The document discusses various Java string concepts:
1. Java strings are immutable sequences of characters that are objects of the String class. The StringBuffer class can be used to modify strings.
2. Common string methods include length(), charAt(), compareTo(), concat(), and substring().
3. The StringBuffer class represents mutable strings and defines methods like append(), insert(), delete(), and replace() to modify the string content.
4. Enumerated types in Java can be defined using the enum keyword to represent a fixed set of constants, like the days of the week.
The document discusses the String class in Java. Some key points:
- Strings are immutable sequences of characters that are objects of type String
- The StringBuffer class can be used to modify strings, as it allows changes to the original string
- Common string methods include length(), charAt(), equals(), concat(), and substring()
- Autoboxing and unboxing allow automatic conversion between primitive types and their corresponding wrapper classes like Integer
The document discusses strings and StringBuffers in Java. Strings are immutable sequences of characters represented by the String class. StringBuffers allow modifying character sequences and are represented by the StringBuffer class. The summary provides an overview of common string and StringBuffer operations like concatenation, extraction, comparison, and modification.
Strings in Java are objects of the String class that represent sequences of characters. Strings are immutable, meaning their contents cannot be modified once created. The StringBuffer class represents mutable strings that can be modified by methods like append(), insert(), delete(), and replace(). Some key String methods include length(), charAt(), equals(), concat(), and indexOf(), while common StringBuffer methods allow modifying the string through insertion, deletion, replacement and reversal of characters.
The document discusses String handling in Java. It describes how Strings are implemented as objects in Java rather than character arrays. It also summarizes various methods available in the String and StringBuffer classes for string concatenation, character extraction, comparison, modification, and value conversion. These methods allow extracting characters, comparing strings, modifying strings, and converting between string and other data types.
This document discusses strings and string buffers in Java. It defines strings as sequences of characters that are class objects implemented using the String and StringBuffer classes. It provides examples of declaring, initializing, concatenating and using various methods like length(), charAt() etc. on strings. The document also introduces the StringBuffer class for mutable strings and lists some common StringBuffer functions.
String objects in Java are immutable and stored in a string pool to improve performance. The StringBuffer class can be used to create mutable strings that can be modified after creation. It provides methods like append(), insert(), replace(), and delete() to modify the string content. The ensureCapacity() method on StringBuffer is used to reserve enough memory to reduce reallocation as the string is modified.
The document discusses Strings in Java. Some key points:
- A String represents a sequence of characters. The String class is used to create string objects which can exist in the string pool or heap.
- Char arrays are preferable over Strings for passwords due to security reasons. Strings can be manipulated more easily.
- The String class has many useful methods like length(), charAt(), indexOf(), replace(), toLowerCase(), substring() etc to work with and manipulate string values.
- StringBuffer is used to create mutable string objects that can be modified after creation using methods like append(), insert(), delete() etc. It is preferable over String for performance reasons while manipulating strings.
The document provides an overview of Strings and StringBuilders in Java. It discusses Strings as immutable objects and how StringBuilders can be more efficient for modifying strings. It also covers common String and StringBuilder methods, when to use each, and exceptions in Java using try/catch blocks.
The document discusses the String class in Java. Some key points:
- Strings are immutable sequences of characters that are objects of type String
- The StringBuffer class can be used to modify strings, as it allows changes to the original string
- Common string methods include length(), charAt(), equals(), concat(), and substring()
- Autoboxing and unboxing allow automatic conversion between primitive types and their corresponding wrapper classes like Integer
The document discusses strings and StringBuffers in Java. Strings are immutable sequences of characters represented by the String class. StringBuffers allow modifying character sequences and are represented by the StringBuffer class. The summary provides an overview of common string and StringBuffer operations like concatenation, extraction, comparison, and modification.
Strings in Java are objects of the String class that represent sequences of characters. Strings are immutable, meaning their contents cannot be modified once created. The StringBuffer class represents mutable strings that can be modified by methods like append(), insert(), delete(), and replace(). Some key String methods include length(), charAt(), equals(), concat(), and indexOf(), while common StringBuffer methods allow modifying the string through insertion, deletion, replacement and reversal of characters.
The document discusses String handling in Java. It describes how Strings are implemented as objects in Java rather than character arrays. It also summarizes various methods available in the String and StringBuffer classes for string concatenation, character extraction, comparison, modification, and value conversion. These methods allow extracting characters, comparing strings, modifying strings, and converting between string and other data types.
This document discusses strings and string buffers in Java. It defines strings as sequences of characters that are class objects implemented using the String and StringBuffer classes. It provides examples of declaring, initializing, concatenating and using various methods like length(), charAt() etc. on strings. The document also introduces the StringBuffer class for mutable strings and lists some common StringBuffer functions.
String objects in Java are immutable and stored in a string pool to improve performance. The StringBuffer class can be used to create mutable strings that can be modified after creation. It provides methods like append(), insert(), replace(), and delete() to modify the string content. The ensureCapacity() method on StringBuffer is used to reserve enough memory to reduce reallocation as the string is modified.
The document discusses Strings in Java. Some key points:
- A String represents a sequence of characters. The String class is used to create string objects which can exist in the string pool or heap.
- Char arrays are preferable over Strings for passwords due to security reasons. Strings can be manipulated more easily.
- The String class has many useful methods like length(), charAt(), indexOf(), replace(), toLowerCase(), substring() etc to work with and manipulate string values.
- StringBuffer is used to create mutable string objects that can be modified after creation using methods like append(), insert(), delete() etc. It is preferable over String for performance reasons while manipulating strings.
The document provides an overview of Strings and StringBuilders in Java. It discusses Strings as immutable objects and how StringBuilders can be more efficient for modifying strings. It also covers common String and StringBuilder methods, when to use each, and exceptions in Java using try/catch blocks.
This document discusses arrays, strings, and string buffers in Java. It covers:
- Creating and initializing arrays, including single and multi-dimensional arrays
- Common string operations like length(), concatenation, character extraction, comparison, searching, and modifying case
- Constructing and modifying mutable string buffers, which can be changed unlike immutable string objects
- The main method parameter which is an array of command line arguments
This document discusses Java strings and string-related concepts in Java. It covers:
- How strings are implemented as objects in Java
- Creating strings using literals vs. the new keyword
- Common string methods like length(), charAt(), equals(), etc.
- Immutability of strings in Java
- Comparing strings using equals(), ==, and compareTo()
- String concatenation and splitting
- The StringBuffer class for mutable strings
- The StringTokenizer class for breaking strings into tokens
The document provides examples and explanations of key string-related topics in Java like object creation, comparison, mutability, and common methods. It aims to give an overview of working with strings as a
This document discusses string handling in Java. Some key points:
- Strings are immutable sequences of characters represented by the String class. StringBuffer allows mutable strings.
- Constructors can initialize strings from arrays of characters or other strings. Methods like length(), charAt(), and compareTo() operate on strings.
- Strings can be concatenated, searched, extracted, modified, and converted between cases. StringBuffer supports mutable operations like insertion and deletion.
The document discusses processing strings in Java using the String, StringBuffer, and StringTokenizer classes. It provides details on constructing and manipulating strings, including obtaining length, retrieving characters, concatenation, substrings, comparisons, and conversions. It also covers the StringBuffer class for processing mutable strings, and the StringTokenizer class for extracting tokens from strings. Examples provided demonstrate checking palindromes, counting letters, using StringBuffer for output, and processing command-line arguments.
javastringexample problems using string classfedcoordinator
Java strings are sequences of characters that are treated as objects. The String class provides methods to create and manipulate strings. Strings are immutable, so the StringBuffer and StringBuilder classes provide mutable alternatives. Key string methods include concat(), equals(), substring(), length(), and indexOf(). The StringBuffer class is synchronized and thread-safe, while the StringBuilder class is non-synchronized and more efficient for single-threaded use.
String is an object that represents a sequence of characters. The three main String classes in Java are String, StringBuffer, and StringTokenizer. String is immutable, while StringBuffer allows contents to be modified. Common string methods include length(), charAt(), substring(), indexOf(), and equals(). The StringBuffer class is similar to String but more flexible as it allows adding, inserting and appending new contents.
String objects are immutable in Java, so any operation that modifies a String value actually creates a new String object. The StringBuffer and StringBuilder classes provide mutable alternatives to String that have similar methods but do not create new objects with each modification. When a String literal value is used in code, it is stored in the String constant pool to promote reuse of these immutable objects.
The StringBuffer class represents mutable sequences of characters. It is similar to strings but allows modifications by providing methods like append(), insert(), delete(), and replace(). StringBuffer has a default capacity of 16 characters that is increased automatically when more space is needed to store character sequences. It is used by the compiler to implement string concatenation with the + operator.
This document discusses strings in Java. It explains that strings are immutable sequences of characters that can be represented by the String, StringBuffer, or StringBuilder classes. It covers string literals, the string literal pool, comparing and concatenating strings, useful string methods, and creating mutable strings using StringBuffer. It also discusses string interning and representing objects as strings using the toString() method.
Java string , string buffer and wrapper classSimoniShah6
The document discusses Java strings and wrapper classes. It provides examples of creating and manipulating strings using the String, StringBuffer, and StringBuilder classes. It also discusses the eight primitive wrapper classes in Java and examples converting between primitive types and their corresponding wrapper classes.
StringBuffer allows modification of a string by providing methods to append, insert, replace, and delete portions of the string. It maintains an internal cursor that tracks the current position during these modifications. StringTokenizer breaks a string into tokens based on delimiters and also uses a cursor to iterate over the extracted tokens. Common methods for both classes include nextToken() to return the next token, countTokens() to get the number of remaining tokens, and hasMoreTokens() to check if additional tokens exist.
The document discusses the StringBuffer class in Java. Some key points:
- StringBuffer is like String but mutable and growable, used for string concatenation.
- It has methods to append, insert, delete, and modify characters. As characters are added and removed, the StringBuffer will automatically increase capacity if needed.
- Common methods include append(), insert(), delete(), replace(), reverse(), and substring() to modify the character sequence within a StringBuffer.
This document discusses various string processing and manipulation techniques in C#. It defines what a string is, how to create and initialize strings, and how to perform common string operations like comparing, concatenating, searching, extracting substrings, splitting, replacing, trimming, and changing character casing. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to use string methods like IndexOf, Substring, Split, Replace, ToLower, TrimStart and more to manipulate and modify string values in C# applications.
The document discusses string handling in Java. It covers:
1) Strings are immutable objects that cannot be modified, but new strings can be created from existing ones. StringBuffer and StringBuilder allow mutable strings.
2) Common string operations like comparison, searching, and concatenation are built into the language.
3) Methods like length(), charAt(), substring(), and trim() allow extracting characters from strings.
This document discusses Java strings and provides information about:
1. What strings are in Java and how they are treated as objects of the String class. Strings are immutable.
2. Two ways to create String objects: using string literals or the new keyword.
3. Important string methods like concatenation, comparison, substring, and length; and string classes like StringBuffer and StringBuilder that allow mutability.
Strings In OOP(Object oriented programming)Danial Virk
The document discusses strings and string handling in Java. It covers the String and StringBuffer classes, basic string methods like length(), substring(), indexOf(), and replace(). It also discusses parsing strings with StringTokenizer and the differences between StringBuffer and String in terms of mutability and capacity. StringBuffer allows growing the string size while String is immutable.
Here are solutions to the exercises:
1. Write a program that reverses a string:
```java
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String input = scanner.nextLine();
String reversed = "";
for (int i = input.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
reversed += input.charAt(i);
}
System.out.println("Reversed string: " + reversed);
}
}
```
2. Write a program to
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
This document discusses arrays, strings, and string buffers in Java. It covers:
- Creating and initializing arrays, including single and multi-dimensional arrays
- Common string operations like length(), concatenation, character extraction, comparison, searching, and modifying case
- Constructing and modifying mutable string buffers, which can be changed unlike immutable string objects
- The main method parameter which is an array of command line arguments
This document discusses Java strings and string-related concepts in Java. It covers:
- How strings are implemented as objects in Java
- Creating strings using literals vs. the new keyword
- Common string methods like length(), charAt(), equals(), etc.
- Immutability of strings in Java
- Comparing strings using equals(), ==, and compareTo()
- String concatenation and splitting
- The StringBuffer class for mutable strings
- The StringTokenizer class for breaking strings into tokens
The document provides examples and explanations of key string-related topics in Java like object creation, comparison, mutability, and common methods. It aims to give an overview of working with strings as a
This document discusses string handling in Java. Some key points:
- Strings are immutable sequences of characters represented by the String class. StringBuffer allows mutable strings.
- Constructors can initialize strings from arrays of characters or other strings. Methods like length(), charAt(), and compareTo() operate on strings.
- Strings can be concatenated, searched, extracted, modified, and converted between cases. StringBuffer supports mutable operations like insertion and deletion.
The document discusses processing strings in Java using the String, StringBuffer, and StringTokenizer classes. It provides details on constructing and manipulating strings, including obtaining length, retrieving characters, concatenation, substrings, comparisons, and conversions. It also covers the StringBuffer class for processing mutable strings, and the StringTokenizer class for extracting tokens from strings. Examples provided demonstrate checking palindromes, counting letters, using StringBuffer for output, and processing command-line arguments.
javastringexample problems using string classfedcoordinator
Java strings are sequences of characters that are treated as objects. The String class provides methods to create and manipulate strings. Strings are immutable, so the StringBuffer and StringBuilder classes provide mutable alternatives. Key string methods include concat(), equals(), substring(), length(), and indexOf(). The StringBuffer class is synchronized and thread-safe, while the StringBuilder class is non-synchronized and more efficient for single-threaded use.
String is an object that represents a sequence of characters. The three main String classes in Java are String, StringBuffer, and StringTokenizer. String is immutable, while StringBuffer allows contents to be modified. Common string methods include length(), charAt(), substring(), indexOf(), and equals(). The StringBuffer class is similar to String but more flexible as it allows adding, inserting and appending new contents.
String objects are immutable in Java, so any operation that modifies a String value actually creates a new String object. The StringBuffer and StringBuilder classes provide mutable alternatives to String that have similar methods but do not create new objects with each modification. When a String literal value is used in code, it is stored in the String constant pool to promote reuse of these immutable objects.
The StringBuffer class represents mutable sequences of characters. It is similar to strings but allows modifications by providing methods like append(), insert(), delete(), and replace(). StringBuffer has a default capacity of 16 characters that is increased automatically when more space is needed to store character sequences. It is used by the compiler to implement string concatenation with the + operator.
This document discusses strings in Java. It explains that strings are immutable sequences of characters that can be represented by the String, StringBuffer, or StringBuilder classes. It covers string literals, the string literal pool, comparing and concatenating strings, useful string methods, and creating mutable strings using StringBuffer. It also discusses string interning and representing objects as strings using the toString() method.
Java string , string buffer and wrapper classSimoniShah6
The document discusses Java strings and wrapper classes. It provides examples of creating and manipulating strings using the String, StringBuffer, and StringBuilder classes. It also discusses the eight primitive wrapper classes in Java and examples converting between primitive types and their corresponding wrapper classes.
StringBuffer allows modification of a string by providing methods to append, insert, replace, and delete portions of the string. It maintains an internal cursor that tracks the current position during these modifications. StringTokenizer breaks a string into tokens based on delimiters and also uses a cursor to iterate over the extracted tokens. Common methods for both classes include nextToken() to return the next token, countTokens() to get the number of remaining tokens, and hasMoreTokens() to check if additional tokens exist.
The document discusses the StringBuffer class in Java. Some key points:
- StringBuffer is like String but mutable and growable, used for string concatenation.
- It has methods to append, insert, delete, and modify characters. As characters are added and removed, the StringBuffer will automatically increase capacity if needed.
- Common methods include append(), insert(), delete(), replace(), reverse(), and substring() to modify the character sequence within a StringBuffer.
This document discusses various string processing and manipulation techniques in C#. It defines what a string is, how to create and initialize strings, and how to perform common string operations like comparing, concatenating, searching, extracting substrings, splitting, replacing, trimming, and changing character casing. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to use string methods like IndexOf, Substring, Split, Replace, ToLower, TrimStart and more to manipulate and modify string values in C# applications.
The document discusses string handling in Java. It covers:
1) Strings are immutable objects that cannot be modified, but new strings can be created from existing ones. StringBuffer and StringBuilder allow mutable strings.
2) Common string operations like comparison, searching, and concatenation are built into the language.
3) Methods like length(), charAt(), substring(), and trim() allow extracting characters from strings.
This document discusses Java strings and provides information about:
1. What strings are in Java and how they are treated as objects of the String class. Strings are immutable.
2. Two ways to create String objects: using string literals or the new keyword.
3. Important string methods like concatenation, comparison, substring, and length; and string classes like StringBuffer and StringBuilder that allow mutability.
Strings In OOP(Object oriented programming)Danial Virk
The document discusses strings and string handling in Java. It covers the String and StringBuffer classes, basic string methods like length(), substring(), indexOf(), and replace(). It also discusses parsing strings with StringTokenizer and the differences between StringBuffer and String in terms of mutability and capacity. StringBuffer allows growing the string size while String is immutable.
Here are solutions to the exercises:
1. Write a program that reverses a string:
```java
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String input = scanner.nextLine();
String reversed = "";
for (int i = input.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
reversed += input.charAt(i);
}
System.out.println("Reversed string: " + reversed);
}
}
```
2. Write a program to
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
2. Strings
• Java string is a sequence of characters. They are objects of
type String.
• Once a String object is created it cannot be changed. Stings
are Immutable.
• To perform changes in original strings use the class called
StringBuffer.
• String and StringBuffer classes are declared final, so there
cannot be subclasses of these classes.
• The default constructor creates an empty string.
String s = new String();
string
3. Creating Strings
⦿ String str = "abc"; is equivalent to:
char data[] = {'a', 'b', 'c'};
String str = new String(data);
⦿ Construct a string object by passing another string object.
String str2 = new String(str);
string
4. String METHODS
⦿ The length() method returns the length of the string.
Eg: System.out.println(“Hello”.length()); // prints 5
⦿ The + operator is used to concatenate two or more strings.
Eg: String myname = “Harry”
String str = “My name is” + myname+ “.”;
⦿ For string concatenation the Java compiler converts an
operand to a String whenever the other operand of the + is a
String object.
string
5. • public char charAt(int index)
• Returns the character at the specified index. An index
ranges from 0 to length() - 1. The first character of the
sequence is at index 0, the next at index 1, and so on, as
for array indexing.
char ch;
ch = “abc”.charAt(1); // ch = “b”
string
6. ⦿ equals() - Compares the invoking string to the specified object. The
result is true if and only if the argument is not null and is a String
object that represents the same sequence of characters as the invoking
object.
public boolean equals(Object anObject)
⦿ equalsIgnoreCase()- Compares this String to another String, ignoring
case considerations. Two strings are considered equal ignoring case if
they are of the same length, and corresponding characters in the two
strings are equal ignoring case.
public boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString)
string
7. • startsWith() – Tests if this string starts with the
specified prefix.
public boolean startsWith(String prefix)
“Figure”.startsWith(“Fig”); // true
• endsWith() - Tests if this string ends with the specified
suffix.
public boolean endsWith(String suffix)
“Figure”.endsWith(“re”); // true
string
8. • compareTo() - Compares two strings.
• The result is a negative integer if this String object
lexicographically precedes the argument string.
• The result is a positive integer if this String object lexicographically
follows the argument string.
• The result is zero if the strings are equal.
• compareTo returns 0 exactly when the equals(Object) method
would return true.
public int compareTo(String anotherString)
public int compareToIgnoreCase(String str)
string
9. • indexOf – Searches for the first occurrence of a character or
substring. Returns -1 if the character does not occur.
public int indexOf(String str) - Returns the index within this
string of the first occurrence of the specified substring.
String str = “How was your day today?”;
str.indexof(‘t’);
str(“was”);
• lastIndexOf() –Searches for the last occurrence of a character or
substring. The methods are similar to indexOf().
string
10. • substring() - Returns a new string that is a substring of
this string. The substring begins with the character at
the specified index and extends to the end of this string.
public String substring(int beginIndex)
Eg: "unhappy".substring(2) returns "happy"
• public String substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex)
Eg: "smiles".substring(1, 5) returns "mile“
string
11. String METHODS
Method call Meaning
S2=s1.toLowerCase() Convert string s1 to lowercase
S2=s1.toUpperCase() Convert string s1 to uppercase
S2=s1.repalce(‘x’, ‘y’) Replace occurrence x with y
S2=s1.trim() Remove whitespaces at the beginning and end
of the string s1
S1.equals(s2) If s1 equals to s2 return true
S1.equalsIgnoreCase(s2) If s1==s2 then return true with irrespective of
case of charecters
S1.length() Give length of s1
S1.CharAt(n) Give nth character of s1 string
S1.compareTo(s2) If s1<s2 –ve no
If s1>s2 +ve no
If s1==s2 then 0
S1.concat(s2) Concatenate s1 and s2
S1.substring(n) Give substring staring from nth character
string
13. String Operations
concat() - Concatenates the specified string to the end of this string.
If the length of the argument string is 0, then this String object is
returned.
Otherwise, a new String object is created, containing the
invoking string with the contents of the str appended to it.
public String concat(String str)
"to".concat("get").concat("her")
returns "together"
string
14. String Operations
• replace()- Returns a new string resulting from replacing all
occurrences of oldChar in this string with newChar.
public String replace(char oldChar, char newChar)
“iam aq iqdiaq ” . replace(‘q', ‘n')
returns “I am an indian"
string
15. String Operations
• trim() - Returns a copy of the string, with leading and
trailing whitespace omitted.
public String trim()
String s = “ Hi Mom! “
s.trim();
S = “Hi Mom!”
• valueOf() – Returns the string representation of the char
array argument.
public static String valueOf(char[] data)
string
16. String Operations
• toLowerCase(): Converts all of the characters in a String to
lower case.
• toUpperCase(): Converts all of the characters in this String
to upper case.
public String toLowerCase()
public String toUpperCase()
Eg: “HELLO THERE”.toLowerCase();
“hello there”.toUpperCase();
string
17. StringBuffer
• A StringBuffer is like a String, but can be modified.
• The length and content of the StringBuffer sequence can be
changed through certain method calls.
• StringBuffer defines three constructors:
• StringBuffer()
• StringBuffer(int size)
• StringBuffer(String str)
string
18. StringBuffer Operations
• The principal operations on a StringBuffer are the append
and insert methods, which are overloaded so as to accept
data of any type.
Here are few append methods:
StringBuffer append(String str)
StringBuffer append(int num)
• The append method always adds these characters at the end
of the buffer.
string
19. StringBuffer Operations
• Insert method adds the characters at a specified point.
Here are few insert methods:
StringBuffer insert(int index, String str)
StringBuffer append(int index, char ch)
Index specifies at which point the string will be inserted into
the invoking StringBuffer object.
string
20. StringBuffer Operations
• delete() - Removes the characters in a substring of this
StringBuffer. The substring begins at the specified start and
extends to the character at index end - 1 or to the end of
the StringBuffer if no such character exists. If start is equal
to end, no changes are made.
public StringBuffer delete(int start, int end)
string
21. StringBuffer Operations
• replace() - Replaces the characters in a substring of this
StringBuffer with characters in the specified String.
public StringBuffer replace(int start, int end,
String str)
• substring() - Returns a new String that contains a
subsequence of characters currently contained in this
StringBuffer. The substring begins at the specified index and
extends to the end of the StringBuffer.
public String substring(int start)
string
22. StringBuffer Operations
• reverse() - The character sequence contained in this string
buffer is replaced by the reverse of the sequence.
public StringBuffer reverse()
• length() - Returns the length of this string buffer.
public int length()
• setLength() - Sets the length of the StringBuffer.
public void setLength(int newLength)
string
23. StringBuffer Operations
• capacity() - Returns the current capacity of the String buffer.
The capacity is the amount of storage available for newly
inserted characters.
public int capacity()
• charAt() - The specified character of the sequence
currently represented by the string buffer, as indicated by
the index argument, is returned.
public char charAt(int index)
string
24. StringBuffer Methods
Methods Meaning
S1.setCharAt(n, ‘x’) Modify the nth character to x
S1.appen(s2) Append s2 string at the end of s1
S1.insert(n,s2) Insert string s2 in s1 at position n
S1.setLength(n) Set length of string s1 to n
string
25. Examples: StringBuffer
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(“Hello”);
sb.length(); // 5
sb.capacity(); // 21 (16 characters room is added if no size is
specified)
sb.charAt(1); // e
sb.setCharAt(1,’i’); // Hillo
sb.setLength(2); // Hi
sb.append(“l”).append(“l”); // Hill
sb.insert(0, “Big “); // Big Hill
sb.replace(3, 11, “ ”); // Big
sb.reverse(); // gib
string
26. vectors
•Vector class is present in java.util language package.
•It Creates generic dynamic array which hold object
of any type any number.
•The object do not have to be homogeneous
•In vector class only objects are stored no type is
stored.
• Vector a = new Vector();
• Vector a = new Vector(3);
string
27. Vector methods
Method Meaning
a.addElement(item) Add item specified to list at the end
a.elementAt(10) Give name of 10 object
a.Size() Number objects present
a.removeElement(item) Remove specified item form list a
a.removeEelementAt(n) Remove item stored in n position
a.reomveAllElements() Remove all elements from list
a.insertElementAt(item,n) Insert item at n position
string
28. Difference between arraylist and
vector
ArrayList Vector
1) ArrayList is not synchronized. Vector is synchronized.
2) ArrayList increments 50% of current array
size if number of element exceeds from its
capacity.
Vector increments 100% means doubles the
array size if total number of element exceeds
than its capacity.
3) ArrayList is not a inheritance class, it is
introduced in JDK 1.2.
Vector is a legacy class.
4) ArrayList is fast because it is
non-synchronized.
Vector is slow because it is synchronized i.e.
in multithreading environment, it will hold
the other threads in runnable or
non-runnable state until current thread
releases the lock of object.
5) ArrayList uses Iterator interface to
traverse the elements.
Vector uses Enumeration interface to traverse
the elements. But it can use Iterator also.
string
29. Wrapper class
•To handle primitive data types java support it by
using wrapper class.
• java provides the mechanism to convert primitive
into object and object into primitive.
•autoboxing and unboxing feature converts
primitive into object and object into primitive
automatically.
•The automatic conversion of primitive into object is
known and autoboxing and vice-versa unboxing.
string
30. Example of wrapper class
public class WrapperExample1{
public static void main(String args[]){
//Converting int into Integer
int a=20;
Integer i=Integer.valueOf(a);//converting int into Integer
Integer j=a;//autoboxing, now compiler will write Integer.valueOf(a) internally
System.out.println(a+" "+i+" "+j);
}}
Output:
20 20 20
string
31. Enumerated type
• Java allows enumerated type with help of enum
keyword
Public class days
{
Public static final int day_Sunday=0;
Public static final int day_monday=0;
Public static final int day_tuesday=0;
Public static final int day_wednesday=0;
Public static final int day_thursday=0;
Public static final int day_friday=0;
Public static final int day_Satarday=0;
}
string
32. example
string
Public class enum
{
Enum day {
Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednes
day,Thursday,Friday,satarday}
Public static void main(String
args[])
{
for(day d:day.values())
{
Weekend(d);
} }
Private weekend(day d)
{
If(d.equals(day.Sunday)
System.out.println(“holiday+d);
Else
System.out.println(“working
days+d);
}
}
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