The document discusses several important discoveries in history, including: 1. Fire, which was discovered in the Stone Age and was vital for human development as it provided light, heat, and the ability to cook food. 2. Language, which allowed individuals in tribes to cooperate and work together to survive harsh environmental conditions. 3. Electricity, which transformed modern society and without which we could not imagine technologies like computers, televisions, and radios. 4. Penicillin, an antibiotic discovered by Alexander Fleming that has saved many lives by preventing and treating illnesses caused by germs.