The document summarizes research from a FOT-Net stakeholders meeting on defining functions, research questions, and hypotheses for a field operational test. It includes an agenda and discusses work being distributed across different packages to analyze user aspects and impacts on safety, traffic efficiency, and the environment. Hypotheses are defined for different intelligent vehicle functions being tested, with over 230 initial hypotheses identified. The goal is to prioritize and potentially exclude some hypotheses to limit the number being evaluated.
¿Se correlaciona el volumen de atención de pacientes VIH con calidad de cuidados, esquemas, seguimiento y atención en general de un paciente con infección VIH?
Today, influence is determined by how high a social score you have. But that dilutes what true influence is, and places the attention on the wrong people.
By focusing on the customer and identifying who truly influencers their decisions at key times in the purchase life cycle, we can target better and gather lead generation, increase customer acquisition, and provide real ROI for influence marketing campaigns.
¿Se correlaciona el volumen de atención de pacientes VIH con calidad de cuidados, esquemas, seguimiento y atención en general de un paciente con infección VIH?
Today, influence is determined by how high a social score you have. But that dilutes what true influence is, and places the attention on the wrong people.
By focusing on the customer and identifying who truly influencers their decisions at key times in the purchase life cycle, we can target better and gather lead generation, increase customer acquisition, and provide real ROI for influence marketing campaigns.
Guida di base alle Digital Arts: librerie, risorse, consigli e suggerimenti pratici per lo sviluppo di elaborati ad alto impatto visivo - documento a supporto dei webinar free & reserved dedicati al tema e disponibili su youtube all'indirizzo: http://youtube.com/artlandis77
Every once in a while a new technology changes the game. Some benefit from it while others fail to adapt. Long Term Evolution, or LTE for short, is on the surface ,just yet another fast wireless standard bringing us faster mobile networking. But just like the freeway was much more than just a faster road, LTE actually has a chance to change the rules for app developers and create new possibilities.
A class project
Using PageFlakes.com and Blogger.com for L2 writing practice: An e-brochure on travel and tourism in Venezuela by the students of English as a Foreign Language
By Jesús Bastidas
Social Media and reputation: what you can learn from big companiesAddison Group
A presentation we made for Project DigitISE, who hosted 'Get the Digital Edge', a series of workshops and seminars for University of Westminster students exploring digital literacy skills and employability.
We look at what online reputation is, why it matters, and how social media can affect it. By examining these questions in the light of FTSE100 activity on social media channels, we ask what it means for the individual.
Guida di base alle Digital Arts: librerie, risorse, consigli e suggerimenti pratici per lo sviluppo di elaborati ad alto impatto visivo - documento a supporto dei webinar free & reserved dedicati al tema e disponibili su youtube all'indirizzo: http://youtube.com/artlandis77
Every once in a while a new technology changes the game. Some benefit from it while others fail to adapt. Long Term Evolution, or LTE for short, is on the surface ,just yet another fast wireless standard bringing us faster mobile networking. But just like the freeway was much more than just a faster road, LTE actually has a chance to change the rules for app developers and create new possibilities.
A class project
Using PageFlakes.com and Blogger.com for L2 writing practice: An e-brochure on travel and tourism in Venezuela by the students of English as a Foreign Language
By Jesús Bastidas
Social Media and reputation: what you can learn from big companiesAddison Group
A presentation we made for Project DigitISE, who hosted 'Get the Digital Edge', a series of workshops and seminars for University of Westminster students exploring digital literacy skills and employability.
We look at what online reputation is, why it matters, and how social media can affect it. By examining these questions in the light of FTSE100 activity on social media channels, we ask what it means for the individual.
Design, Analysis and Manufacturing of Braking system for an Universal Terrain...EditorIJAERD
The paper represents the designing, analyzing and fabrication of braking system as well as suspension
system for a Universal terrain vehicle that too being inside the constraints in the Rulebook provided by Rally Car Design
Challenge.
The main idea behind braking system is to design, analyze as well as to simulate the Hydraulic disc type of brakes
installed on a Universal Terrain Vehicle. An UTV as the name suggests is designed to handle a vast variety of terrain
than that of other conventional vehicles. The Braking system which is the most important constraint for handling has
undergone a substantial amount of development in the past. Thus, the topic is focused on designing a form of mentioned
braking system incorporating dynamics of the vehicle with providing optimum performance of the vehicle while
minimizing driver’s efforts.
Parameters like Dynamic weight transfer, Static weight distribution ratio, Pedal force, and etcetera were evaluated to
attain the desired performance. As an UTV has to be stopped or slowed down more often in rough terrains, ability of the
vehicle to stop efficiently and in adequate time becomes imperative. The calipers were selected by using required
calculations and chosen from the systems available in market, the calculations were then validated using CATIA. The
design of Brake Discs were decided using the required calculations and also the caliper mountings on SOLIDWORKS
and will be manufactured later. The component designs are analyzed in ANSYS and checked whether they are compatible
for our vehicle.
(3) INTERACTION Final event - Speed regulation systems usersInteraction-FP7
Interaction FP7 project aims to understand driver interactions with in-vehicle technology. Four systems have been investigated : Cruise control, speed limiter, navigation system and mobile phone. This presentation explains who are the users of speed regulation systems.
Project Report on Modeling and Robust Control of Blu-Ray disc Servo MechanismsManu Mitra
This project deals with the modeling and the robust control of the next generation of optical disc drives servo-mechanisms. While in many industrial servo-control implementations, the radial and focus loops are considered as decoupled, e.g. DVD drives, this is no longer true for HD-DVD and Blu-ray disc (BD) formats which are more sensitive to opto-mechanical interactions at high frequencies. The impact of such phenomena on the robustness of the servo is evaluated by using experimental data, and an h∞ controller is designed to reduce the coupling effect, by using a suitable disturbance model into the problem formulation. Simulations using experimental data illustrate the performance improvement of the compensated system despite the parametric uncertainties in mass-production optical drives. (Aug 2009 - Dec 2009)
Similar to Mohamed Benmimoun, ika, Functions, research-questions, hypothesis defined for the FOT (20)
Mohamed Benmimoun, ika, Functions, research-questions, hypothesis defined for the FOT
1. 07/12/2010
Functions, research-questions,
hypothesis defined for the FOT
FOT-Net 4th Stakeholders Meeting, Brussels 2010
Dipl.-Ing. Mohamed Benmimoun
Institut für Kraftfahrzeuge (IKA)
2nd December 2010, Brussels
www.eurofot-ip.eu
Agenda
Research questions
Hypotheses
Cost benefit analysis
2 07/12/2010 FOT-Net 4th Stakeholders Meeting, Brussels 2010 www.eurofot-ip.eu
1
2. 07/12/2010
Research questions
Work distribution
WP6100 Management
WP6300 Analysis of all user related aspects and impacts on
driver behaviour and performance, workload and user
acceptance, social acceptance and usability of the
selected systems.
WP6400 Identification and quantification of impacts on traffic and
driving safety, traffic efficiency and environment
(economic/”green” driving).
WP6500 Conduction of a socio-economic cost-benefit analysis
for the selected systems.
WP6200 Interactions with other SPs in euroFOT
3 07/12/2010 FOT-Net 4th Stakeholders Meeting, Brussels 2010 www.eurofot-ip.eu
Research questions
User related aspects
User related
aspects
Change in terms of
Driver User
Driver workload
behaviour acceptance
4 07/12/2010 FOT-Net 4th Stakeholders Meeting, Brussels 2010 www.eurofot-ip.eu
2
4. 07/12/2010
Hypotheses
Definition
• Hypotheses are defined for each function
• All research questions have been taken into account
• Feasibility of testing hypotheses have been checked
• Several hypotheses have been redefined and in some
cases excluded, when need data is not available
• Examples:
• ACC increases situation awareness
• Driver Alert warning leads to an appropriate driver reaction
• ACC increases driver's focus on secondary tasks
• ACC increase drowsy driving
7 07/12/2010 FOT-Net 4th Stakeholders Meeting, Brussels 2010 www.eurofot-ip.eu
1 ACC decreases incidents.
2 ACC decreases the time to reach the brake pedal.
3 ACC increases time to headway.
4 ACC decreases the variaibility of time to headway.
5 ACC improves LDW performance.
Hypotheses
6 ACC decreases speed violations.
7 ACC makes safer the approaching phase.
8 ACC reduces occurence of strong decelerations.
9 ACC decreases average speed.
10 ACC increases following distance.
11 ACC leads to a greater minimum distance when initiating an overtaking manouver.
12 ACC decreases severe injuries and fatalities.
Definition
13 ACC decreases occurrences of short time to headway (below 1s, below 1.5s?).
14 ACC reduces the occasions of travelling above 120 km/h.
15 ACC favours for the drivers will enter construction sites, curves and exit ramps at higher speeds.
16 ACC increases incidents on entrance ramps.
17 ACC decreases hard braking occasions.
18 ACC decreases the number of critical TTC's.
19 ACC increase the probability of other vehicles cutting-in manouvres
• Hypotheses needs to be prioritized, in order
20 ACC makes the driver less prompt to intervene overriding the ACC in urban area
21 ACC speed will be set higher than the speed the driver would actually choose withouth ACC.
22 With FCW with assisted braking, some of the hard braking due to the ACC system is reduced (smoother transition to manual driving).
23 ACC decreases fuel consumption.
to limit number of hypotheses
24 ACC increases fuel consumption in mountainous terrain.
25 ACC decreases emissions of CO2, NOx, PM.
26 ACC increases traffic flow performance.
27 ACC decreases use of residential roads.
28 ACC favours longer use of the fast lane.
29 ACC increases throughput (with higher penetration rates).
30 ACC prevents congestion through homogenisation of speeds (at higher penetration rates).
• Altogether 236 hypotheses have been
31 ACC homogenisation effects are most pronounced on motorways.
32 ACC vehicles influences the speeds of other, following vehicles.
33 ACC decreases the number of lane changes.
34 ACC has no influence on the driver's steering behaviour.
35 ACC increases situation awareness.
defined in in the beginning (for 8 functions)
36 ACC increases driver's focus on secondary tasks.
37 ACC favors driver's drowsiness.
38 ACC decreases visual monitoring of the speed indicator.
39 ACC is overridden before overtaking by pressing the accelerator (drivers would initiate the lane change earlier) depending on locus of control.
40 ACC is not overrridden while overtaking (consequently low difference in speed between vehicles) depending on locus of control.
• 81 hypotheses just only for ACC
41 ACC makes drivers wait longer to adjust their speed to a lower speed limit.
42 ACC presence in the vehicle induces people to drive more km's.
43 ACC presence in the vehicleinduces people to drive more at night.
44 ACC presencein in the vehicle induces elderly drivers to drive more.
45 ACC makes lateral control worse (because drivers are less attentive). However, with LDW, this effect will be mitigated.
46 LDW m itigates the effect of ACC on later al contr ol.
47 ACC increases driver propensity to perform non-driving related tasks.
48 ACC increases secondary task performance.
49 ACC use changes over time.
50
ACC OFF-switch is mainly used to deactivate the system and not to override the system.
51
• Additional hypotheses have been defined,
52 ACC use increases over time.
53 ACC "safe distance" setting is mainly used by the driver.
54
55 ACC use depends on driver experience, driver's drowsiness, and weather conditions.
in order to investigate several aspects
56
57
In case of un-expected ACC behaviour the driver can take over accordingly to the traffic situation.
58
59
ACC usage depend on traffic situation for experienced drivers.
60
61
relevant for the impact assessment and
ACC use depends on type or road (highway, narrow roads, etc...) and traffic events (convoi traffic, high traffic, etc...).
62
63 ACC speed is set by the drivers slightly above the speed limit.
64 ACC minimum headway is always set by the drivers, except when a very high speed setting is chosen and in the case of elderly drivers.
65 ACC is used more often in bad weather than in good weather.
CBA
66 ACC is used more often in darkness than during daylight, because car following is harder.
67 ACC selected headway increases in bad weather and in the dark (except when the road is lit).
68 ACC will not be turned off at construction sites, curves and on/off ramps (because the drivers forget).
69 ACC speed settings are used rather than the off-switch to increase or decrease speed.
70 ACC will be overridden earlier the more experienced are the user (the user can better anticipate the need to override the ACC).
71 ACC settings are not adjusted in adverse weather by the drivers.
72 ACC settings are not adjsuted by the drivers in dangerous curves. With CSW, this effect will be mitigated.
73
74
75 ACC increases driving perceived safety and comfort.
76
77
78 ACC annoys the driver by braking harder than the driver would when cutting in behind a vehicle.
79 ACC annoys the drivers in the following vehicles when the driver has to override the system by braking.
8 07/12/2010 FOT-Net 4th Stakeholders Meeting, Brussels 2010 80
81
ACC acceleration and deceleration dynamics annoy the driver
ACC reduces driving pleasure, depending on driver personality.
www.eurofot-ip.eu
4
5. 07/12/2010
Hypotheses
Breakdown process
Research questions:
Breakdown of
e.g. impact of ACC on safety,
hypotheses
environment, traffic efficiency etc.
Hypotheses:
Adaptation of
e.g. ACC decreases number of Definition of
data analysis
incidents needed
plan subjective data
Performance indicators
e.g. number of incidents
Implementation Questionnaire
Signals
of analysis tools content
e.g. vehicle speed, distance to forward
vehicle, deceleration etc.
9 07/12/2010 FOT-Net 4th Stakeholders Meeting, Brussels 2010 www.eurofot-ip.eu
Hypotheses
Definition
Hypothesis Reason Comparison Control Situational Event Performance
factor variable indicator
For trucks:
Trailer load,
baseline,
weather,
treatment ACC
passengers,
on, treatment trip type: trips
road type,
ACC reduces ACC brakes ACC+LDW on, longer than 5 Hard
speed limits, number of hard
number of hard earlier and For cars: minutes braking,
system state, braking
braking softer baseline, road type: non- Incident,
traffic density,
treatment ACC urban roads
lighting,
on, treatment
curvature, day
ACC off,
of trial
baseline 2
10 12/7/2010 FOT-Net 4th Stakeholders Meeting, Brussels 2010 www.eurofot-ip.eu
5
6. 07/12/2010
Hypotheses
User related aspects
• User related aspects are mainly tested by means of
questionnaire
• User related aspects cover several functional related
aspects
Acceptance
Abuse and misuse
Change of user practices over time
Trust
Perceived comfort
Perceived safety
Usage
11 12/7/2010 FOT-Net 4th Stakeholders Meeting, Brussels 2010 www.eurofot-ip.eu
Hypotheses
Impact assessment
• Hypotheses for safety, traffic efficiency and
environment cover the following aspects:
Incident events
Hard braking events
Hard acceleration events
Number of trips
Number of kilometres travelled
Percentage of THW/TTC/TLC below x s
Fuel consumption
12 07/12/2010 FOT-Net 4th Stakeholders Meeting, Brussels 2010 www.eurofot-ip.eu
6
7. 07/12/2010
Hypotheses
Function related aspects
• ACC:
Usage of brake pedal
Override behaviour
Distance behaviour
• LDW:
Night driving
Usage of turning indicator
Lane change behaviour
• IW:
Driver reaction after driver alert
Frequency of drowsy driving
• CSW:
Braking behaviour before entering a curve
13 07/12/2010 FOT-Net 4th Stakeholders Meeting, Brussels 2010 www.eurofot-ip.eu
Cost-benefit analysis
Approach
• Socio economic cost-benefit analysis: The methodology is based
on the approaches of previous national and European projects,
like eIMPACT etc. Quantification of benefits
of analysed functions
(WP6400)
Safety (reduction of Efficiency (reduction Environment (red. of
fatalities, injuries, of congestions) fuel cons. and CO2
accidents etc.) emissions )
Translation of physical impacts into monetary
benefits for society and customer
(direct and indirect costs for reduced accidents,
congestions etc. based on existing cost statements)
Determination of installation and consequential
costs (e.g. maintenance etc.)
Consideration of additional influencing factors (e.g.
expected penetration rates, incentives etc.)
Determination of benefit-cost ratio
14 07/12/2010 FOT-Net 4th Stakeholders Meeting, Brussels 2010 www.eurofot-ip.eu
7
8. 07/12/2010
Thank you for your attention…
15 07/12/2010 FOT-Net 4th Stakeholders Meeting, Brussels 2010 www.eurofot-ip.eu
8