This document provides an overview of healthcare waste classification. It describes the major classifications including infectious, sharps, pathological, pharmaceutical, chemical, radioactive, and non-hazardous general waste. Infectious waste includes waste contaminated with blood/body fluids, cultures/stocks from laboratories, and waste from isolation wards. Sharps waste poses the highest risk of disease transmission. Proper segregation of waste types is important for determining appropriate treatment and minimizing risks. The document also discusses general principles of healthcare waste management.
1. The document provides an overview of medical waste management, categorizing healthcare waste and outlining appropriate handling and disposal methods.
2. Healthcare waste is segregated into categories including general, infectious, pathological, sharps, pharmaceutical, and radioactive waste. Proper color-coding and container use is emphasized.
3. Effective waste management following segregation, treatment, and disposal practices can help control disease transmission, ensure worker and community safety, and prevent environmental contamination.
This document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and notes that it includes materials from healthcare like blood, body fluids, sharps, and cultures. The document outlines how healthcare waste should be categorized and treated, including methods like incineration, autoclaving, and chemical treatment. It also discusses the roles and responsibilities of healthcare workers in properly handling, storing, transporting, and disposing of biomedical waste.
This document discusses biomedical waste management. It describes the various types of waste produced in healthcare settings, including infectious, pathological, sharp, chemical, pharmaceutical, cytotoxic, and radioactive waste. It emphasizes the importance of proper segregation and color coding of waste based on type, with yellow, red, white, and blue bags used. Various treatment and disposal methods are outlined depending on the waste type, such as incineration, autoclaving, microwaving, and disposal in sharp pits or landfills. Effective biomedical waste management is important to protect the health of waste workers and the public, as well as to meet legal regulations.
This document provides information on biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and outlines the need for proper management. The document discusses the different types of waste generated in hospitals and their proper segregation into yellow, red, blue and white categories. It describes the various treatment methods like incineration, autoclaving, and their operating conditions. Transportation and storage procedures are also covered. The rules governing biomedical waste management in India are summarized, highlighting changes made in the 2016 rules compared to earlier versions.
Presentation on Health care by Phillup LovePhillup Love
The document discusses health care waste and its categorization. It identifies the main types of health care waste generators and outlines different waste categories like infectious, pathological, pharmaceutical, chemical and radioactive waste. It discusses key issues related to health care waste like dioxin contamination from medical waste incineration, sharps waste handling and chemical waste types. The presentation provides steps for preventing dioxin formation and properly managing sharps containers and chemical waste.
The document categorizes and defines different types of biomedical and healthcare wastes. It discusses infectious wastes, pathological wastes, sharps, geno-toxic wastes, pharmaceutical wastes, chemical wastes including heavy metals, and pressurized containers. Between 75-80% of healthcare waste is general non-hazardous waste, while the remaining 20% is hazardous or infectious including materials from surgery/autopsies, infectious patients, dialysis, and other contaminated items. Proper management of healthcare waste is important to prevent disease transmission and injury.
1. The document provides an overview of medical waste management, categorizing healthcare waste and outlining appropriate handling and disposal methods.
2. Healthcare waste is segregated into categories including general, infectious, pathological, sharps, pharmaceutical, and radioactive waste. Proper color-coding and container use is emphasized.
3. Effective waste management following segregation, treatment, and disposal practices can help control disease transmission, ensure worker and community safety, and prevent environmental contamination.
This document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and notes that it includes materials from healthcare like blood, body fluids, sharps, and cultures. The document outlines how healthcare waste should be categorized and treated, including methods like incineration, autoclaving, and chemical treatment. It also discusses the roles and responsibilities of healthcare workers in properly handling, storing, transporting, and disposing of biomedical waste.
This document discusses biomedical waste management. It describes the various types of waste produced in healthcare settings, including infectious, pathological, sharp, chemical, pharmaceutical, cytotoxic, and radioactive waste. It emphasizes the importance of proper segregation and color coding of waste based on type, with yellow, red, white, and blue bags used. Various treatment and disposal methods are outlined depending on the waste type, such as incineration, autoclaving, microwaving, and disposal in sharp pits or landfills. Effective biomedical waste management is important to protect the health of waste workers and the public, as well as to meet legal regulations.
This document provides information on biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and outlines the need for proper management. The document discusses the different types of waste generated in hospitals and their proper segregation into yellow, red, blue and white categories. It describes the various treatment methods like incineration, autoclaving, and their operating conditions. Transportation and storage procedures are also covered. The rules governing biomedical waste management in India are summarized, highlighting changes made in the 2016 rules compared to earlier versions.
Presentation on Health care by Phillup LovePhillup Love
The document discusses health care waste and its categorization. It identifies the main types of health care waste generators and outlines different waste categories like infectious, pathological, pharmaceutical, chemical and radioactive waste. It discusses key issues related to health care waste like dioxin contamination from medical waste incineration, sharps waste handling and chemical waste types. The presentation provides steps for preventing dioxin formation and properly managing sharps containers and chemical waste.
The document categorizes and defines different types of biomedical and healthcare wastes. It discusses infectious wastes, pathological wastes, sharps, geno-toxic wastes, pharmaceutical wastes, chemical wastes including heavy metals, and pressurized containers. Between 75-80% of healthcare waste is general non-hazardous waste, while the remaining 20% is hazardous or infectious including materials from surgery/autopsies, infectious patients, dialysis, and other contaminated items. Proper management of healthcare waste is important to prevent disease transmission and injury.
Biomedical waste or hospital waste is any kind of waste containing infectious (or potentially infectious) materials. ... Waste sharps include potentially contaminated used (and unused discarded) needles, scalpels, lancets and other devices capable of penetrating skin.
Bio-medical waste (BMW) management rules (2016), by Dr. Himanshu KhatriDrHimanshuKhatri
This document discusses guidelines for managing biomedical waste according to the Biomedical Waste Management Rules of 2016. It defines biomedical waste as waste generated during diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of humans or animals. The most serious risk is from contaminated sharps. It identifies various sources of biomedical waste and categorizes waste types. The rules require waste segregation, staff training, and use of personal protective equipment. Waste must be segregated into yellow, red, white, and blue containers and then collected, transported, stored, treated, and disposed of properly to minimize health and safety risks.
Hospital waste is categorized as hazardous or non-hazardous. Hazardous waste includes infectious waste like human tissues, sharps that can transmit disease, and expired pharmaceuticals. Proper management of hospital waste involves segregating, collecting, storing, transporting, and treating waste. Common treatment methods are incineration, chemical disinfection, and autoclaving to reduce pathogens before waste is disposed of safely. Proper hospital waste management is important to protect staff, patients, and the environment from disease and contamination.
This document provides an overview of waste management practices in healthcare facilities, with a focus on dental healthcare waste. It defines classifications of healthcare waste according to WHO and other systems. The main sources and composition of healthcare waste are described. Key issues covered include the health hazards posed by different types of waste, legal implications, and categories of waste generated in different dental hospital departments. Methods for proper treatment and disposal of dental healthcare waste are also discussed.
The document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and outlines the types of waste that are considered biomedical, such as infectious sharps, pathological waste, and chemical waste. It notes that improper management of biomedical waste poses health risks like disease transmission. The document recommends proper segregation, treatment, and disposal of biomedical waste according to the Bio-medical Waste Rules to reduce health and environmental risks. Treatment methods discussed include incineration, disinfection, sterilization, microwaving, and autoclaving. The document emphasizes the importance of safe and responsible management of biomedical waste.
Healthcare waste management dr. sanjay dalsania hospitech india_03 march 2013visioninfo9
The document discusses healthcare waste management at Apollo Hospitals in Ahmedabad. It outlines the hazards posed by different types of healthcare waste and the diseases it can transmit. It emphasizes segregating waste at the source and following proper procedures for collection, local storage, transportation to a central storage site, and transportation to final disposal. The key steps are segregation, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal. Personal protective equipment and staff safety measures are also covered.
This document discusses the management of biomedical waste. It begins by defining biomedical waste as any waste generated during medical diagnosis, treatment, or research involving humans or animals. Only a small fraction of total waste is biomedical, but proper management is important for safety. Biomedical waste is then classified into 10 categories including infectious, pathological, sharps, pharmaceutical, radioactive, and chemical waste. The key steps for effective management are outlined as survey, segregation, collection and categorization, storage for less than 48 hours, transportation, and proper treatment including incineration or autoclaving depending on the waste type. Color coding for waste containers is also explained to aid in proper segregation.
This document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and notes its various types including hazardous, infectious, pharmaceutical, and sharps waste. It provides details on waste generation rates in developing and developed countries. It outlines the four main categories of waste - yellow, red, blue, and white/translucent - and the types of waste that fall under each category along with the appropriate containers. The document then discusses transportation, treatment, and disposal requirements for different waste types including autoclave conditions and alternatives for sharps containers. It concludes with dos and don'ts for proper waste management.
Healthcare waste can be categorized as infectious, sharps, pharmaceutical, hazardous, or domestic waste. Proper management is important to minimize health risks. Healthcare waste should be segregated at the source into color-coded containers. A waste management plan should address waste quantification, handling, treatment, disposal, personnel training, and costs. Key aspects of an effective plan include waste segregation, minimization of hazardous waste, staff education, and regular monitoring. Improper management poses infection and injury risks to healthcare workers and the public.
This document provides an overview of hospital waste (also known as health care waste). It defines hospital waste and classifies it into different categories. The major sources of hospital waste are identified as large hospitals, health care establishments, laboratories, and related facilities. The document discusses the health hazards posed by infectious, sharp, pathological, pharmaceutical, chemical, radioactive, and other types of hospital waste if not properly managed. Specific risks are outlined for workers handling waste as well as patients and visitors. Proper management of hospital waste is necessary to prevent dangers to human health and the environment.
Bio-medical waste is generated from hospitals and healthcare facilities and includes infectious, hazardous, and non-hazardous waste. Major sources are hospitals, labs, and research centers. The waste poses risks to patients, medical staff, sanitation workers, and the public if not properly managed. Proper management includes segregating waste by category and color-coded bins, treating waste using approved methods like incineration, autoclaving, and deep burial, and ensuring safety of workers who handle the waste. Effective bio-medical waste management is important to prevent spread of diseases.
The document discusses biomedical waste management in hospitals. It defines different types of healthcare waste and how they are categorized. Approximately 75-90% of healthcare waste is non-hazardous while 10-25% is hazardous. Hazardous waste can include infectious, sharp and chemical waste. The document also discusses waste generation in Nepal, health hazards of improper management, and recommendations for safe management practices like segregation and treatment.
The document discusses health care waste, including its sources, composition, and risks. It defines health care waste as any waste generated by health care establishments, including hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and homes. Approximately 75-90% is non-hazardous, similar to household waste, while 10-25% is hazardous and can pose health risks if not properly handled. The document then categorizes and describes different types of health care waste and the potential health hazards they pose if mismanaged.
Dr. Said El Quliti - A General Procedure for Assessing and Improving the Efec...Hudhaib Al-Allatti
This document outlines a general procedure for assessing and improving medical waste management systems. It involves collecting data on key parameters like waste generation, segregation practices, storage, disposal methods, cleanliness and staff knowledge. The systems are then evaluated and recommendations are made for improvement. Areas assessed include typology of staff, waste amounts, classification, storage tools, disposal methods, time spent, cleanliness and staff knowledge. Hospitals, health centers and dispensaries are evaluated and an overall city evaluation is made along with recommendations.
This document discusses bio medical waste management. It defines different types of hospital waste including biomedical waste. It classifies waste into hazardous and non-hazardous categories. Hazardous waste is further divided into infectious and toxic types. Ten categories of biomedical waste are outlined along with their color coding and appropriate treatment methods. The key steps in waste management are identified as survey, segregation, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal. Common health risks of improper waste handling are also noted.
This document discusses healthcare waste management. It defines healthcare waste as all waste from medical facilities, including sharps, infectious materials, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Most healthcare waste (75-90%) is non-hazardous, similar to domestic waste, while a smaller portion (10-25%) requires special treatment as infectious waste. Exposure to infectious waste can cause disease through infectious agents, sharps, hazardous materials or radiation. Proper segregation and treatment of healthcare waste is necessary to protect medical staff, patients and the public from health risks.
The document discusses waste management in hospitals. It defines medical waste and outlines the purposes of proper waste management such as preventing infections. It describes the different types of hospital waste and provides color coding for waste containers. The document discusses approaches to waste management including minimization, segregation, storage, treatment, and disposal. Common treatment methods like autoclaving, incineration and deep burial are explained. Finally, the roles and responsibilities of hospital administration, nurses, and other staff are outlined.
COVID19 PANDEMIC: ISSUES AND CHALLANGES IN BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENTTanmayZoology
The document discusses biomedical waste (BMW), its sources, classification, management steps, and risks. It notes that BMW includes waste from healthcare facilities and comprises contaminated sharps, infectious, pathological and pharmaceutical waste. It classifies BMW as hazardous or non-hazardous. The key steps in BMW management are segregation, collection, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal. Common treatment methods include incineration, autoclaving, chemical disinfection. Untreated BMW poses infection and toxicity risks to waste handlers, the public and environment.
This is a document that shows how every one should do in health care program and whow you can make your waste to be non infectious.this is essential for all health care
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
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Biomedical waste or hospital waste is any kind of waste containing infectious (or potentially infectious) materials. ... Waste sharps include potentially contaminated used (and unused discarded) needles, scalpels, lancets and other devices capable of penetrating skin.
Bio-medical waste (BMW) management rules (2016), by Dr. Himanshu KhatriDrHimanshuKhatri
This document discusses guidelines for managing biomedical waste according to the Biomedical Waste Management Rules of 2016. It defines biomedical waste as waste generated during diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of humans or animals. The most serious risk is from contaminated sharps. It identifies various sources of biomedical waste and categorizes waste types. The rules require waste segregation, staff training, and use of personal protective equipment. Waste must be segregated into yellow, red, white, and blue containers and then collected, transported, stored, treated, and disposed of properly to minimize health and safety risks.
Hospital waste is categorized as hazardous or non-hazardous. Hazardous waste includes infectious waste like human tissues, sharps that can transmit disease, and expired pharmaceuticals. Proper management of hospital waste involves segregating, collecting, storing, transporting, and treating waste. Common treatment methods are incineration, chemical disinfection, and autoclaving to reduce pathogens before waste is disposed of safely. Proper hospital waste management is important to protect staff, patients, and the environment from disease and contamination.
This document provides an overview of waste management practices in healthcare facilities, with a focus on dental healthcare waste. It defines classifications of healthcare waste according to WHO and other systems. The main sources and composition of healthcare waste are described. Key issues covered include the health hazards posed by different types of waste, legal implications, and categories of waste generated in different dental hospital departments. Methods for proper treatment and disposal of dental healthcare waste are also discussed.
The document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and outlines the types of waste that are considered biomedical, such as infectious sharps, pathological waste, and chemical waste. It notes that improper management of biomedical waste poses health risks like disease transmission. The document recommends proper segregation, treatment, and disposal of biomedical waste according to the Bio-medical Waste Rules to reduce health and environmental risks. Treatment methods discussed include incineration, disinfection, sterilization, microwaving, and autoclaving. The document emphasizes the importance of safe and responsible management of biomedical waste.
Healthcare waste management dr. sanjay dalsania hospitech india_03 march 2013visioninfo9
The document discusses healthcare waste management at Apollo Hospitals in Ahmedabad. It outlines the hazards posed by different types of healthcare waste and the diseases it can transmit. It emphasizes segregating waste at the source and following proper procedures for collection, local storage, transportation to a central storage site, and transportation to final disposal. The key steps are segregation, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal. Personal protective equipment and staff safety measures are also covered.
This document discusses the management of biomedical waste. It begins by defining biomedical waste as any waste generated during medical diagnosis, treatment, or research involving humans or animals. Only a small fraction of total waste is biomedical, but proper management is important for safety. Biomedical waste is then classified into 10 categories including infectious, pathological, sharps, pharmaceutical, radioactive, and chemical waste. The key steps for effective management are outlined as survey, segregation, collection and categorization, storage for less than 48 hours, transportation, and proper treatment including incineration or autoclaving depending on the waste type. Color coding for waste containers is also explained to aid in proper segregation.
This document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and notes its various types including hazardous, infectious, pharmaceutical, and sharps waste. It provides details on waste generation rates in developing and developed countries. It outlines the four main categories of waste - yellow, red, blue, and white/translucent - and the types of waste that fall under each category along with the appropriate containers. The document then discusses transportation, treatment, and disposal requirements for different waste types including autoclave conditions and alternatives for sharps containers. It concludes with dos and don'ts for proper waste management.
Healthcare waste can be categorized as infectious, sharps, pharmaceutical, hazardous, or domestic waste. Proper management is important to minimize health risks. Healthcare waste should be segregated at the source into color-coded containers. A waste management plan should address waste quantification, handling, treatment, disposal, personnel training, and costs. Key aspects of an effective plan include waste segregation, minimization of hazardous waste, staff education, and regular monitoring. Improper management poses infection and injury risks to healthcare workers and the public.
This document provides an overview of hospital waste (also known as health care waste). It defines hospital waste and classifies it into different categories. The major sources of hospital waste are identified as large hospitals, health care establishments, laboratories, and related facilities. The document discusses the health hazards posed by infectious, sharp, pathological, pharmaceutical, chemical, radioactive, and other types of hospital waste if not properly managed. Specific risks are outlined for workers handling waste as well as patients and visitors. Proper management of hospital waste is necessary to prevent dangers to human health and the environment.
Bio-medical waste is generated from hospitals and healthcare facilities and includes infectious, hazardous, and non-hazardous waste. Major sources are hospitals, labs, and research centers. The waste poses risks to patients, medical staff, sanitation workers, and the public if not properly managed. Proper management includes segregating waste by category and color-coded bins, treating waste using approved methods like incineration, autoclaving, and deep burial, and ensuring safety of workers who handle the waste. Effective bio-medical waste management is important to prevent spread of diseases.
The document discusses biomedical waste management in hospitals. It defines different types of healthcare waste and how they are categorized. Approximately 75-90% of healthcare waste is non-hazardous while 10-25% is hazardous. Hazardous waste can include infectious, sharp and chemical waste. The document also discusses waste generation in Nepal, health hazards of improper management, and recommendations for safe management practices like segregation and treatment.
The document discusses health care waste, including its sources, composition, and risks. It defines health care waste as any waste generated by health care establishments, including hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and homes. Approximately 75-90% is non-hazardous, similar to household waste, while 10-25% is hazardous and can pose health risks if not properly handled. The document then categorizes and describes different types of health care waste and the potential health hazards they pose if mismanaged.
Dr. Said El Quliti - A General Procedure for Assessing and Improving the Efec...Hudhaib Al-Allatti
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This document discusses bio medical waste management. It defines different types of hospital waste including biomedical waste. It classifies waste into hazardous and non-hazardous categories. Hazardous waste is further divided into infectious and toxic types. Ten categories of biomedical waste are outlined along with their color coding and appropriate treatment methods. The key steps in waste management are identified as survey, segregation, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal. Common health risks of improper waste handling are also noted.
This document discusses healthcare waste management. It defines healthcare waste as all waste from medical facilities, including sharps, infectious materials, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Most healthcare waste (75-90%) is non-hazardous, similar to domestic waste, while a smaller portion (10-25%) requires special treatment as infectious waste. Exposure to infectious waste can cause disease through infectious agents, sharps, hazardous materials or radiation. Proper segregation and treatment of healthcare waste is necessary to protect medical staff, patients and the public from health risks.
The document discusses waste management in hospitals. It defines medical waste and outlines the purposes of proper waste management such as preventing infections. It describes the different types of hospital waste and provides color coding for waste containers. The document discusses approaches to waste management including minimization, segregation, storage, treatment, and disposal. Common treatment methods like autoclaving, incineration and deep burial are explained. Finally, the roles and responsibilities of hospital administration, nurses, and other staff are outlined.
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This is a document that shows how every one should do in health care program and whow you can make your waste to be non infectious.this is essential for all health care
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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2. • Describe the general classifications of
healthcare waste
• Present examples of each classification
Module Overview
3. Learning Objectives
• List the major classifications and typical characteristics
of healthcare waste
• Recognize the waste classifications that pose the
highest risk
• Apply basic principles to categorize waste items into
their proper classifications
4. Steps in Healthcare Waste
Management
• Waste classification
• Waste segregation
• Waste minimization
• Handling and collection
• On-site transport and storage
• Treatment and disposal
5. General Principles
• When properly segregated, 85% or more of
healthcare wastes are general waste with the
same risk as domestic solid waste.
• Typical breakdown of healthcare waste:
Infectious
(hazardous)
10%
General or
non-
hazardous
85%
Chemical/
radioactive
(hazardous)
5%
6. General Principles
• Sharps waste poses the highest risk of disease
transmission of all waste categories
• Blood and body fluids are also a significant
source of disease transmission.
7. Why Segregate Healthcare Waste?
• To reduce the amount of waste that must be
treated as hazardous waste
• To reduce the risks of exposure to hazardous
healthcare waste for workers
• To lower the cost of treatment and disposal of
healthcare waste
• To make possible the recycling of non-hazardous
general waste
8. General Principles
Classifications are based on:
– National regulations
– International guidelines, if national regulations do not exist
• Types of risk associated with waste
• Infectious disease transmission
– Waste contaminated with blood and body fluids
• Physical injury
– All sharps waste
• Chemical exposure
– Cleaning solvents
9. General Principles
Classifications are useful for deciding:
– Treatment approaches
• Steam disinfection – infectious waste, blood or
body fluids, microbiological waste
• Burial – anatomical waste, human tissues
• Incineration with pollution control – cytotoxic waste
– Waste minimization options
• Recycling – paper, glass, aluminum
• Composting – kitchen waste, yard waste
• Materials recovery – silver from x-ray waste
11. Waste Classifications
World Health Organization Classifications
Biological (infectious) risks Chemical risks Low risk
Sharps
Waste
Infectious
Waste
Pathological
Waste
Pharmaceutical
Waste
Chemical
Waste
Radioactive
Waste
Non-
Hazardous
General
Waste
EXAMPLES EXAMPLES
EXAMPL
ES
Needles
Blades
Broken
glass
Waste
contaminated
with blood
Cultures
Isolation
waste
Body parts
Human
tissue
Animal
carcasses
Expired drugs
Expired vaccines
Cytotoxic waste
Chemical
solvents
Mercury
Cleaners
Batteries
Radio-
nuclides
Vials with
radioactive
residues
Recyclable
and
compost-
able waste
Non-
recyclable
waste
12. Infectious Wastes
Healthcare wastes
that are suspected to
contain pathogens
(or their toxins) in
sufficient
concentration to
cause diseases to a
potential host after
exposure.
13. Subcategories of Infectious Wastes
• Waste contaminated with blood or other body
fluids
• Cultures and stocks of infectious agents from
laboratory work
• Wastes from infected patients in isolation wards
(Sharps and pathological waste are given their
own classifications because of special methods
needed to handle and treat them)
14. Waste Contaminated with Blood/Body
Fluids
• Examples:
– Liquid waste blood
– Cotton, gauze, or dressings
saturated with blood or body fluids
– Gloves, gowns, or face masks covered in blood
• Body fluids considered infectious
– Blood, blood products (e.g., plasma, red blood cells),
semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid,
synovial fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, pericardial
fluid, amniotic fluid, and body fluids that cannot be
differentiated from the above-mentioned fluids
15. Cultures and Stocks
• Examples:
– Laboratory cultures used for growing
microbiological agents
– Culture dishes and devices used to
transfer, inoculate and mix cultures
– Stocks of infectious agents
– Discarded live and attenuated
vaccines
16. Isolation Ward Waste
• Materials contaminated with blood, excretion,
exudates or secretions from patients who are
isolated to protect others from highly communicable
diseases
• Some countries may limit these to diseases that can
be easily transmitted by waste;
Other countries may limit these to Class 4 (biosafety
level 4) agents, such as smallpox, Marburg virus,
Ebola virus, and other hemorrhagic diseases
17. Sharps Wastes
• Items that could cause cuts
or puncture wounds whether
or not they are infected
• Needles, hypodermic needles,
syringes
• Scalpels and other blades
• Knives
• Infusion sets
• Saws
• Broken glass, pipettes
18. Review of Infectious Wastes
Waste categories Descriptions and examples
Sharps waste
Used or unused sharps
e.g. hypodermic, intravenous or other needles; auto-disable
syringes; syringes with attached needles; infusion sets; scalpels;
pipettes; knives; blades; broken glass
Infectious waste
Waste suspected to contain pathogens and that pose a risk of
disease transmission , including
waste contaminated with blood and other body fluids
laboratory cultures and microbiological stocks
waste including excreta and other materials that have been in
contact with patients infected with highly infectious diseases in
isolation wards
Pathological waste
Human tissues, organs or fluids; body parts; fetuses; unused blood
products
19. Chemical Wastes
• Discarded solid, liquid and gaseous
chemicals from diagnostic and experimental
work and from cleaning and disinfection
20. Chemical Wastes
• Hazardous chemical waste are chemicals with at least
one of the following properties:
Toxic
Corrosive
(e.g. acids of pH < 2 and bases of pH > 12)
Flammable
Reactive
(explosive, water-reactive, shock-sensitive)
Oxidizing
• Non-hazardous chemical wastes do not have any of the
above properties
21. Chemical Wastes
• Examples of Hazardous Chemical Waste
– Formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde
– Photographic fixing and developing solutions
– Laboratory solvents
– Pesticides
– Mercury in thermometers and sphygmomanometers
– Disinfectants (phenols and bleach)
– Toxic cleaners, degreasers
• Examples of Non-Hazardous Chemical Waste
– Saline solution, glucose, amino acids, vitamins
22. Pharmaceutical Wastes
• Waste that consists of expired, unused, split, and
contaminated pharmaceutical products, drugs,
vaccines, and sera that are no longer used
• Discarded items used in the handling of
pharmaceuticals, such as bottle or boxes with
residues, gloves, masks, connecting tubing, and drug
vials
• Cytotoxic (chemotherapeutic or antineoplastic) drug
waste
23. Radioactive Wastes
• Solid, liquid, and gaseous materials
contaminated with radionuclides
• Includes sealed radioactive sources, low-level
waste (swabs, vials, etc.), residues, excreta from
patients treated or tested with unsealed
radionuclides, low-level radioactive wastewater
from washing
• Body fluids of patients undergoing radiation
therapy
24. Non-Hazardous General Waste
• Waste that has not been in contact with
infectious agents, hazardous chemicals, or
radioactive substances, and that does not pose
a sharps hazard
• Typically, more than half of non-hazardous
general waste is paper, cardboard, and plastics
25. Examples of Non-Hazardous General
Wastes
• Cellulosic materials
• Office paper, computer
printout, newspapers,
magazines, corrugated
cardboard
• Metals
• Aluminum beverage cans,
aluminum containers, food
tin cans, metal containers
• Plastics
• PET water and soft drink
bottles, HDPE milk
containers, PP plastic
bottles for saline solutions,
PS packaging
• Glass
• Empty glass bottles, soft
drink bottles
• Wood
– Shipping pallets,
construction debris
• Durable goods
– Old furniture, bed frames,
carpets, curtains, dishware
• Compostable waste
– Food waste, flowers, yard
waste
26. General Wastes
• Recyclable waste
– Mixing recyclables at point of generation with other
wastes prevents recyclables from being recovered.
– Collected, segregated and stored away from infectious
and hazardous wastes to prevent cross-contamination.
• Biodegradable waste
– Kitchen waste, food scraps, yard trimmings
• Non-recyclable waste
– Aerosol cans may be included in general waste,
providing that they are not destined for incineration.
27. Typical Waste Characteristics
• Total waste generated in hospitals:
2 - 4 kg per bed per day
• Infectious waste generated in hospitals (with
good segregation):
0.2 - 0.4 kg per bed per day
• Average bulk density
100 - 200 kg per cubic meter
28. Discussion
• Facility specific waste classification and segregation
activities
• What color-coding do you use in your facility?
• Do you have sufficient resources (color-coded bags,
bins, containers)?
• How can you improvise if you do not have resources?
• Do you monitor the segregation of your wastes?
• What works in your setting to improve segregation?
What does not work?
• Does your facility recycle? How can you initiate or
improve recycling?