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Module 8 notes
- 1. Recovery, Prosperity, andTurmoil (1945-1980) Détente • Relaxation of tensions with the Soviet Union • Occurred during Nixon’s presidency • Both nations passed the SALT I Treaty (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) to prevent nuclear war o 5 year agreement to lower the number of missiles in each nation National Highway Act • Eisenhower • Created interstate highways throughout the nation that could be used in the event of an emergency • Decreased travel time
- 2. Identify the causesof United States' involvement in Vietnam and examine how this involvement affected society. Domino Theory • Belief that countries will fall to communism • US believed this must be prevented What was the problem in Vietnam? • Divided into Communist North led by Ho Chi
- 3. Minh and USsupported South • Leader in the South did not give his people freedom • The Vietcong, a South Vietnamese communist group, began working with the North Vietnamese How did the US increase its involvement in Vietnam? Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (August 7, 1964) • North Vietnamese fired at a US ship that was spying from the Gulf of Tonkin • Resolution gave President Johnson permission to use force in Vietnam What was the war like? • Difficult for US to fight
- 4. • We didnot know the land • Many South Vietnamese supported the Vietcong (Who is the enemy?) • US harmed many civilians with Napalm and Agent Orange that were used to burn the jungles • US soldiers were drafted and many did not want to be there • Americans did not understand the war and many were opposed to it • President Johnson said things were going well but Americans watched the war every night on their TVs
- 5. • Protests tookplace throughout the US Tet Offe nsive • Su rp ris e att ac k
- 6. against the USby the North Vietnamese and Vietcong • Attack made Americans realize that we were not winning the war • Support for the war and President Johnson decreased My Lai Incident • Over 200 innocent Vietnamese- mostly women, children and elderly men- were murdered by US soldiers • Hurt the reputation of US soldiers in the war • Johnson promised Vietnamization, that the Vietnamese would take over the war instead of US soldiers Invasion of Cambodia • US troops invaded Cambodia, a neutral country
- 7. • Necessary tostop the passage of weapons from the North to the South • Very unpopular with much of the world Kent State Massac re • 9 stude nts who were prote sting the war were killed by the National Guard • Intensified the movement to end the war Pentagon Papers • Documents leaked to the New York Times revealing that the
- 8. government had plannedto go to war in Vietnam all along • People were angry that the government had not been honest about its intentions • Government took the NYT to court • Supreme Court ruled in New York Times v. US that the paper could publish the documents Fall of Saigon • US agreed to withdraw troops from Vietnam • Paris Peace Accords • As soon as the US left, the North Vietnamese took over the South • Capital city of Saigon fell • The US had accomplished nothing and had lost thousands of soldiers
- 9. The Effects ofthe Vietnam War • 58,000 Americans died or were Missing in Action (MIA) • War Powers Act was passed o Limited the President’s power to use force o President must inform Congress within 48 hours of sending forces into a hostile nation o Cannot leave troops in the area over 90 days without Congressional permission • The 26th Amendment was passed giving all Americans over the age of 18 suffrage Examine the impact of technological innovations that have impacted American life Cold War Technology and the Space Race Sputnik • First satellite
- 10. • Launched bySoviet Union • US responded by stepping up its space program NASA • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) • President Kennedy told Americans that we would be the first country to land a man on the moon • National Defense Education Act gave more money to schools to teach science and math