A behaviorist would explain that a rat stays in dark corners and avoids open areas because through reinforcement or punishment, it has learned that those behaviors increase its chances of survival. An evolutionary psychologist would say the rat's behaviors are innate abilities that evolved because they helped predecessors survive and reproduce by avoiding danger. Both views see the behaviors as adaptive for increasing the rat's likelihood to survive.

1. Module 1: Critical Thinking Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
2. Behaviorists explain behavior in terms of organisms learning
to make particular responses that are paired with reinforcement
( and to avoid responses that are paired with punishment).
Evolutionary psychology focuses on how abilities are preserved
over time if they contribute to an organism’s ability to survive
and reproduce. How might a proponent of each approach explain
the fact that a rat placed in an unfamiliar environment will tend
to stay in dark corners and avoid brightly lit open areas?
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