1. NEW STUDY PROVIDES
MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO
HOW GENE TRANSCRIPTION IS
REGULATED IN MAMMALIAN
CELLS
AND
GENETIC 911: CELLS'
EMERGENCY SYSTEMS
REVEALED
MARÍA ALEJANDRA MEJÍA CARMONA
MEDICAL STUDENT
III SEMESTER

4. INTRODUCTION
- DNA is closely associated
with a proteins, the
histones, to form tightly
packed chromosomes.
- The complex of DNA
and histone proteins is
termed chromatin.
-ARN, the language of
the life
- The information in the
gene sequences is carried
to ribosomes in the form
of mRNA.

5. NEW STUDY PROVIDES
MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO
HOW GENE TRANSCRIPTION IS
REGULATED IN MAMMALIAN
CELLS
“ The scientist developed a state-of-the-
art sequencing technology called Chromatin
Interaction Analysis for performing the
genome-wide mapping of long-range
interactions between chromatins ”
Phys org
( July 18, 2012 )

6. NEW STUDY PROVIDES
MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO
HOW GENE TRANSCRIPTION IS
REGULATED IN MAMMALIAN CELLS
The new
Which, the scientist technology
could see that organism
genes is regulated and
coordinated to carry
out the genetic Can looks at
Chromatin
different regions
programs encoded in of regulatory DNA
Interaction
Analysis
the genome for cellular sequences
functions in mammalian
cells.
Enhancers Promoters

7. NEW STUDY PROVIDES
MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO
HOW GENE TRANSCRIPTION IS
REGULATED IN MAMMALIAN CELLS
Promoters and nearby
DNA sequences within
the same gene
Promoters and
They grouped enhancers (located
chromatin outside the gene on the
interactions in same chromosome)
Promoters on different
genes.

8. The researchers found that
interacting genes are not only
expressed but also regulated in a
co-ordinated manner.
Final
Conclusion

9. OBSERVATION

10. Genetic 911: Cells' Emergency
Systems Revealed
“ Peter Dedon, and colleagues show that
cells treated with poisons and toxins
alter their chemical modification of
molecules known as transfer RNA
(tRNA), which deliver protein building
blocks within a cell ”
Sciende daily,
( July 3, 2012 )

11. Genetic 911: Cells' Emergency
Systems Revealed
The researchers
found
Turn on a system that
diverts the cell's
protein-building
machinery away from
its routine activities
to emergency action

12. The new
study
This modification
occurs predominantly They focused on
in the tRNAs that a particular tRNA
carry the amino acid modification
leucine.
which occurs when
cells encounter
known as
hydrogen peroxide, a
m5C
chemical produced by
white blood cells.
The cell produces much more of the
RPL22A protein when hydrogen peroxide
is present, provoking an increase in m5C

13. Final Genetic 911: Cells' Emergency
Conclusion Systems Revealed
Indeed, the researchers found
that hydrogen peroxide
increased many different types
of proteins from TTG-enriched
genes.
"Probably what we're going to find is a
code in the use of codons in the
genome, where classes of proteins are
grouped together by what the cell
needs for a particular stress
"This paper is a wonderful response.“
piece of work that really
shows that tRNA can have a
dramatic impact on gene
expression," says He, who was
not part of the research
team.

14. OBSERVATION
Thanks to this study the scientists show
unknown information about RNA that can
lead to future investigations, in this case,
RNA checkpoints and the function of
proteins in the mechanism of protect cells.
In addition, this study demonstrates how
theories and concepts once believed can
change at any moment, causing a number of
studies to shift their direction.

15. MEDICAL UTILITY
New Study Provides Mechanistic Insights Into How Gene
Transcription Is Regulated In Mammalian Cells
 By knowing the regulation of
chromatin interactions, the health
team can find and discover new
targets in order to prevent new
deseases and understand new
defects in the genetic code.

16. MEDICAL UTILITY
New Study Provides Mechanistic Insights Into How
Gene Transcription Is Regulated In Mammalian
Cells
 The study of chromatin
interactions could open up a new
understanding in the genetic
elements avoiding human diseases
and positively contributing to the
future of those patients to learn
about defects associated to the
regulation of gene activity.

17. MEDICAL UTILITY
Genetic 911: Cells' Emergency Systems Revealed
 By knowing about the role of ARN
at the transcription process we can
understand how is the structural,
enzymatic and conveyor operation
of the new proteins and its paper of
protecting the cell from toxins
that could damage its function.

18. MEDICAL UTILITY
Genetic 911: Cells' Emergency Systems
Revealed
 The proteins play an important role when we are
talking about the stress response in the cell, which
avoids the death of the cells and the damages in the
genome, in adition it contributes to prevent genetic
deseases.

19. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Martinez S, Lina Maria. Biología Molecular. 5
ed Medellín: UPB. Fac Medicina
• New study provides mechanistic insights into
how gene transcription is regulated in
mammalian cells , July 18, 2012
• Genetic 911: Cells' Emergency Systems
Revealed, July 3, 2012