the proponent of the morphological analysis of folktale. the methods and materials used in this study. the functions of the dramatis personnae

1. Morphology
of
Folktale

2. Folktale

3. History of the
Problem

4. Why study of the general characteristics of
Folktale arouse:
• Scholarly literature concerning the tale is
not especially rich.
• Mostly texts themselves are published
• There are quite particular there are no
general works on the tale.
• There are no general works on the tale.

5. Professor Speranskij

7. • most famous for Morphology of the Folktale.
• analyzed many of his country's folk tales and
identified common themes within them.
• broke down the stories into morphemes (analyzable
chunks) and identified 31 narratemes (narrative
units) that comprised the structure of many of the
stories.
• responded to Antti Aarne, who focused on motifs
(i.e., repeated story elements) and developed the
Aarne–Thompson tale type index, by arguing that
Aarne identified patterns but ignored the function(s)
of these elements.
• work would also go on to influence Roland Barthes
and Claude Levi-Strauss, individuals working in
mythology and folkloric studies. Given that Propp
was interested in written language, his study of
folklore has been criticized for its emphasis on the

8. Method
and
Material

9. 1. Ivan marries a tsar’s daughter, is entirely
different to the marriage of the father to a
widow with two daughters.
2. A hero receives money from his father in the
form of 100 rubles and buys a wise cat with
this money, whereas in second case, the hero
is rewarded with a sum of money for an
accomplished act of bravery.

10. Observations cited may be briefly
formulated in the following manner:
1. Functions of characters serve as stable,
independent of how and by whom they are
fulfilled.
2. The number of functions known to the fairy
tale is limited.
3. The sequence of functions is always
identical.
4. All fairy tales are of one type of regard to
their structure.

11. The Functions
of Dramatis Personae

12. I. ABSENTATION (β) – one of the members of a
family absents him from home.
II. INTERDICTION () – Hero is warned
III. VIOLATION () – the interdiction is violated
IV. RECONNAISSANCE () – the villain seeks
something
V. DELIVERY () – the villain receives information
about his victim.
VI. TRICKERY () – the villain attempts to deceive his
victim in order to take possession of him or of
his belongings.
VII. COMPLICITY () – the victim submits to deception
and thereby unwitting helps his enemy.

13. VIII.VILLAINY / LACK (A) – the villain causes harm or injury
to a member of a family/one of a family either lack
something or desires to have something.
IX. MEDIATION (B) – misfortune of lack is made known;
the hero is approached with a request or command;
he is allowed to go or he is dispatched.
X. BEGINNING COUNTERACTION (C) – hero chooses
positive action.
XI. DEPARTURE (↑) – the hero leaves home.
XII. THE FUNCTION OF THE DONOR (D) –the hero is
tested, interrogated, attacked, etc., which prepares
the way for his receiving either a magical agent or
helper.
XIII.THE HERO’S REACTION (E) – the hero reacts to the
actions of the future donor/ the hero responds to the
test.

14. XIV.PROVISION OR RECEIPT OF MAGICAL AGENT (F) – the
hero gain magical items.
XV. SPATIAL TRANSFERENCE BETWEEN TWO KINGDOMS,
GUIDANCE (G) – the hero is transferred, delivered, or
led to the whereabouts of an object of search.
XVI.STRUGGLE (H) – the hero and the villain join in direct
combat.
XVII.BRANDING, MARKING (J) – the hero is branded.
XVIII.VICTORY (I) – the villain is defeated.
XIX.RESOLUTION (K) – the initial misfortune or lack is
resolved.
XX. RETURN (↓) – the hero returns.
XXI.PURSUIT, CHASE (Pr) – the hero is pursued.

15. XXII.RESCUE (Rs) – rescue of the hero from the pursuit.
XXIII.UNRECOGNIZED ARRIVAL (O) – the hero, unrecognized,
arrives home or in another country.
XXIV.UNFOUNDED CLAIMS (L) – a false hero presents
unfounded claims.
XXV.DIFFICULT TASK (M) – a difficult task is proposed to the
hero.
XXVI.SOLUTION (N) – the task is resolved.
XXVII.RECOGNITION (Q) – the hero is recognized.
XXVIII.EXPOSURE (Ex) – the false hero or villain is exposed.
XXIX.TRNSFIGURATION (T) – the hero is given new
appearance.
XXX.PUNISHMENT (U) – the villain is punished.
XXXI.WEDDING (W) – the hero is married and ascends the
throne.