airport Airport engg on design and other things

1. AIRCRAFT CHARACTERISTICS
RELATED TO AIRPORT PLANNING
& DESIGN
By
Dr. Mithun Mohan
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2. BASIC TERMINOLOGY
1. Aircraft:
• “Any machine which finds its support in the atmosphere due to reactions of the air”
• It is a general term which includes aero-plane, helicopter, rocket, etc.
a) subsonic aircraft- Aircraft speed is less than the speed of sound
b) supersonic aircraft- Aircraft speed is greater than the speed of sound.
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3. FORCES ACTING ON AN AIRCRAFT
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4. FORCES ACTING ON AN AIRCRAFT
1. Weight
• Weight is a force that is always directed toward the centre of the earth.
• The magnitude of the weight depends on the mass of all the airplane parts, plus
the amount of fuel, plus any payload on board (people, baggage, freight, etc.).
2. Lift
• To overcome the weight force, airplanes generate an opposing force called lift.
• It is generated by the motion of the airplane through the air and is an
aerodynamic force.
• Lift is directed perpendicular to the flight direction.
• The magnitude of the lift depends on several factors including the shape, size,
and velocity of the aircraft.
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5. FORCES ACTING ON AN AIRCRAFT
3. Drag
• The air resists the motion of the aircraft and the resistance force is called drag.
• Drag is directed along and opposed to the flight direction.
• there are many factors that affect the magnitude of the drag force including the
shape of the aircraft, the "stickiness" of the air, and the velocity of the aircraft.
4. Thrust
• To overcome drag, airplanes use a propulsion system to generate a force called
thrust.
• The direction of the thrust force depends on how the engines are attached to the
aircraft, type of engine, the number of engines, and the throttle setting.
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6. FORCES ACTING ON AN AIRCRAFT
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7. AIRCRAFT MOTION AND PRINCIPAL AXES
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8. AIRCRAFT PITCH MOTION
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9. AIRCRAFT ROLL MOTION
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10. AIRCRAFT YAW MOTION
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11. HOW AIRCRAFT STAYS AFLOAT?
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12. WINGS
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13. CONTROL SURFACES OF AIRCRAFT
• Elevators → Pitch
• Ailerons → Roll
• Rudders → Yaw
• Flaps → Lift and Drag
• Slats → Lift
• Spoilers → Lift, Drag and Roll
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14. AIRCRAFT PITCH MOTION
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15. AIRCRAFT ROLL MOTION
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16. AIRCRAFT YAW MOTION
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17. FLAPS AND SLATS
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18. SPOILERS
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19. AIRPLANE PARTS AND FUNCTIONS
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