Module 6 Critical Thinking Assignment The Meaning and Measurement of Risk and Return Problem 6-1: Portfolio Beta (Chapter 6) Your investment club has 3 stocks in its portfolio, as follows: Amount Invested Beta 20,000 0.6 40,000 1.6 40,000 1.2 What is the portfolio's beta? Problem 6-2 Rate of return (Chapter 6) BB Corporation's stock has a beta of 1.2. The risk-free rate is 5% and the expected return on the market is 13%. What is the required rate of return on BB Corporation's stock? Problem 6-3 CAPM (Chapter 6) Suppose the risk-free rate is 4% and the market risk premium is 8%. What is the required rate of return on (1) the market, (2) a stock with a beta of .8, and (3) a stock with a beta of 1.8? Problem 6-4 Calculating beta (Chapter 6) Given the following: Rate of return on Company Z 16% Market rate of return 12% Risk free rate 4% 1. Calculate Company Z's beta 2. If Company Z's beta is 2.2, what would be the new required rate of return Problem 6-5 Portfolio rate of return (Chapter 6) Suppose you manage a portfolio that consists of the following stocks: Stock Investment Beta A 500,000 0.8 B 2,250,000 1.4 C 1,750,000 -0.7 D 1,500,000 1.3 If the market's required rate of return is 12% and the risk-free rate is 3%, what is the fund's required rate of return? Problem 6-6 Standard deviation (Chapter 6) Given the following information, calculate the expected return for the portfolio and the standard deviation. SHOW your work. DATA Probability Returns 0.40 5% 0.30 7% 0.20 12% 0.10 20% Problem 6-7 Holding period gain (Chapter 6) Suppose you purchased 40 shares of XYZ stock for SAR 350.00 on February 1. You sell the 40 shares of stock on October 1 of the same year for 672.40. No dividends were paid during the year. 1. Calculate the holding period gain 2. Calculate the holding period return School Segregation is Alive and Well: Race, Income and Reform Jack Alcineus, Adiba Chowdhury, Kimberly Jean-Charles & Leong Pang MPA 798 and MPA 799 Mentor: Dr. Bakry Elmedni Instructor: Dr. Helisse Levine 1 Table of Contents Introduction Unresolved Problem Research Goal/Purpose Subproblems Study Objectives Research Questions Hypotheses Definitions of Key Terms Nature of the Problem Delimitations Importance of the Study Project Timeline Conceptual Framework Research Methodology References 2 Jack Introduction The Brown vs. Board of Education trial in 1954 was a landmark case that deemed racial segregation of schools in the United States to be unconstitutional (Brown v. Board of Ed, 1954). Sixty years later, segregation in NYC public schools has become a growing trend. “Out of 895 slots in Stuyvesant High School’s freshman class, only seven slots were offered to Black students” (Shapiro, 2019) Household income and educational funding appear to hav.

1. Module 6 Critical Thinking Assignment
The Meaning and Measurement of Risk and Return
Problem 6-1: Portfolio Beta
(Chapter 6)
Your investment club has 3 stocks in its portfolio, as follows:
Amount
Invested
Beta
20,000
0.6
40,000
1.6

2. 40,000
1.2
What is the portfolio's beta?
Problem 6-2 Rate of return
(Chapter 6)
BB Corporation's stock has a beta of 1.2. The risk-free rate is
5% and the
expected return on the market is 13%. What is the required rate
of return
on BB Corporation's stock?

3. Problem 6-3 CAPM
(Chapter 6)
Suppose the risk-free rate is 4% and the market risk premium is
8%.
What is the required rate of return on (1) the market, (2) a stock
with a beta
of .8, and (3) a stock with a beta of 1.8?
Problem 6-4 Calculating beta
(Chapter 6)
Given the following:
Rate of return on Company Z
16%

4. Market rate of return
12%
Risk free rate
4%
1. Calculate Company Z's beta
2. If Company Z's beta is 2.2, what would be the new required
rate of return
Problem 6-5 Portfolio rate of return
(Chapter 6)

5. Suppose you manage a portfolio that consists of the following
stocks:
Stock
Investment
Beta
A
500,000
0.8
B
2,250,000
1.4
C
1,750,000
-0.7
D
1,500,000
1.3

6. If the market's required rate of return is 12% and the risk-free
rate is 3%, what
is the fund's required rate of return?
Problem 6-6 Standard deviation
(Chapter 6)
Given the following information, calculate the expected return
for the portfolio and the standard deviation. SHOW your work.
DATA

7. Probability
Returns
0.40
5%
0.30
7%
0.20
12%
0.10
20%

8. Problem 6-7 Holding period gain
(Chapter 6)
Suppose you purchased 40 shares of XYZ stock for SAR 350.00
on February 1.
You sell the 40 shares of stock on October 1 of the same year
for 672.40.
No dividends were paid during the year.
1. Calculate the holding period gain
2. Calculate the holding period return
School Segregation is Alive and Well: Race, Income and
Reform
Jack Alcineus, Adiba Chowdhury, Kimberly Jean-Charles &
Leong Pang
MPA 798 and MPA 799
Mentor: Dr. Bakry Elmedni
Instructor: Dr. Helisse Levine

9. 1
Table of Contents
Introduction
Unresolved Problem
Research Goal/Purpose
Subproblems
Study Objectives
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Definitions of Key Terms
Nature of the Problem
Delimitations
Importance of the Study
Project Timeline
Conceptual Framework
Research Methodology
References
2

10. Jack
Introduction
The Brown vs. Board of Education trial in 1954 was a landmark
case that deemed racial segregation of schools in the United
States to be unconstitutional (Brown v. Board of Ed, 1954).
Sixty years later, segregation in NYC public schools has
become a growing trend.
“Out of 895 slots in Stuyvesant High School’s freshman class,
only seven slots were offered to Black students” (Shapiro,
2019)
Household income and educational funding appear to have been
the driving forces of this trend.
Source: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483
(1954); Shapiro, E. (2019, March 26). Segregation Has Been the
Story of New York City's Schools for 50 Years. Retrieved from
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/26/nyregion/school-
segregation-new-york.html?auth=link-dismiss-google1tap
2
3
KIM
Unresolved Problem
Despite the national and local efforts for social and cultural
integration, public schools in NYC, the biggest school district
in the country, are now more segregated today compared to
when segregation was legal.

11. Within the last decade (2010-2020), segregation driven by
household income and funding formula has become so prevalent
that it has caused a public outcry which has prompted
policymakers to search for a proper solution.
4
Source: Source: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347
U.S. 483 (1954); Shapiro, E. (2019, March 26). Segregation Has
Been the Story of New York City's Schools for 50 Years.
Retrieved from
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/26/nyregion/school-
segregation-new-york.html?auth=link-dismiss-google1tap
JACK
Research Goal/Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the level of
household income and funding formula used to allocate
resources to schools across the city contribute to the
resegregation of public schools in New York City.
5
JACK

12. Subproblems
Household income affects the type of neighborhood that a
family lives in that determines which public school their
children attend.
The funding formula used by school districts determine the
amount of resources allocated to each New York City public
school.
6
Jack
Research Questions
What effect has household income had on resegregation of
public schools in NYC within the past ten years?
In what ways does the funding formula used by the city
contribute to resegregation of public schools in NYC?
7
LEONG

13. Hypotheses
H1: Children from low-income households located in minority
concentrated neighborhoods are more likely to attend segregated
public schools in NYC.
H2: Public schools located in minority-concentrated
neighborhoods are likely to receive less funding per student
compared to public schools located in majority white
neighborhoods.
H0: There is no relationship between household income and
resegregation in NYC public schools.
H0: There is no relationship between the funding formula and
public school resegregation in NYC public schools.
8
Adiba
Definition of Key Terms
9
Segregation
04
The institutionalized separation of an ethnic, racial,
or other minority group from the dominant majority (Farley,
Frey, 1996).

14. Funding Formula
03
The way NYC department of education allocates resources to
various schools districts in the city (Mezzacappa, 2014).
Household Income
The combined total gross income of every member in a
household who is 15 years and older (Kagan, 2019).
01
02
A demographic change that leads to an increase of minority
schools or schools concentrated with poverty. In turn,
expanding the gap between minority and Caucasian students
within the school population (Burr, 2018).
Resegregation
LEONG
Census Bureau for household income definition
Levine Feedback: add citations
Source: Kagan, J. (2020, January 29). Household Income
Definition. Retrieved from
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/household_income.asp;
Mezzacappa, D., Mezzacappa, D., Dale, & Dale. (2018, March
29). What is a state education funding formula? Retrieved from
https://thenotebook.org/articles/2014/10/02/what-is-a-state-
education-funding-formula/

15. https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2018/03/school-
segregation-is-not-a-myth/555614/
Affirmative Action?
Nature of the Problem
Magnitude
School resegregation is a socioeconomic issue that not only
affects the quality of education children receive based on where
they attend school, but has also had far reaching implications in
areas pertaining to social equity and social harmony.
Timeliness
Lack of meaningful integration has always been a concern for
policymakers, but the level of school resegregation seen in the
past decade has caused loud public outcry.
10
Source: The Fight to Desegregate New York Schools. (2019,
October 18). Retrieved from
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/18/the-weekly/nyc-schools-
segregation.html
ADIBA
Levine Feedback: add citations
Delimitations
Scope, this study is limited to:
New York City public school districts, excluding charter

16. schools.
The time frame 2010 - 2020.
Role of household income and funding formula.
The study will not cover segregation in other cities or states.
The study will not explore other factors that might be driving
segregation.
11
LEONG
Importance of the Study
As public administrators, it is important to examine the causes
driving resegregation of public schools in NYC so as to
understand their immediate and long-term implications such as:
Low graduation rates of minority students
Large academic achievement gaps
Limited educational and career opportunities for minority
students
12
Source: Dalton, J. C., & Crosby, P. C. (2015). Widening income
inequalities: Higher education's role in serving low income
students. Journal of College and Character, 16(1), 1-8.
doi:http://0-
dx.doi.org.liucat.lib.liu.edu/10.1080/2194587X.2014.992914

17. ADIBA
Levine Feedback: add a source
Study Objectives
To explore the role that household income has played in school
resegregation within NYC in the past ten years.
To determine if the funding formula the city uses to allocate
resources contributes to school resegregation across NYC.
13
KIM
Conceptual Framework
14

18. LEONG
Research Methodology
Design: Mixed Methods - Quantitative & Meta-Analysis
Exploratory study using mixed methods.
Quantitative: Data Processing
To examine the relationship between household income and
resegregation in NYC public schools.
To examine the relationship between the the amount of
resources allocated by the state to each district and
resegregation in NYC public schools.
Qualitative: Meta-Analysis
Using 25 peer reviewed articles, conduct systematic review and
quantify how many support the independent and dependent
variable.
15
Kim
Research Methodology cont.
Data Analysis:
Correlation Design
Unit of Analysis:
Average household income in each district

19. Amount of funding per student in each district
Racial disparities within each district
16
Data Sources:
NYC Department of Education
U.S. Government Accountability Office
Time Dimension of Study Design:
Longitudinal Study
Kim
Sources: Calgary, O. (n.d.). School Districts. Retrieved from
https://data.cityofnewyork.us/Education/School-Districts/r8nu-
ymqj; Keeping Track Online. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://data.cccnewyork.org/data/map/66/median-
incomes#66/49/3/107/40/102; NEW YORK COUNTY: NYSED
Data Site. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://data.nysed.gov/profile.php?county=31; School Based
Expenditure Reports. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://infohub.nyced.org/reports/financial/financial-data-and-
reports/school-based-expenditure-reports;
Manhattan Public School Districts
17
Quantitative: Data Processing

20. Qualitative: Meta-Analysis
ADIBA
District Makeup
Sources: Calgary, O. (n.d.). School Districts. Retrieved from
https://data.cityofnewyork.us/Education/School-Districts/r8nu-
ymqj;
18
Adiba
Project Timeline
19

21. TASKSDUE DATEMEMBER IN CHARGETeam PowerPoint
#12/3/30TeamTeam PowerPoint #22/18/20TeamConceptual
Framework2/24/20LeongWritten
Explanation2/24/20TeamProposed
Methodology2/24/20TeamProject
Timeline2/24/20AdibaResearch Grid2/24/20KimTeam
PowerPoint #32/24/20TeamProposal Narrative3/1/20 at
midnightTeamProposal Presentation3/2/20TeamEnd of Text
References in APA Style3/16/20TeamTeam PowerPoint #4:
Background/Literature Review3/23/20TeamTeam PowerPoint
#5: Research Hypotheses3/30/20TeamDraft of
Background/Literature Review4/8/20TeamTeam PowerPoint #6:
Conceptual Framework/Study Variables4/13/20TeamDraft of
Conceptual Framework4/15/20TeamDraft of Research
Design/Methodology4/22/20TeamTeam PowerPoint #7:
Research Design/ Methodology4/27/20TeamDraft of
Results/Findings4/29/20TeamTeam PowerPoint #8:
Results/Findings/Conclusion5/4/20TeamProject
Submission5/10/20TeamFinal Capstone
Presentation5/11/20Team
20
Jack
References
Anderson, M.W. (2004). Colorblind Segregation: Equal
Protection as bar to Neighborhood Integration. California Law
review, 92 (841), 843-890

22. Bischoff, K., & Reardon, S.F. (2013) Residential Segregation by
Income, 1970-2009. US 2010 Project. Retrieved from:
http://www.s4.brown.edu/us2010/Projects/Reports.htm
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954);
Shapiro, E. (2019, March 26). Segregation Has Been the Story
of New York City's Schools for 50 Years.
Retrieved from
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/26/nyregion/school-
segregation-new-york.html?auth=link-dismiss-google1tap
Burr, K. H. (2018). Separate but (un)equal: A review of
resegregation as curriculum: The meaning of the new racial
segregation in U.S. public schools. The Qualitative
Report, 23(7), 1773-1776. Retrieved from http://0-
search.proquest.com.liucat.lib.liu.edu/docview/2256508400?acc
ountid=12142
Conger, D. (2004). Understanding Within-School Segregation in
New York City Elementary Schools. Educational Evaluation and
Policy Analysis, 27 (3) 225-244
Demonte, J., & Hanna, R. (2014) Looking at the Best Teachers
and Who They Teach Poor Students and Students of Color are
Less Likely to Get Highly Effective Teaching, Center for
American Process. Retrieved from:
https://www.americanprogress.org/wp-
content/uploads/2014/04/TeacherDistributionBrief1.pdf
Frey, W. H., & Farley, R. (1996). Latino, Asian, and Black
Segregation in U.S. Metropolitan Areas: Are Multiethnic Metros
Different? Demography, 33(1), 35-50.
21

23. Kagan, J. (2020, January 29). Household Income Definition.
Retrieved from
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/household_income.asp;
Mezzacappa, D., Mezzacappa, D., Dale, & Dale. (2014, October
2). What is a state education funding formula? Retrieved from
https://thenotebook.org/articles/2014/10/02/what-is-a-state-
education-funding-formula/
Owens, A., Reardon, S., & Jencks, C. (2016). Income
Segregation Between Schools and School Districts. American
Educational Research Journal, 53(4), 1159-1197.
Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/24751626
Shapiro, E. (2019, March 26). Segregation Has Been the Story
of New York City's Schools for 50 Years. Retrieved from
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/26/nyregion/school-
segregation-new-york.html?auth=link-dismiss-google1tap
The Fight to Desegregate New York Schools. (2019, October
18). Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/18/the-
weekly/nyc-schools-segregation.html
22
Thank You !
23