), including what it is, who it affects, types, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment and management. MND is a group of neurodegenerative diseases that causes motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord to degenerate and die, leading to progressive muscle weakness. There are four main types depending on which motor neurons are affected. While there is no cure, early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care can help manage symptoms and maximize quality of life for those living with MND. Raising awareness of MND is important for improving understanding and care of those impacted by the disease.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als)
ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. It causes the motor neurons to gradually degenerate and die, resulting in muscle weakness and atrophy. Over time, this leads to increasing paralysis as more motor neurons are damaged. While the exact causes are unknown, excitotoxicity from glutamate and mutations in genes like SOD1 are thought to be involved in the neurodegeneration. The main treatment is riluzole, which extends life by a few months. Other therapies focus on managing symptoms and maintaining function and quality of life for as long as possible. Regular dental care is important for oral health and to reduce risks of pneumonia. Adaptations may be needed to accommodate physical
Motor neuron diseases
Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are a group of progressive neurological disorders that predominantly or exclusively affect upper motor neurons, lower motor neurons, or both. There are several classifications of MND including sporadic or inherited forms, and those involving combined upper and lower motor neuron involvement (such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), pure lower motor neuron involvement (such as spinal muscular atrophy), or pure upper motor neuron involvement (such as primary lateral sclerosis). Common clinical features include muscle weakness, wasting, and fasciculations depending on the type and location of motor neuron involvement. Investigations help differentiate MNDs from other conditions and there is currently no cure, though some treatments can help manage symptoms.
003 Motor Neuron Disease.pptx
This document provides an overview of motor neuron disease (MND), including:
- MND is a group of conditions that cause motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord to degenerate, affecting movement, speaking, swallowing and breathing.
- There are two types of motor neurons - upper motor neurons in the brain and lower motor neurons in the spinal cord.
- Common types of MND include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), primary lateral sclerosis, progressive bulbar palsy, progressive muscular atrophy, and spinal muscular atrophy.
- Symptoms vary but can include muscle weakness, wasting, spasticity, and difficulties with speech, swallowing and breathing. Current treatment focuses on
Motor neuron disease
Motor neuron disease is a rare disease it doesn't have any cure here in this video I have tried playing what is mnd its types causes how to diagnose and its management plan
neurobiology of brain and everyday behaviour
This is the final project for the course neurobiology of brain and behaviour. This consists analysis of the neurodegenerative disease- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ASL)
Motor neuron disease.pptx new
Motor neuron diseases are a group of rare neurodegenerative disorders that progressively cause nerves in the brain and spinal cord to lose function, affecting voluntary muscle movement. The most common type in adults is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which affects both upper and lower motor neurons. There is no cure for motor neuron diseases, so treatment focuses on managing symptoms and maximizing quality of life through supportive care, rehabilitation, and FDA-approved drugs that may slow progression. Prognosis depends on the specific type of motor neuron disease and age of onset, with some forms being fatal and others non-fatal but still impacting quality of life over time.
Multiple sclerosis.ppt
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and gliosis in the central nervous system. It affects around 5 million people worldwide. The cause is unknown but involves genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms vary widely and can include sensory disturbances, motor symptoms, visual problems, ataxia, and cognitive impairment. Diagnosis involves demonstrating dissemination of lesions in the CNS over time via MRI imaging or evoked potentials testing, and sometimes analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. There are several disease courses including relapsing-remitting MS, primary progressive MS, and secondary progressive MS. Management aims to reduce inflammation and disability progression.
ALS - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ALS is a neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. It causes progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. There is currently no cure, and the average survival time is 3-5 years from symptom onset. Riluzole is the only approved treatment shown to modestly prolong survival. Supportive care focuses on managing symptoms like spasticity, secretions, and respiratory failure to prolong function and quality of life. The ice bucket challenge raised significant funds for ALS research. Diagnosis requires ruling out other causes and demonstrating both upper and lower motor neuron signs that progress over time.
MND.pptx
Motor neuron disease is a progressive disorder characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem, and motor cortex. This leads to muscle weakness, wasting, and fasciculations. The disease has an average prevalence of 5 per 100,000 people. Most cases are sporadic, though around 5-10% of cases are familial and associated with mutations in the SOD1 gene. Clinical features include upper and lower motor neuron signs like spasticity and muscle wasting without sensory involvement. Disease progression is usually rapid and leads to death within a year on average due to respiratory failure. Current treatment options aim to prolong survival and manage symptoms but do not alter the progressive course of the disease.
MOTOR NEURON DISEASE.pptx
Motor neuron diseases are a group of neurodegenerative disorders that progressively cause nerves in the brain and spinal cord to lose function, affecting voluntary muscle movement. The most common type in adults is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which affects both upper and lower motor neurons. There is no cure and treatments focus on managing symptoms and maximizing independence. Prognosis depends on the specific type of motor neuron disease and age of onset, with some forms being fatal and others non-fatal but still reducing quality of life over time.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.pptx Multiple sclerosis presented by Ofosu Bempah Kingsley...
Multiple sclerosis presented by Ofosu Bempah Kingsley, ECG Hospital, Kpandai-Ghana
Neuromuscular Disorders
This document discusses several neuromuscular disorders including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Spinal Cord Injury, Huntington's Chorea, and Spinal Muscle Atrophy. It provides details on ALS such as the pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, course of the disease, etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and complications. Comparisons are made between ALS and other disorders such as MS, Spinal Cord Injury, Huntington's Chorea, and Spinal Muscle Atrophy.
Motor neuron lesions ( UMNL & LMNL )
small intoduction to motor system ,then upper and lower motor neuron lesions with causes ,symptoms and treatment
neurodegenerative diseases
1. Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis are caused by the progressive loss of structure and function of neurons in the brain and spinal cord.
2. These disorders are characterized by the abnormal deposition of misfolded proteins that form plaques and tangles within neurons, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death.
3. Common symptoms across neurodegenerative disorders include cognitive decline, psychiatric symptoms like depression, and movement problems; the specific manifestations depend on the areas of the brain affected.
Localization
This document discusses neurological examination and localization of lesions in the nervous system. It describes the steps in neurological diagnosis and provides information on localization of lesions at different levels of the neuraxis from the cortex to muscles. Key signs and symptoms are outlined for upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron lesions, as well as peripheral nerve disorders, neuromuscular junction disorders, and muscle disorders. Specific examination findings that help localize lesions in different parts of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and neuromuscular junction are also summarized.
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by patches of demyelination in the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by an immune-mediated process that damages myelin and oligodendrocytes. Symptoms vary depending on the location of lesions but may include visual disturbances, weakness, numbness, fatigue, and cognitive changes. Diagnosis involves neurological examination, MRI imaging showing lesions, and visual evoked potential testing. While there is no cure, medications can help reduce symptoms and modify the progression of the disease.
Neurotoxicity
Neurotoxicity can cause adverse changes in the structure or function of the central nervous system due to exposure to chemicals, physical agents, or biological factors. The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS; brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (PNS; nerves connecting CNS to body). Neurotoxicity can impact neurons, axons, myelinating cells, or neurotransmitter systems. Mechanisms include neuropathies (neuron death), axonopathies (axon degeneration), myelinopathies (myelin disruption), or toxicity associated with neurotransmitters like acetylcholine. Examples of neurotoxic agents are methyl mercury, doxorubicin, trimethyltin, pyridinethion
motor neuron diseases.pptx.pdf
Motor neuron diseases are a group of neurological disorders that affect the motor neurons responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movements. These diseases cause the motor neurons to degenerate or die, leading to progressive weakness and muscle wasting that impacts movement, speech, breathing, and daily activities. The major types of motor neuron diseases include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), progressive bulbar palsy (PBP), primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), and Kennedy disease. While the causes are complex, genetic mutations and environmental factors can contribute to motor neuron degeneration and disease development. Treatments aim to manage symptoms and slow progression through medications, physical therapy,
Major neuropathological conditions
This document summarizes several major neuropathological conditions:
- Brain tumors can be benign or cancerous and cause symptoms depending on the affected brain lobe. Treatment involves surgery, radiotherapy, and sometimes chemotherapy.
- Parkinson's disease results from cell death in the substantia nigra and involves motor and psychiatric symptoms. Treatment begins with L-DOPA but other therapies may be needed as the disease progresses.
- Seizures are generalized or partial and have several subtypes. They result from imbalances in brain cell excitation and inhibition.
- Alzheimer's disease causes progressive brain cell death and shrinkage. It involves memory loss and other cognitive declines. Risk increases with age and plaques and tangles
lower motor neuron lesion (LMNL)
1. The document discusses the motor system and different types of motor neurons. It describes upper motor neurons that originate in the brain and carry signals to lower motor neurons.
2. Lower motor neurons are located in the spinal cord and brainstem and innervate skeletal muscles. Lesions or damage to lower motor neurons or their axons result in flaccid paralysis, muscle wasting, and loss of reflexes.
3. Specific conditions that damage lower motor neurons or their connections to muscles are also mentioned, including polio and peripheral neuropathies. Tests for lower motor neuron lesions include assessing for muscle fasciculations and reactions to electric stimulation.
Motor neuron disease
Motor neuron disease (MND) refers to conditions characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of MND and involves both upper and lower motor neurons. ALS is clinically defined based on involvement of motor neurons and includes features such as muscle weakness, atrophy, fasciculations, and stiffness. The pathology of ALS involves degeneration and death of motor neurons in the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord leading to muscle denervation and atrophy. While the cause of ALS is largely unknown, factors such as oxidative stress, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and glutamate excitotoxicity are hypothesized to contribute to motor neuron de
Multiple sclerosis biplave
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease characterized by inflammation and damage to the myelin sheath and neurons in the central nervous system. It typically presents with relapsing and remitting neurological symptoms that vary depending on the location of lesions in the brain and spinal cord. Magnetic resonance imaging is a key diagnostic tool that reveals characteristic white matter lesions in areas like the brainstem and spinal cord in over 95% of patients. While the exact cause is unknown, risk factors include genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers like low vitamin D levels and Epstein-Barr virus exposure.
Ectobal revitalization
ECTOBAL is a revitalization material for the nervous system. It acts as a co-enzyme in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, which is involved in myelin synthesis. ECTOBAL also plays a role in the production of thymidylate, an important component of DNA. It supports nervous system functions including sensation, integration, and reaction. ECTOBAL is indicated for various types of neuropathies as well as low back pain and sciatica.
Sectional dentures for microstomia patients.pptx
Microstomia, characterized by an abnormally small oral aperture, presents significant challenges in prosthodontic treatment, including limited access for examination, difficulties in impression making, and challenges with prosthesis insertion and removal. To manage these issues, customized impression techniques using sectional trays and elastomeric materials are employed. Prostheses may be designed in segments or with flexible materials to facilitate handling. Minimally invasive procedures and the use of digital technologies can enhance patient comfort. Education and training for patients on prosthesis care and maintenance are crucial for compliance. Regular follow-up and a multidisciplinary approach, involving collaboration with other specialists, ensure comprehensive care and improved quality of life for microstomia patients.
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Motor neuron disease
Motor neuron disease is a rare disease it doesn't have any cure here in this video I have tried playing what is mnd its types causes how to diagnose and its management plan
neurobiology of brain and everyday behaviour
This is the final project for the course neurobiology of brain and behaviour. This consists analysis of the neurodegenerative disease- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ASL)
Motor neuron disease.pptx new
Motor neuron diseases are a group of rare neurodegenerative disorders that progressively cause nerves in the brain and spinal cord to lose function, affecting voluntary muscle movement. The most common type in adults is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which affects both upper and lower motor neurons. There is no cure for motor neuron diseases, so treatment focuses on managing symptoms and maximizing quality of life through supportive care, rehabilitation, and FDA-approved drugs that may slow progression. Prognosis depends on the specific type of motor neuron disease and age of onset, with some forms being fatal and others non-fatal but still impacting quality of life over time.
Multiple sclerosis.ppt
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and gliosis in the central nervous system. It affects around 5 million people worldwide. The cause is unknown but involves genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms vary widely and can include sensory disturbances, motor symptoms, visual problems, ataxia, and cognitive impairment. Diagnosis involves demonstrating dissemination of lesions in the CNS over time via MRI imaging or evoked potentials testing, and sometimes analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. There are several disease courses including relapsing-remitting MS, primary progressive MS, and secondary progressive MS. Management aims to reduce inflammation and disability progression.
ALS - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ALS is a neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. It causes progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. There is currently no cure, and the average survival time is 3-5 years from symptom onset. Riluzole is the only approved treatment shown to modestly prolong survival. Supportive care focuses on managing symptoms like spasticity, secretions, and respiratory failure to prolong function and quality of life. The ice bucket challenge raised significant funds for ALS research. Diagnosis requires ruling out other causes and demonstrating both upper and lower motor neuron signs that progress over time.
MND.pptx
Motor neuron disease is a progressive disorder characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem, and motor cortex. This leads to muscle weakness, wasting, and fasciculations. The disease has an average prevalence of 5 per 100,000 people. Most cases are sporadic, though around 5-10% of cases are familial and associated with mutations in the SOD1 gene. Clinical features include upper and lower motor neuron signs like spasticity and muscle wasting without sensory involvement. Disease progression is usually rapid and leads to death within a year on average due to respiratory failure. Current treatment options aim to prolong survival and manage symptoms but do not alter the progressive course of the disease.
MOTOR NEURON DISEASE.pptx
Motor neuron diseases are a group of neurodegenerative disorders that progressively cause nerves in the brain and spinal cord to lose function, affecting voluntary muscle movement. The most common type in adults is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which affects both upper and lower motor neurons. There is no cure and treatments focus on managing symptoms and maximizing independence. Prognosis depends on the specific type of motor neuron disease and age of onset, with some forms being fatal and others non-fatal but still reducing quality of life over time.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.pptx Multiple sclerosis presented by Ofosu Bempah Kingsley...
Multiple sclerosis presented by Ofosu Bempah Kingsley, ECG Hospital, Kpandai-Ghana
Neuromuscular Disorders
This document discusses several neuromuscular disorders including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Spinal Cord Injury, Huntington's Chorea, and Spinal Muscle Atrophy. It provides details on ALS such as the pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, course of the disease, etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and complications. Comparisons are made between ALS and other disorders such as MS, Spinal Cord Injury, Huntington's Chorea, and Spinal Muscle Atrophy.
Motor neuron lesions ( UMNL & LMNL )
small intoduction to motor system ,then upper and lower motor neuron lesions with causes ,symptoms and treatment
neurodegenerative diseases
1. Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis are caused by the progressive loss of structure and function of neurons in the brain and spinal cord.
2. These disorders are characterized by the abnormal deposition of misfolded proteins that form plaques and tangles within neurons, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death.
3. Common symptoms across neurodegenerative disorders include cognitive decline, psychiatric symptoms like depression, and movement problems; the specific manifestations depend on the areas of the brain affected.
Localization
This document discusses neurological examination and localization of lesions in the nervous system. It describes the steps in neurological diagnosis and provides information on localization of lesions at different levels of the neuraxis from the cortex to muscles. Key signs and symptoms are outlined for upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron lesions, as well as peripheral nerve disorders, neuromuscular junction disorders, and muscle disorders. Specific examination findings that help localize lesions in different parts of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and neuromuscular junction are also summarized.
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by patches of demyelination in the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by an immune-mediated process that damages myelin and oligodendrocytes. Symptoms vary depending on the location of lesions but may include visual disturbances, weakness, numbness, fatigue, and cognitive changes. Diagnosis involves neurological examination, MRI imaging showing lesions, and visual evoked potential testing. While there is no cure, medications can help reduce symptoms and modify the progression of the disease.
Neurotoxicity
Neurotoxicity can cause adverse changes in the structure or function of the central nervous system due to exposure to chemicals, physical agents, or biological factors. The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS; brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (PNS; nerves connecting CNS to body). Neurotoxicity can impact neurons, axons, myelinating cells, or neurotransmitter systems. Mechanisms include neuropathies (neuron death), axonopathies (axon degeneration), myelinopathies (myelin disruption), or toxicity associated with neurotransmitters like acetylcholine. Examples of neurotoxic agents are methyl mercury, doxorubicin, trimethyltin, pyridinethion
motor neuron diseases.pptx.pdf
Motor neuron diseases are a group of neurological disorders that affect the motor neurons responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movements. These diseases cause the motor neurons to degenerate or die, leading to progressive weakness and muscle wasting that impacts movement, speech, breathing, and daily activities. The major types of motor neuron diseases include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), progressive bulbar palsy (PBP), primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), and Kennedy disease. While the causes are complex, genetic mutations and environmental factors can contribute to motor neuron degeneration and disease development. Treatments aim to manage symptoms and slow progression through medications, physical therapy,
Major neuropathological conditions
This document summarizes several major neuropathological conditions:
- Brain tumors can be benign or cancerous and cause symptoms depending on the affected brain lobe. Treatment involves surgery, radiotherapy, and sometimes chemotherapy.
- Parkinson's disease results from cell death in the substantia nigra and involves motor and psychiatric symptoms. Treatment begins with L-DOPA but other therapies may be needed as the disease progresses.
- Seizures are generalized or partial and have several subtypes. They result from imbalances in brain cell excitation and inhibition.
- Alzheimer's disease causes progressive brain cell death and shrinkage. It involves memory loss and other cognitive declines. Risk increases with age and plaques and tangles
lower motor neuron lesion (LMNL)
1. The document discusses the motor system and different types of motor neurons. It describes upper motor neurons that originate in the brain and carry signals to lower motor neurons.
2. Lower motor neurons are located in the spinal cord and brainstem and innervate skeletal muscles. Lesions or damage to lower motor neurons or their axons result in flaccid paralysis, muscle wasting, and loss of reflexes.
3. Specific conditions that damage lower motor neurons or their connections to muscles are also mentioned, including polio and peripheral neuropathies. Tests for lower motor neuron lesions include assessing for muscle fasciculations and reactions to electric stimulation.
Motor neuron disease
Motor neuron disease (MND) refers to conditions characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of MND and involves both upper and lower motor neurons. ALS is clinically defined based on involvement of motor neurons and includes features such as muscle weakness, atrophy, fasciculations, and stiffness. The pathology of ALS involves degeneration and death of motor neurons in the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord leading to muscle denervation and atrophy. While the cause of ALS is largely unknown, factors such as oxidative stress, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and glutamate excitotoxicity are hypothesized to contribute to motor neuron de
Multiple sclerosis biplave
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease characterized by inflammation and damage to the myelin sheath and neurons in the central nervous system. It typically presents with relapsing and remitting neurological symptoms that vary depending on the location of lesions in the brain and spinal cord. Magnetic resonance imaging is a key diagnostic tool that reveals characteristic white matter lesions in areas like the brainstem and spinal cord in over 95% of patients. While the exact cause is unknown, risk factors include genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers like low vitamin D levels and Epstein-Barr virus exposure.
Ectobal revitalization
ECTOBAL is a revitalization material for the nervous system. It acts as a co-enzyme in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, which is involved in myelin synthesis. ECTOBAL also plays a role in the production of thymidylate, an important component of DNA. It supports nervous system functions including sensation, integration, and reaction. ECTOBAL is indicated for various types of neuropathies as well as low back pain and sciatica.
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Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
一比一原版(EUR毕业证)鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证如何办理
EUR毕业证offer【微信95270640】《鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证书原版制作EUR成绩单》【Q微信95270640】《仿制EUR毕业证成绩单鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学学位证书pdf电子图》，A.为什么留学生需要操作留信认证?
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查询留服认证是国内鉴别留学生海外学历的唯一途径，但认证只是个体行为，不是所有留学生都操作，所以没有办理认证的留学生的学历在国内也是查询不到的，他们也仅仅只有一张文凭。所以这时候我们提供的和学校颁发的一模一样的毕业证成绩单，就有了使用价值。
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6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快递邮寄鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学毕业证假文凭）。地跟着父亲昼夜兼程第二天凌晨就辗转到了父亲的城哇父亲的城真的好大好美哟走出广州火车东站的那一刻山娃感受到了一种从未有过的激动和震撼太美了可爱的广州父亲的城山娃惊喜得几乎叫出声来山娃觉得父亲太伟大了居然能单匹马地跑到这么远这么大这么美的地方赚大钱高楼大厦鳞次栉比大街小巷人潮涌动山娃一路张望一路惊叹他发现城里的桥居然层层叠叠扭来扭去桥下没水却有着水一般的车水马龙山娃惊诧于城里的公交车那么大那么美不的
Pneumothorax and role of Physiotherapy in it.
This particular slides consist of- what is Pneumothorax,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is a summary of Pneumothorax:
Pneumothorax, also known as a collapsed lung, is a condition that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall. This air buildup puts pressure on the lung, preventing it from expanding fully when you breathe. A pneumothorax can cause a complete or partial collapse of the lung.
ilide.info-assessment-of-renal-and-urinary-tract-function-pr_1aae1860e4cff0a4...
Assessment of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
Hypotension and role of physiotherapy in it
This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
The Importance of Black Women Understanding the Chemicals in Their Personal C...
Certain chemicals, such as phthalates and parabens, can disrupt the body's hormones and have significant effects on health. According to data, hormone-related health issues such as uterine fibroids, infertility, early puberty and more aggressive forms of breast and endometrial cancers disproportionately affect Black women. Our guest speaker, Jasmine A. McDonald, PhD, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Epidemiology at Columbia University in New York City, discusses the scientific reasons why Black women should pay attention to specific chemicals in their personal care products, like hair care, and ways to minimize their exposure.
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如果你回国在学历认证方面有以下难题请联系我们我们将竭诚为你解决认证瓶颈
1所有材料真实但资料不全无法提供完全齐整的原件。【如：成绩单丶毕业证丶回国证明等材料中有遗失的。】
2获得真实的国外最终学历学位但国外本科学历就读经历存在问题或缺陷。【如：国外本科是教育部不承认的或者是联合办学项目教育部没有备案的或者外本科没有正常毕业的。】
3学分转移联合办学等情况复杂不知道怎么整理材料的。时间紧迫自己不清楚递交流程的。
如果你是以上情况之一请联系我们我们将在第一时间内给你免费咨询相关信息。我们将帮助你整理认证所需的各种材料.帮你解决国外学历认证难题。
国外旧金山大学旧金山大学硕士学位证成绩单办理方法：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询旧金山大学旧金山大学硕士学位证成绩单）；
2开始安排制作旧金山大学毕业证成绩单电子图；
3旧金山大学毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4旧金山大学毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5旧金山大学成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。头贼脑的倒也逗人喜爱日上三竿时山娃总爱窜进自家瓜棚里跟小伙伴们坐着聊天聊着聊着便忍不住往瓜田里逡巡一番抱起一只硕大的西瓜用石刀劈开抑或用拳头砸开每人抱起一大块就啃啃得满嘴满脸猴屁股般的红艳大家一个劲地指着对方吃吃地笑瓜裂得古怪奇形怪状却丝毫不影响瓜味甜丝丝的满嘴生津遍地都是瓜横七竖八的活像掷满了一地的大石块摘走二三只爷爷是断然发现不了的即便发现爷爷也不恼反而教山娃辨认孰熟孰嫩孰甜孰淡名义上是护瓜吃
CCSN_June_06 2024_jones. Cancer Rehabpptx
About this webinar: This talk will introduce what cancer rehabilitation is, where it fits into the cancer trajectory, and who can benefit from it. In addition, the current landscape of cancer rehabilitation in Canada will be discussed and the need for advocacy to increase access to this essential component of cancer care.
Exploring the Benefits of Binaural Hearing: Why Two Hearing Aids Are Better T...
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Binaural hearing using two hearing aids instead of one offers numerous advantages, including improved sound localization, enhanced sound quality, better speech understanding in noise, reduced listening effort, and greater overall satisfaction. By leveraging the brain’s natural ability to process sound from both ears, binaural hearing aids provide a more balanced, clear, and comfortable hearing experience. If you or a loved one is considering hearing aids, consult with a hearing care professional at Ear Solutions hearing aid clinic in Mumbai to explore the benefits of binaural hearing and determine the best solution for your hearing needs. Embracing binaural hearing can lead to a richer, more engaging auditory experience and significantly improve your quality of life.
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MOTOR NEURON DISEASE - Presentation Neuro
- 2. WHAT IS MND? • Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are a group of progressive neurological disorders that destroy motor neurons, the cells that control skeletal muscle activity such as walking, breathing, speaking, and swallowing. • Group of disorders that affects the nerves in the spine and brain to progressively lose its function. • They are a rare but serious and incurable form of progressive neurodegeneration. • It is a condition that selectively affects
- 3. • Messages or signals from nerve cells in the brain (upper motor neurons) are typically transmitted to nerve cells in the brain stem and spinal cord (lower motor neurons) and then to muscles in the body. Upper motor neurons direct the lower motor neurons to produce muscle movements. • When the muscles cannot receive signals from the lower motor neurons, they begin to weaken and shrink in size (muscle atrophy or wasting). • When the lower motor neurons cannot receive signals from the upper motor neurons, it can cause muscle stiffness (spasticity) and overactive reflexes. This can make voluntary movements slow and difficult.
- 4. PREVALENCE OF MND • Incidence: 2 per 100 000 per year, with a prevalence of 6 per 100000. • It can affect adults of any age but is more likely to affect people over 50 to 70 years of age. •Familial ALS accounts for 5% of cases and is usually inherited as a dominant trait. • Sex ratio: male/female – 1.5:1 • Mean age of onset – 55 years. • Mean survival – 3 years (50%).
- 5. STRUCTURES INVOLVED IN MND • It is the characteristic degeneration of the motor neurons which include both the upper and lower motor neurons. • Different levels of the nervous system are involved: 1. Frontal atrophy in the precentral gyrus 2. The corticobulbar pathway 3. The cranial nerve nuclei 4. The corticospinal tract 5. The anterior horn cell
- 7. T H A N K – Y O U