Webinar on last-mile connectivity of LV / MV substations using LoRaWAN. This session covers the importance of network monitoring for LV and MV electrical distribution network and why do we need that by looking at some of the use cases and business benefits. It also covers the required network communication characteristics and issues faced to monitor data from assets deployment on the wide distribution area and how LoRaWAN technology plays a significant role in solving these issues.

1. Monitoring MV & LV Assets using
LoRaWAN

2. Agenda
• Electrical Distribution (MV/LV) Network
• Why do we need to monitor MV & LV network?
• Devices & Data to be connected
• Communication Characteristics Requirements
• Technology Comparison
• Introduction to LoRAWAN
• Network Architecture
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3. Electrical Distribution (MV/LV) Network
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LV Network
MV Network
MV Network
HV Network

4. Why do we need to monitor MV & LV network?
• Monitor power reliability - SAIFI, SAIDI, MAIFI
• Power Quality Monitoring – TPQI,THD, PQD
• Detection of ‘Abnormal power usage’
• Asset management & equipment maintenance
• Network planning – Balancing/loading
• Distributed energy resource integration
• Power Reliability & Quality control - (FLISR / Volt-Var)
• Metering & Loss Accounting
• Network operations & maintenance
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5. Typical devices & data
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Devices Data
Medium Voltage
FPI / LFI Line fault & Earth Fault current
Sectionalizer, Auto-reclosure Switch positions
Sensors
Winding/ Oil Temperature , Oil Pressure
Ambient Temperature, Bus bar temperature , Palm temperature
Feeder Protection Relay Protection operation, Earth Fault, pwoer Flow direction
Low Voltage
Meters
Supply Voltage & Current of each phase, Maximum demand per phase
Max, Min, Average Load & voltage per phase (10/30 minute)
LV feeder phase loads (where required)
Harmonics Current, Voltage, THD, Imbalance -Current & Voltage
Switch Switch position
Calculated Real Time Thermal Ratings for LV cables, load factor

6. Communication Characteristics Required
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Adaptable for less dense rural
areas with higher distance
between nodes. Should use
minimal co-Ordinator/ Edge
router or Base stations
Long Range
Single base station shall
manage Several thousands
of sensors
Higher Nodes
Lets operational cost for large
number of nodes. Preferred to
use unlicensed channels and
multiple service provider should
have flexibility to use same link.
Open software
Low Cost
Adaptable for be adaptable for
dense locations also should have
deep indoor penetration for
reading data from enterprise
buildings/ substations
High Penetration
Should have capability to
identify the geo-location
automatically with out
using additional cost
Geo-location

7. Technology Comparison Plot
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Network Range
Bandwidth
NFC
Bluetooth LE
Wifi
802.11.a/b/c
Wifi
802.11ah/ad/n
WBAN
802.15.6
WPAN
802.15.3
Zigbee/
802.15.4
2G
3G
4G/ NBIoT
VSAT
LoRaWAN

8. Technology Comparison
8
https://lora-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2018-04/what-is-lorawan.pdf
Cost $ $ $$$ $$$ $$

9. What is LoRaWANTM
• LoRaR – Wireless Physical layer
• Modulation – Chirp spread spectrum
• Long range- high link budget
• Star architecture
• Asynchronous communication
• High network capacity
• Device classes depending upon application
• Geo-location
• Multi-cast Messaging
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10. Device Classes
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Devices are continuously listening
Message are sent downlink message any time
Suitable for application that require low latencies

11. LoRaWANTM Stack
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EU 868
https://lora-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2018-04/what-is-lorawan.pdf
EU 433 US 915 AS 430
Regional ISM Bands
IN 865
LoRA Modulation
Class B (Continuous)Class A Class C (Continuous)
MAC Options
LoRAR WAN
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DLMS DNP3.0 Modbus
Zigbee app stack Proprietary stack
SCHC Compression & fragmentation
https://lora-alliance.org/sites/default/files/2019-11/dlms-lorawan-whitepaper_v1.pdf
IP v6

12. Network Architecture
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LoRa WAN
Network Server
API / TCP/IP
Historians
SCADA
DMS
DERMS
ADMS
Range in KMs
MQTT
DNP3/IEC
ICCP/
IEEE2030.5
Frontend Gateway /
Data hubSCHC
Gateway

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