The document discusses product development and management. It defines a product and describes different product classifications including durability, tangibility, use, and levels in the customer value hierarchy. It also discusses services characteristics like intangibility, inseparability, variability and perishability. Product development processes are outlined including generating ideas, concept development, product testing, commercialization, and the consumer adoption process. Key factors that influence adoption are also summarized.
Dept culture in promoting values of EducationVivek631355
College culture is university subculture, and a unique organization culture form created, discovered, and developed from long-term teaching management practice, generally accepted, recognized, and followed by teachers and students of college/school/department. College culture can be concluded in “academic culture,” “administrative culture,” “association culture” based on “functional form of culture,” or “teacher culture,” “student culture,” and “administer culture,” according to “the subject form of culture.” Except “classification,” it can be divided into three levels of “material,” “institution,” and “spirit”; or four levels of “material,” “institution,” “behavior,” and “spirit.” College culture, compared to campus culture, is a subculture, but has its independence and dissimilarity. At management aspects, college culture has directing function, cohere function, constrain function, incentive function, coordination function, and assimilation function. At social aspects, college culture has radiation function and image-building function. At education aspects, college culture can have an impact on students’ professional qualities, moral character, and personality growth. Cultural construction should be conducted adhering to the principle of “overarching and guiding,” “materialization and enrichment,” and “specificity and characteristic.” Keywords: college culture, school culture, department culture, campus culture, university culture
Derek Osborn walks us through the advantages and disadvantages of carrier-owned postal delivery routes. He concludes that more testing and experimentation is required in this area.
Dept culture in promoting values of EducationVivek631355
College culture is university subculture, and a unique organization culture form created, discovered, and developed from long-term teaching management practice, generally accepted, recognized, and followed by teachers and students of college/school/department. College culture can be concluded in “academic culture,” “administrative culture,” “association culture” based on “functional form of culture,” or “teacher culture,” “student culture,” and “administer culture,” according to “the subject form of culture.” Except “classification,” it can be divided into three levels of “material,” “institution,” and “spirit”; or four levels of “material,” “institution,” “behavior,” and “spirit.” College culture, compared to campus culture, is a subculture, but has its independence and dissimilarity. At management aspects, college culture has directing function, cohere function, constrain function, incentive function, coordination function, and assimilation function. At social aspects, college culture has radiation function and image-building function. At education aspects, college culture can have an impact on students’ professional qualities, moral character, and personality growth. Cultural construction should be conducted adhering to the principle of “overarching and guiding,” “materialization and enrichment,” and “specificity and characteristic.” Keywords: college culture, school culture, department culture, campus culture, university culture
Derek Osborn walks us through the advantages and disadvantages of carrier-owned postal delivery routes. He concludes that more testing and experimentation is required in this area.
Factors impacting the success in increasing adoption - Bill Ashraf, Strategic...Blackboard APAC
Institutions recognise how new technology can enhance the learning and teaching experience for staff and students. Increasingly they are looking to technology to support them in achieving their strategic goals. However, there are a range of obstacles to the adoption of technology that institutions must overcome. Change of any kind is daunting, particularly when dealing with long-established methods and systems. Success depends on shifting entrenched culture and attitudes. Join us as Bill shares practical tips, ideas, resources and real-life examples. We've built the story around six key characteristics required of a successful adoption project.
Delivered at Innovate and Educate: Teaching and Learning Conference by Blackboard. 24 -27 August 2015 in Adelaide, Australia.
It explains the importance and advantages of benchmarking in such a way that i could be understood by everyone.
Team members: Akanksha Singh
Aishwarya Singh
Saumya Garg
Factors impacting the success in increasing adoption - Bill Ashraf, Strategic...Blackboard APAC
Institutions recognise how new technology can enhance the learning and teaching experience for staff and students. Increasingly they are looking to technology to support them in achieving their strategic goals. However, there are a range of obstacles to the adoption of technology that institutions must overcome. Change of any kind is daunting, particularly when dealing with long-established methods and systems. Success depends on shifting entrenched culture and attitudes. Join us as Bill shares practical tips, ideas, resources and real-life examples. We've built the story around six key characteristics required of a successful adoption project.
Delivered at Innovate and Educate: Teaching and Learning Conference by Blackboard. 24 -27 August 2015 in Adelaide, Australia.
It explains the importance and advantages of benchmarking in such a way that i could be understood by everyone.
Team members: Akanksha Singh
Aishwarya Singh
Saumya Garg
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. MISSION
CHRIST is a nurturing ground for an individual’s holistic development to
make effective contribution to the society in a dynamic environment
VISION
Excellence and Service
CORE VALUES
Faith in God | Moral Uprightness
Love of Fellow Beings
Social Responsibility | Pursuit of Excellence
Module 3
Product
2. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Product Characteristics
and Classifications
● Product
○ Anything that can be offered
to a market to satisfy a want
or need, including physical
goods, services, experiences,
events, persons, places,
properties, organizations,
information, and ideas
○ A Product is anything that
can be offered in a market for
attention, acquisition, use, or
consumption that might
satisfy a need or want
7. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Industrial-Goods Classification
Materials and parts
Capital items
Supplies and
business services
8. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Product Differentiation
• Form
• Features
• Performance quality
• Conformance quality
• Durability
• Reliability
• Reparability
• Style
• Customization
9. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Services Differentiation
Ordering ease
Delivery
Installation
Customer training
Customer consulting
Maintenance and repair
Returns
10. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Design
● Design
○ The totality of features that affect the
way a product looks, feels, and
functions to a consumer
11. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Design
Is emotionally powerful
Transmits brand meaning/positioning
Is important with durable goods
Makes brand experiences rewarding
Can transform an entire enterprise
Facilitates manufacturing/distribution
Can take on various approaches
13. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Environmental Issues
● Environmental issues are also playing an
increasingly important role in product design and
manufacturing
14. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
The Product Hierarchy
1. Need
family
2. Product
family
3. Product
class
4. Product
line
5. Product
type
6. Item
15. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Product Systems
and Mixes
● Product system
● Product mix/assortment
○ Width
○ Length
○ Depth
○ Consistency
16. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Product line length
● Line stretching
○ Down-market stretch
○ Up-market stretch
○ Two-way stretch
● Line filling
● Line modernization
● Line featuring
● Line pruning
17. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Product Mix Pricing
● The firm searches for a set of prices that maximizes profits on the total mix
Product line
pricing
Optional-
feature
pricing
Captive-
product
pricing
Two-part
pricing
By-product
pricing
Product-
bundling
pricing
18. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Co-Branding
● Two or more well-known brands are combined into a joint product or marketed together in some
fashion
Same-company
Joint-venture
Multiple-sponsor
Retail
19. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Ingredient Branding
● Co-branding that creates brand equity for parts that are necessarily contained within other
branded products
21. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Packaging
Used as a marketing tool
• Self-service
• Consumer affluence
• Company and brand
image
• Innovation opportunity
Packaging objectives
• Identify the brand
• Convey descriptive and
persuasive information
• Facilitate product
transportation and
protection
• Assist at-home storage
• Aid product consumption
22. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Labeling, Warranties, and Guarantees
● Labeling
○ Identifies, grades, describes, and promotes the product
● Warranties
○ Formal statements of expected product performance by the manufacturer
● Guarantees
○ Promise of general or complete satisfaction
23. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
The Nature of Services
● Service
○ Any act or performance one party can offer to another that is essentially intangible and
does not result in the ownership of anything
25. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Intangibility
● Services cannot be seen, tasted, felt, heard, or smelled
Physical evidence and presentation tools:
Place
People
Equipment
Communication material
Symbols
Price
27. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Variability
● The quality of services depends on who
provides them, when and where, and to
whom
○ As such, services are highly variable
28. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Perishability
● Services cannot be stored
● Strategies to match demand & supply
On demand side
• Differential pricing
• Nonpeak demand
• Complementary services
• Reservation services
On supply side
• Part-time employees
• Peak-time efficiency routines
• Increased consumer
participation
• Shared services
• Facilities for future expansion
30. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Differentiating Services
● Primary and secondary service options
● Innovation with services
31. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Managing Service Quality
● Customer switching behavior factors
Pricing
Inconvenience
Core service failure
Service encounter failures
Response to service failure
Competition
Ethical problems
Involuntary switching
33. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Improving
Service Quality
• Listening
• Reliability
• Basic service
• Service design
• Recovery
• Surprising
customers
• Fair play
• Teamwork
• Employee research
• Servant leadership
34. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Extending the Service-Quality Model
● Dynamic process model of improved service quality perceptions
○ Increasing customer expectations of what the firm will deliver
○ Decreasing customer expectations of what the firm should deliver
35. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Managing Product-Support Services
● Three types of customer worries
Failure frequency
Downtime
Out-of-pocket costs
37. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
New-Product Options
● Buy other companies
● Buy patents from other
companies
● Buy a license or franchise from
another company
● New-to-the-world items
● Improvine existing products
38. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Challenges in New-Product Development
● The innovation imperative
○ Continuous innovation is a necessity
● New-product success
○ Incremental innovation vs. disruptive
technologies
39. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
New-Product Failure
• Fragmented
markets
• Social, economic,
and government
constraints
• Development costs
• Capital shortages
• Shorter
development time
• Poor launch timing
• Shorter PLCs
• Lack of
organizational
support
40. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Organizing New-Product Development
● New-product development concepts
New-
product
department
Venture
teams
Skunkworks
Communities
of practice
Crowdsourcing
Stage-gate
systems
42. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Generating Ideas
● Interacting with employees
● Interacting with outsiders
● Studying competitors
● Adopting creativity techniques
43. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Ways to Find New-Product Ideas
• Informal customer
sessions
• Time off for technical
people to putter
• Customer
brainstorming
• Survey your
customers
• “Fly on the wall”
research
• Iterative rounds with
customers
• Keyword search to
scan trade
publications
• Treat trade shows as
intelligence missions
• Have employees visit
supplier labs
• Set up an idea vault
44. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Ways to draw new ideas from customers
Observe customers using product
Ask customers about product
problems
Ask customers about dream products
Use customer advisory board
Use Web sites
Form brand community of enthusiasts
Challenge customers to improve
product
45. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Adopting creativity techniques
Attribute
listing
Forced
relationships
Morphological
analysis
Reverse-
assumption
analysis
New contexts
Mind
mapping
47. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Using Idea Screening
● The company can monitor and revise its estimate of the
product’s overall probability of success, using the following
formula:
48. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Concept to Strategy
● Concept development
○ product-positioning map
○ brand-positioning map
49. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Concept to Strategy
● Concept testing responses
Communicability &
believability
Need level
Gap level
Perceived value
Purchase intention
User targets, purchase
occasions & frequency
50. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Development to Commercialization
● Product development
○ Physical prototypes
○ Customer tests: alpha & beta testing
51. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Development to Commercialization
● Market testing
○ Consumer-goods market testing
○ Business-goods market testing
52. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Methods of Consumer-Goods Market Testing
Sales-wave research
Simulated test marketing
Controlled test marketing
Test markets
53. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Development to Commercialization
● Commercialization: When (Timing)
First entry
Parallel entry
Late entry
54. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Development to Commercialization
● Commercialization
○ Where (Geographic Strategy)
○ To Whom (Target-Market Prospects)
○ How (Introductory Market Strategy)
55. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
The Consumer-Adoption Process
● Adoption
○ An individual’s decision to become a regular user of a product
57. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Factors Influencing the Adoption Process
● Readiness to try new products and personal influence
58. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Factors Influencing the Adoption Process
● Characteristics of the innovation
Relative advantage
Compatibility
Complexity
Divisibility
Communicability