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ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR
Motivational Theories
Presented by
Dr. Rahila Ali
Aim of the topic
• Students will be in a position to apply the principles of
organizational behavior to a variety of business situations.
• They will learn about what drives individuals to work
towards a goal or outcome.
Learning Outcome
• Evaluate how to motivate individuals and teams to
achieve a goal.
• Apply concepts and philosophies of organizational
behavior to a given business situation
Organizational Behavior
•At the individual level of analysis, the study of learning, perception, creativity,
motivation, personality.
•At the group level of analysis, the study of group dynamics, intra- and intergroup conflict,
leadership, interpersonal communication, networks, and roles.
•At the organization level of analysis, the study of topics such as organizational culture,
organizational structure, change, technology, and external environmental forces.
“Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study of
human behavior in organizational settings, the
interface between human behavior and the
organization, and the organization itself.”
Motivation
Motivation is the reason for people's
actions, desires, and needs.
The processes that account for an
individual’s intensity, direction and
persistence of effort toward attaining
goal
Motivation – In Organisations
What is it that drives our behaviours?
Does the motivation arise from outside or inside the individual?
Theories of Motivation
Content theories deal with “what”
motivates people concerned with individual
needs and goals
Process theories deal with process” of
motivation and are concerned with “how”
motivation occurs.
1. Maslow’s Theory
•Need drive motivation
•When each need is substantially satisfied ,the next need become dominant
•A satisfied need no more motivates you
0
2. Herzberg's 2 Factor Theory
The conclusion he drew is that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are not opposites.
The opposite of Satisfaction is No Satisfaction.
The opposite of Dissatisfaction is No Dissatisfaction.
Therefore, if you set about eliminating dissatisfying job factors, you may create peace but not
necessarily bring motivation
3. Alderfer’s ERG Theory
•ERG does not assume any rigidity related to level of need
•Person can be at multiple levels
•It is not necessary that a person must satisfy the lower order
need to reach higher level needs
Activity
4. BF Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory
•The theory states that individual’s behavior is a function of its consequences
•It is based on law of effect
•Positive consequences tends to repeat , Negative consequences tends not to be
repeated
It says that the level of reward we receive, compared to our own sense of our
contribution, affects our motivation. The theory considers the concept of equality
and fairness, as well as the importance of comparison to others.
5. Adams Equity Theory
3 situations of equity theory
•Output/Input A=Output/Input B- Equity is there
•Output/Input A> Output/Input B-inequity is there due to over
rewarded
•Output/Input A< Output/Input B-inequity is there due to under
rewarded
6. Latham & Locke's Goal-Setting Theory
Latham & Locke's research showed that goal setting is linked to task performance
He found that specific and difficult goals along with feedback led to better task
performance than vague or easy goals.
People get motivated with difficult goals as it keep them away from distraction.
Such goals push and energize to do hard work and generate motivation
Group Discussion
• What are implications of motivational theory on
management and leadership within organisations?

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Motivational Theories.pptx

  • 2. Aim of the topic • Students will be in a position to apply the principles of organizational behavior to a variety of business situations. • They will learn about what drives individuals to work towards a goal or outcome.
  • 3. Learning Outcome • Evaluate how to motivate individuals and teams to achieve a goal. • Apply concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior to a given business situation
  • 4. Organizational Behavior •At the individual level of analysis, the study of learning, perception, creativity, motivation, personality. •At the group level of analysis, the study of group dynamics, intra- and intergroup conflict, leadership, interpersonal communication, networks, and roles. •At the organization level of analysis, the study of topics such as organizational culture, organizational structure, change, technology, and external environmental forces. “Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself.”
  • 5. Motivation Motivation is the reason for people's actions, desires, and needs. The processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining goal
  • 6. Motivation – In Organisations What is it that drives our behaviours? Does the motivation arise from outside or inside the individual?
  • 7. Theories of Motivation Content theories deal with “what” motivates people concerned with individual needs and goals Process theories deal with process” of motivation and are concerned with “how” motivation occurs.
  • 8. 1. Maslow’s Theory •Need drive motivation •When each need is substantially satisfied ,the next need become dominant •A satisfied need no more motivates you 0
  • 9. 2. Herzberg's 2 Factor Theory The conclusion he drew is that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are not opposites. The opposite of Satisfaction is No Satisfaction. The opposite of Dissatisfaction is No Dissatisfaction. Therefore, if you set about eliminating dissatisfying job factors, you may create peace but not necessarily bring motivation
  • 10. 3. Alderfer’s ERG Theory •ERG does not assume any rigidity related to level of need •Person can be at multiple levels •It is not necessary that a person must satisfy the lower order need to reach higher level needs
  • 12. 4. BF Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory •The theory states that individual’s behavior is a function of its consequences •It is based on law of effect •Positive consequences tends to repeat , Negative consequences tends not to be repeated
  • 13. It says that the level of reward we receive, compared to our own sense of our contribution, affects our motivation. The theory considers the concept of equality and fairness, as well as the importance of comparison to others. 5. Adams Equity Theory 3 situations of equity theory •Output/Input A=Output/Input B- Equity is there •Output/Input A> Output/Input B-inequity is there due to over rewarded •Output/Input A< Output/Input B-inequity is there due to under rewarded
  • 14. 6. Latham & Locke's Goal-Setting Theory Latham & Locke's research showed that goal setting is linked to task performance He found that specific and difficult goals along with feedback led to better task performance than vague or easy goals. People get motivated with difficult goals as it keep them away from distraction. Such goals push and energize to do hard work and generate motivation
  • 15. Group Discussion • What are implications of motivational theory on management and leadership within organisations?