The document provides information about pronouns and their usage in sentences. It defines different types of pronouns like subject pronouns, object pronouns, possessive adjectives, and possessive pronouns. Examples are given for each pronoun showing their meaning and usage. The document also contains exercises asking the reader to translate sentences from English to Indonesian using the pronouns.

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1. PRONOUN
A. PRONOUN( KATA GANTI )
Pronoun as
subject
Pronoun as
object
Posessive
adjective
Posessive
pronoun
Meaning
I Me My Mine Saya
You You Your Yours Kamu
They Them Their Theirs Mereka
We Us Our Ours Kami
He Him His His Dia ( Lk )
She Her Her Hers Dia ( Pr )
It It Its Its Dia ( selain
orang)
CONTOHPENGGUNAAN DALAMKALIMAT
1. a. I like mango 4. a. She likesbanana
b. Do youhate me ? b. Do youhate her ?
c. My bookis cheap c. Her bag ischeap
d. Thisis your book and that is mine d. Thisis yourbookand that is hers
2. a. You like mango 5. a. He eats noodle
b. Do they hate you ? b. Do youhate him?
c. your book ischeap c. His house isbig
d. Thisismy bookand that is yours d. Thisis myhouse and that is his
3. a.They like mango
b. Do youhate them ?
c. Their bookischeap
d. Thisismy bookand that is theirs
EXERCISE
Tranlate intoEnglish!!!
1. Bukusaya baru. Sayamembelinyadi tokobukukemarinmalam.
2. Rumahmusangat besar.Kamupasti orang kaya.
3. Saya adalahmuridSMA N Gending.SayalulusanMTs. Walisongo
4. Kami lapar,Maukah kamu memberikusepiringnasi ?
5. Merekaadalahteman – temanku.ApakahKamumengenal mereka?
6. Kamumemberi sayauangkemarin.
7. Ali bukantemanku.Jangantanyakanakutentangdia!
8. Antondan Dani inginbertemukamu.Merekasedangmenunggumudi kantinsekolah.
9. Apakahkamulapar ? Saya punyasemangkokmie untukmu.
10. Apakahmerekagurumu? merekasedangmenatapmudenganserius.
11. Saya akan datangke pestanya( pr ).Apakahkamu inginikutdenganku?
12. Bisakahtemanmumenemuikudi kantorsekarang?
13. Merekatidaksuka menelponkukarenaakumasihmarahpada mereka
14. Apa yangkamu makansetiaphari ?
15. Dimanaayahkubertemukamutadi malam?

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2. To be PresentdanTobe Past
A. To be Present
Dalamtata bahasaInggrisada tiga jenistobe yaitu: is,am , dan are.
Ketigatobe tsbdigunakanpadamasa sekarang( presenttime
Subject To be Contohdalamkalimat
I Am I am a teacher
You Are You are mystudent
They Are Theyare Dinaand Doni
We Are We are in Bali now
He Is He isMr. Ali
She Is She isMrs. Ani
It Is It ismy book
Ali Is Ali islazy
Ali andSiti Are Ali andSiti are myfriends
My mother Is My motheriscooking
The boy Is The boy ishandsome
The boys Are The boys are my sons
The cat Is The cat issleeping
The cats Are The cats are running
B. To be Past
Kalaukitamembicarakan/mengungkapkansesuatuyangterjadidi waktulampaumakakita
harus menggunakantobe Pastyaitu: was dn were .
Perhatikantabel berikutini !
Subject To be Contohdalamkalimat
I Was I was a teachertwoyearsago
You Were You were mystudent
They Were They were sickyesterday
We Were We were inBali lastyear
He Was He wasabsentyesterday
She Was She was clever
It Was It was mymistake
Ali Was Ali waslazy
Ali andSiti Were Ali andSiti were myfriends
My mother Was My motherwas cooking
The boy Was The boy washandsome
The boys Were The boys were sleepy
The cat Was The cat was sleeping
The cats Were The cats were running
Exercise
A. Complete the sentencesbelow with:is,am or are !
1. Mr. Adi ........myEnglishteacher
2. Andi andhiswife ...........doctors
3. The Dog .........sleepingunderthe table
4. The Farmers.............workingnow
5. ............ youastudentora teacher?
6. ..............yourmothercooking?
7. ...............Mrs.Indahanurse ?
8. We .........notplayingfootbal
9. They..........notsleeping
10. What .........youeating?

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B. Complete the sentencesbelow with:wasor were !
1. She ........sicktwodaysago
2. My uncle ..........notinSemarangtwoweeksago
3. ..............youinthe hospital lastnight?
4. When..........he born?
5. Where ..........Andi thismorning?
6. ......est..she inthe marketyesterday?
7. YesterdayI..........absentbuttodayIam present
8. Mr. Sudi ..........inBali three weeksago
9. Mr. Adi andhiswife .......lawyerstwoyearsago
10. Budi .........notat worklastweek
C. Translate the sentencesbelowintoEnglish!
1. Saya sakitkemarin
2. Merekaada di pasar duahari yang lalu
3. Amiradalahseorangguru limatahunlalu
4. Dia ( lk) ada di rumah sakittadi malam
5. Adi tidakmasukkemarin
6. Merekamenemui sayasetiappagi
7. Bukusaya ada di atas meja
8. Rindamemberi sayauang
9. Saya sukagayamu
10. Saya akan membelimobilmu
D. Arrange these jumble wordintoagoodsentence !
1. Anita– not – at home – was
2. Rudi – not– sick– yesterday –was
3. Father– my – was – in the office –last night
4. Joko– Andi – were – and – farmers
5. Maria – not – was – in– Jakarta– lastmonth

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3.Simple Present Tense
Definisi : Simple Present Tense adalah suatu bentuk kalimat yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau
peristiwa yang terjadi pada saat sekarang atau kejadian yang merupakan kebiasaan sehari-hari.
Rumus Verbal:
( + ) S + V1/Vs
( - ) S + do/does + not + V1
( ? ) Do/does + S + V1
Example :
1. ( + ) I drink coffee.
( - ) I don’t drink coffee
( ? ) Do you drink coffee?
2. ( + )Anton and Alex eat soto
( - ) Anton and Alex don’t eat soto
( ? ) Do Anton and Alex eat soto?
3. ( + ) Aziz has an expensive car
( - ) Aziz does not have an expensive car
( ? ) Does Aziz have an expensive car ?
Rumus nominal :
( + ) S + tobe ( is, am ,are ) + c
( - ) S + to be ( is, am ,are ) + not + c
( ? ) to be ( is, am ,are) + s + c ?
Example :
1.( + ) I am a doctor
( - ) Iam not a doctor
( ? ) Are you a doctor ?
2. ( + ) Taman is very clever
( - ) Tamam is not very clever
( ? ) Is Tamam very clever ?
3. ( + ) Yuni is in Japan
( - ) Yuni is not in Japan
( ? ) Is Yuni in Japan ?

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Exercise of Simple present tense
A. Change the sentences below into negative and interrogative !
1. Agung is so smart
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
2. Joni is in the market now
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
3. Faruq is very lazy
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
4. Icha speaks English well
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
5. Umi likes reading a novel
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
B. Translate the sentences below into Indonesian !
1. Mr. Kusnadi always swims in the swimming pool every day
___________________________________________________________
2. They are my loyal friends
___________________________________________________________
3. Adib is always sleepy in the classroom
___________________________________________________________
4. Rohman meets putri in the school cafetaria after school
___________________________________________________________
5. Mr. Rosi lives in London
___________________________________________________________
6. The teacher always goes to school on time
___________________________________________________________
7. Rinda cooks rice in the kitchen every morning
__________________________________________________________
8. Do you want to follow me !
__________________________________________________________
9. I hope you can come to my party
__________________________________________________________
10. What time do you take a nap ?

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4.Simple Past Tense
Definisi : Simple Past Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang terjadi
di masa lampau dan tidak ada kaitannya dengan sekarang.
Rumus Verbal:
( + ) S + V2
( - ) S + did + not + V1
( ? ) Did + S + V1
Example :
1. ( + ) I drank coffee.
( - ) I didn’t drink coffee
( ? ) Did you drink coffee?
2. ( + ) Sofi liked dancing
( - ) Sofi didn’t like dancing
( ? ) Did Sofi like dancing ?
3. ( + ) Amir had an expensive car
( - ) Amir didn’t have an expensive car
( ? ) Did Amir have an expensive car ?
Rumus nominal :
( + ) S + tobe ( was/were ) + c
( - ) S + to be ( was/were ) + not + c
( ? ) to be ( was/were ) + s + c ?
Example :
1.( + ) I was a doctor
( - ) I was not a doctor
( ? ) Were you a doctor ?
2. ( + ) Mrs. Susi was very clever
( - ) Mrs. Susi was not very clever
( ? ) Was Mrs. Susi very clever ?
3. ( + ) Fida was in Japan
( - ) Fida was not in Japan
( ? ) Was Fida in Japan ?

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Exercise of Simple Past tense
A. Change the sentences below into negative and interrogative !
1. Billy was so stupid
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
2. Dedi was in the market last night
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
3. Faruk was very lazy
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
4. Hamdan and Diah spoke English well
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
5. Selvi liked reading a novel
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
B. Translate the sentences below into Indonesian/English !
1. Mr. Kusnadi swam in the swimming last week
___________________________________________________________
2. We were in Tokto last month
___________________________________________________________
3. Rohim sat on the bench
__________________________________________________________
4. Icha met Agung in the school cafetaria after school
___________________________________________________________
5. Mr. Deni washed his car
___________________________________________________________
6. Saya pergi ke Bandung kemarin
___________________________________________________________
7. Ayahku bekerja di Bandara tahun lalu
___________________________________________________________
8. Ahmad mengerjakan ujian kemarin
___________________________________________________________
9. Apakah kamu belajar tadi malam ?
___________________________________________________________
10. Saya tidak tidur tadi malam
___________________________________________________________

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5. Present Continous Tense
Definisi : Present Continous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau peristiwa yang sedang
terjadi pada saat sekarang/pada saat sedang berbicara.
Rumus Verbal:
( + ) S + to be ( is,am,are ) + V.ing
( - ) S + to be ( is,am,are ) + not + V.ing
( ? ) To be ( is,am,are ) + S + V.ing ?
Example :
1. ( + ) I am drinking coffee.
( - ) I am not drinking coffee
( ? ) Are you drinking coffee?
2. ( + )Anton and Alex are eating soto
( - ) Anton and Alex are not eating soto
( ? ) Are Anton and Alex eating soto?
3. ( + ) Aziz is driving an expensive car
( - ) Aziz is not driving an expensive car
( ? ) Is Aziz driving an expensive car ?
4. ( + ) Budi is playing football now
( - ) Budi is not playing football now
( ? ) Is Budi playing football now ?
5. ( + ) Mr. Bahar is sleeping in the bedroom now
( - ) Mr. Bahar is not sleeping in the bedroom now
( ? ) Is Mr. Bahar sleeping in the bedroom now ?
6. ( + ) They are watching TV now
( - ) They are not watching TV now
( ? ) Are They watching TV now ?
7. ( + ) We are cooking now
( - ) We are not cooking now
( ? ) Are We cooking now ?

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Exercise of Present continous tense
A. Change the sentences below into negative and interrogative !
1. Dina and Sovi are cleaning the windows
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
2. Rudi is sitting under the tree
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
3. Adel is swimming in the swimming pool
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
4. They are sweeping the floor
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
5. Umar is reading a novel
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
B. Translate the sentences below into Indonesian !
1. Mr. Kusnadi is swimming now
___________________________________________________________
2. Are you drinking milk ?
___________________________________________________________
3. What are you doing ?
___________________________________________________________
4. The boy is not writing a letter
___________________________________________________________
5. Where is your sister cooking ?
___________________________________________________________
6. Are you crying ? Why are you crying ?
___________________________________________________________
7. They are looking for their bags
___________________________________________________________
8. We are writing some poems
___________________________________________________________
9. The painter is painting a beautiful scenery
___________________________________________________________
10. Rizal is not sleeping now
___________________________________________________________

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6.Simple Future Tense ( Present Future Tense )
Definisi : Simple Future Tense digunakanuntuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang
akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang .
Rumus Verbal:
( + ) S + will + V1
( - ) S + will + not + V1
( ? ) Will + S + V1 ?
Example :
1. ( + ) I will drink coffee.
( - ) I will not drink coffee
( ? ) Will you drink coffee?
2. ( + )Anton and Alex will eat soto
( - ) Anton and Alex will not eat soto
( ? ) Will Anton and Alex eat soto?
3. ( + ) Aziz will drive an expensive car
( - ) Aziz will not drive an expensive car
( ? ) Will Aziz drive an expensive car ?
Rumus nominal :
( + ) S + will + be + c
( - ) S + will + not + be + c
( ? ) Will + s + be + c ?
Example :
1.( + ) I will be a doctor
( - ) I will not be a doctor
( ? ) Will you be a doctor ?
2. ( + ) Toni will be in Jakarta
( - ) Toni will not be in Jakarta
( ? ) Will Toni be in Jakarta ?
3. ( + ) Santi will be in Japan
( - ) Santi will not be in Japan
( ? ) Will Santi be in Japan ?

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Exercise of Simple Future tense
A. Change the sentences below into negative and interrogative !
1. We will be in Jakarta tomorrow morning
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
2. Joni will come to my party
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
3. Faiza will be a nurse next year
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
4. Kusnadi , Bahar and Adel will follow the speech contest
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
5. Mr. Ali will explain Arabic to the students
( - ) _______________________________________________________
( ? ) _______________________________________________________
B. Translate the sentences below into Indonesian /English !
1. Mr. Hasyim will win the lottery
___________________________________________________________
2. They will do the English exam
___________________________________________________________
3. Umi will sleep in the classroom
___________________________________________________________
4. Rohman will meet Putri in the school cafetaria
___________________________________________________________
5. Mr. Ghozi will stay in London since next month
___________________________________________________________
6. He will meet me
___________________________________________________________
7. My father will work in Jakarta next week
___________________________________________________________
8. Dinda akan pergi ke Solo besok pagi
___________________________________________________________
9. Kami akan memasak nasi
___________________________________________________________
10. Guru saya akan menjelaskan tentang “ Basic Grammar “ besok
___________________________________________________________

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7.Noun ( Kata Benda )
Apa itu noun? Dalam pelajaran grammar untuk Bahasa Inggris, pengertian noun adalah kata benda
dalam bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk mendefinisikan orang, tempat, hewan,tanaman, benda,
kualitas akan sesuatu,atau suatu kegiatan. (Misalnya: man = lelaki, house = rumah, cat = kucing,
roses = bunga-bunga mawar, the quality = kualitas, writing = menulis, dan lain sebagainya.)
Apa saja macam-macam noun? Sebagai salah satu dari delapan (8) jenis parts of speech dalam Bahasa
Inggris, noun juga terdapat banyak jenisnya, yaitu: abstract noun, collective noun, common noun,
compound noun, concrete noun, proper noun, countable and uncountable nouns, singular and plural
nouns.
Macam-macam Noun dan Fungsinya
 Abstract Noun (kata benda yang tak berwujud)
berfungsi menunjukkan benda yang tak berwujud, tetapi dapat dibayangkan.
Contoh : life (kehidupan), love (kasih-sayang / cinta), friendship (persahabatan), relationship
(hubungan), dan lain sebagainya. Contoh kalimat: Love is important thing in our life.
 Collective noun (kata benda kolektif)
berfungsi sebagai kata benda yang mempunyai arti majemuk.
Contoh: group (grup / kelompok), class (kelas), flock (sekelompok unggas), battalion
(batalyon) dan lain sebagainya. Contoh kalimat: My school has many classes
 Common noun (kata benda umum),
yang biasanya paling mudah diingat – karena noun jenis ini termasuk yang paling dasar dan
lebih dulu diajarkan.
Contoh: teacher (guru), flower (bunga), car (mobil), building (bangunan), motorcycle (sepeda
motor), chair (kursi), dan lain sebagainya. Contoh kalimat: She buy a new car
 Compound nouns adalah gabungan dua kata, dimana kata pertama dan keduanya
dijamakkan, Contoh kalimat: This restaurant has some men servants
Singular (Tunggal) Plural (Jamak)
man servant
woman servant
man teacher
men servants
women servants
men teachers
 Concrete Noun (kata benda berwujud) untuk menunjukkan benda yang memiliki wujud
dengan kriteria dapat dilihat atau disentuh.
Contoh: people (orang), book (buku), car (mobil), dan sebagainya. Contoh kalimat: Reading a
book is my hoby
 Proper noun (kata benda nama diri) yaitu nama orang, sekolah, perusahaan, kota, negara,dsb.
Contoh: Marry, Indonesia, Facebook, dan sebagainya. Contoh kalimat: His name is John
 Countable nouns adalah benda yang dapat dihitung, baik secara singular (tunggal) dan plural
(jamak). Contoh kalimat: My brother drinks a glass of milk.
Singular (Tunggal) + a (Sebuah / Satu )
Plural (Jamak) + many, several,some , or a few
(Banyak, sebagian, beberapa, atau sedikit)
A ring
a week
a room
A book
A month
A glass
(many, several, some, a few) rings
(many, several, some, a few) weeks
(many, several, some, a few) rooms
(many, several, some, a few) books
(many, several, some, a few) months
(many, several, some, a few) glasses
 Uncountable nouns adalah benda yang tidak dapat dihitung, misalnya : water (air), air
(udara), sugar (gula),dan lain-lain. Biasanya bisa ditambah dengan kata-kata some (sebagian)
atau much (banyak untuk sesuatu yang tidak bisa dihitung.)Contoh kalimat: I put a bottle of
water on the table.

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Bagaimana dengan contoh kalimat noun?
Dalam kalimat, noun mempunyai empat (4) fungsi, yaitu:
 subject of a sentence / subjek dalam kalimat.
(contoh kalimat: Ruby has known Tony for four years. / Ruby telah mengenal Tony selama
empat tahun.)
 subject / object complement atau subjek / objek pelengkap.
(contoh kalimat: He is a director.)
 direct / indirect object atau objek langsung / tak langsung.
(contoh kalimat: You hit the nail on the head.)
 object of a preposition / objek preposisi atau penempatan
(contoh kalimat: I was reading a magazine at home when the electricity went out.)
Exercise
TRUE Or FALSE
1. I have two book
2. She has a pen
3. They have tree house
4. We have a sister
5. They have four cat
6. Linda needs a money
7. I want to have a big house
8. Do you want some sugars ?
9. It is cat
10. It is your bike

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8. Yes– No Question
“Apa itu Yes-No questions?”, “Bagaimana cara membuat Yes-No questions?”, “Bagaimana
cara menjawab Yes-No questions?”. Let’s discuss!
PENJELASAN LENGKAP YES-NO QUESTIONS
Yes-No questions adalah sebuah pertanyaan singkat yang hanya membutuhkan
jawaban yes (ya) dan no (tidak).
Sebuah pertanyaan ya-tidak (yes-no questions) harus menempatkan auxiliary sebelum
subject. Bagaimana cara membuat yes/no questions?
MEMBUAT YES-NO QUESTIONS
Perhatikan pola dibawah ini untuk membuat yes-no questions.
Auxiliary
be
do, does, did
+ subject + verb/noun/adj/adv ... ?
 Is your father a teacher?
 Are you busy?
 Do you like English?
 Does she read a book?
 Did they learn English?
Kita dapat membuat yes-no questions dari sebuah pernyataan (statement). Kita lihat contoh
berikut:
Pernyataan
(Statement)
Pertanyaan
(Yes/No Questions)
Your mother is a nurse. Is your mother a nurse?
Lina is learning English. Is Lina learning English?
You are sleepy. Are you sleepy?
You are listening to music. Are you listening to music?
Mirna was sick yesterday. Was Mirna sick yesterday?
Yudy brings some pencils. Does Yudy bring some pencils?
The students visited Bali last semester. Did the students visit Bali last semester?

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MENJAWAB YES-NO QUESTIONS
Yes-No questions hanya membutuhkan jawaban yes/no. Kita lihat contoh jawaban dari
yes/no questions berikut:
Pertanyaan
(Yes/No Questions)
Jawaban
(Answers)
Is your mother a nurse? Yes, she is./ No, she isn't.
Is Rudi learning English? Yes, he is./ No, he isn't.
Are you sleepy? Yes, I am./ No, I am not.
Are you listening to music? Yes, I am./ No, I am not.
Was Mirna sick yesterday? Yes, she was./ No, she wasn't.
Does Yudy bring some pencils? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
Did the students visit Bali last semester? Yes, they did./ No, they didn't.
Exercise
A. Answer the sentences with “ No “ !
1. Do you like English ? No, I do not like English
2. Are you a doctor ?
3. Is Ali a teacher ?
4. Can you speak English ?
5. Are you crying ?
6. Does she live in London ?
7. Do you want to smoke ?
8. Are they cooking ?
9. Do you understand ?
10. Does Arman write a novel ?

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9. QuestionWord
Pengertian Question Words
Seperti yang sudah saya singgung di atas,question words merupakan kata yang digunakan untuk
menanyakan sesuatu,baik waktu, tempat, alasan, cara,orang, benda, dan sebagainya. Selain itu,
question words juga dapat digunakan untuk membentuk adjective clause dan noun clause.
Rumus Question words Untuk Mengajukan Pertanyaan
Untuk mengajukan pertanyaan dengan menggunakan question words, anda dapat melakukannya
dengan susunan kata sebagai berikut:
Subject question = Who/what + Verb
Non subject question = Question Word + Auxiliary verb + Subject + Ordinary Verb
Subject question artinya untuk menanyakan subject, sedangkan non subject question untuk
menanyakan selain subject, bisa objek, verb, ataupun adverb. Jika ada pertanyaan seperti ini “tadi
siang kamu ke mana” maka menanyakan adverb (keterangan tempat). Berbeda jika pertanyaan “Apa
yang Budi lakukan tadi malam”, maka jelas pertanyaan tersebut menanyakan verb (melakukan apa? –
kata kerja).
Question Words Untuk Menanyakan
Who : siapa Subjek (person)
Objek (person) – informal
Whom: siapa Objek (person)
What: apa Subjek (non person)
Objek (non person)
Verb
Whose: milik siapa Possession (kepemilikan)
Which: yang mana Choice (pilihan)
Where: dimana/kemana Place (tempat)
When: kapan Time (waktu)
Why: mengapa Reason (alasan)
How: bagaimana Manner (cara)
How far: seberapa jauh Distance (jarak)
How fast: seberapa cepat Speed (kecepatan)
How long: seberapa lama Duration (durasi)
How often: seberapa sering Frequency (keseringan)
Etc…
Contoh kalimat question words dalam bertanya:
Misalkan ada kalimat seperti ini:
Puri has bought a new book in the book store.
Dari kalimat diatas, subjeknya adalah Puri (nama orang), verbnya has bought, objeknya a new book,
dan adverbnya adalah in the book store. Kita dapat mengandai-andai pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang
dapat muncul dari kalimat tersebut, seperti pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut ini:
Who has bought a new book in the book store? – Menanyakan subjek, jawabannya adalah Puri
What has Puri done in the book store? – Menanyakan verb, jawabannya adalah bought.
What has Puri bought in the book store? - Menanyakan objek, jawabannya adalah a new book.
Where has Puri bought a new book? – Menanyakan adverb, jawabannya adalah in the book store.

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10.Adjective ( Kata Sifat )
PENGERTIAN ADJECTIVE
Menurut Gucker (59: 1966), “adjective is used to modify a noun or pronoun, that is, to describe
the noun or pronoun”.
Adjective adalah kata sifat yang menerangkan kata benda. Adjective biasanya digunakan
sebelum kata benda atau setelah linking verbs.
⇒ Adjective sebelum kata benda:
 A red jacket.
 A big city.
 Smart students.
 Beautiful girl.
Kata sifat
(adjective)
Contoh Penjelasan
Red
(Merah)
A red jaket Red menerangkan Jacket.
Artinya jaket merah.
Big
(Besar)
A big city Big menerangkan city.
Artinya kota besar.
Smart
(Pintar)
Smart students Smart menerangkan students.
Artinya para siswa yang pintar.
Beautiful
(Cantik)
Beautiful girl Beautiful menerangkan girl.
Artinya gadis cantik.
⇒ Adjective setelah linking verbs (be, seem, taste, look, or feel):
 We are clever.
 Your bag is expensive.
 He looks handsome.
 This pizza tastes delicious.
Kata sifat
(adjective)
Contoh Kalimat Penjelasan
Clever
(Pandai)
We are clever. Clever menerangkan We.
Artinya kita pandai.
Expensive
(Mahal)
Your bag is expensive. Expensive menerangkan your bag.
Artinya tas kamu mahal.
Handsome He looks handsome. Handsome menerangkan he.

18. LKP EFB - CLUB Page 18
Kata sifat
(adjective)
Contoh Kalimat Penjelasan
(Tampan) Artinya dia terlihat tampan.
Delicious
(Lezat)
This pizza tastes delicious. Delicious menerangkan this pizza.
Artinya pizza ini rasanya lezat.
CONTOH ADJECTIVE
Beberapa contoh adjective (kata sifat) antara lain:
» Common adjective (kata sifat umum)
 big
 small
 beautiful
 handsome
 clever
 smart
 tall
 short
 long
 delicious
» Color adjective (kata sifat warna)
 red
 yellow
 black
 blue
 pink
 white
» Shape adjective (kata sifat bentuk)
 circle
 flat
 curved
 square
CONTOH KALIMAT MENGGUNAKAN ADJECTIVE
 We are diligent.
 He drinks a glass of hot coffee.
 You look so sad.
 She bought new car.
 The view is amazing.
Exercise : Translate !
1. I have an expensive car
2. My house is big
3. Lia has a long nose
4. Vera has big eyes
5. Rini is clever

19. LKP EFB - CLUB Page 19
11.VERB ( Kata Kerja )
Verb atau kata kerja dalam sebuah kalimat di gunakan untuk mengidentifikasikan ataupun
menjelaskan perilaku dari si pelaku (subjek dalam kalimat) ataupun menjelaskan peristiwa
dan keadaan. Contoh :
 Aldo drives his father’s car (Aldo mengendarai mobil ayahnya)
*Penjelasan : Drives disini merupakan kata kerja yang menjelaskan subjek (Aldo) yang
sedang mengendarai mobil milik ayahnya.
 The fires burnt all the houses (Api itu membakar seluruh rumah)
*penjelasan : Burnt disini merupakan kata kerjayang menjelaskan sebjek (the fire:api) yang
sedang membakar rumah-rumah.
Macam-Macam Verb (Kata Kerja)
1.Transitive dan Intransitive
Transitive merupakan kata kerja (verb) yang membutuhkan objek atau yang biasa di sebut
dengan direct objek.
Intranstive merupakan kata kerja (Verb) yang tidak membutuhkan objek atu indirect objek.
Contoh :
Transitive Verb :
 Siska sweeps the floor this morning (Siska menyapu lantai pagi ini)
 Randi Kicks the ball in the yard this afternoon (Randi menendang bola di lapangan
sore ini)
 My mother buys some vegetable in the market (ibuku membeli beberapa sayuran di
pasar)
 the boy loves his girl very much (laki-laki itu sangat mencintai gadis itu)
 My uncle lends me money for buy something (pamaku meminjamkan aku uag untuk
membeli sesuatu)
Intransitive Verb:
 Dinda often sneeze in the morning while she feels cold (dinda sering bersin di pagi
hari ketika dia merasa dingin)
 My uncle caught long day (pamanku batuk sepanjang hari)
 The patient can not breath easily (pasien itu tidak dapat bernafas dengan mudah)
 my mother asks me to pray wherever Iam (ibuku menyuruhku untuk berdoa
dimanapun aku)
 this coach teaches me how to dance (pelatih ini mengajarkan aku untuk berdansa)
2.Action dan Stative
Action di gunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang terjadi dan mengalami perubahan.
Stative digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang cenderung tetap dan tidak mengalami
perubahan.
Contoh :
Action Verb
 The girls sings a beautifull song (gadis itu menyanyi sebuah lagu yang indah)

20. LKP EFB - CLUB Page 20
 our team will play football match this afternoon (tim kita akan bermain sepakbola sore
ini)
 my brother eats vegetable every lunch (adik laki-laki ku memakan sayuran setiap
maka siang)
 My mother cooks delicious food for me (ibuku memasak makanan yang lezat untuk
ku)
 my servant cuts the grass every afternoon (pembantu rumah tanggaku memotong
rumput setiap sore)
Stative Verb
 The girls loves her mom so much (gadis itu sangat mencintai ibunya)
 we need your help for this problem (kami membutuhkan bantuan mu untuk masalah
ini)
 I don’t know why I hate you (aku tak tau mengapa aku membencimu)
 They hurt me with their word (mereka menyakitiku dengan kata-kata mereka)
 I admire with this boy (aku mengagumi laki-laki ini)
3.Regular dan Irregular
Regular merupakan sebuah kata kerja yang beraturan dan tambahan (suffix) selalu
berakhiran ‘ED’
Irregular merupakan kata kerja yag tidak beraturan dan tambahanya lebih bervariasi lagi.
Regular Verb
 she cried this night (dia menangis malam ini)
 I read this book in the library yesterday (aku membaca buku ini di perpustakaan
kemarin)
 My sister borrowed my new cloth (saudara perempuanku meminjam baju baruku)
 can you cooked the food for me? (dapatah kamu memasak makanan untuk ku?)
 my father kissed me when I went to Bali (ayahku menciumku ketika aku pergi ke Bali)
Irregular Verb
 My family ate together yesterday (keluargaku makan bersama kemarin)
 I can sang beautifull song for you (aku dapat bernyanyi lagu yang indah untuk mu)
 He bought me a new book in Gramedia (dia membelikan ku buku baru di Gramedia)
 they took a photo while travelling (mereka berfoto ketika berjalan-jalan)
 I felt that I was happy yesterday (aku merasa bahwa aku sangat bahagia kemarin)
4.Linking Verb
Linking verb merupakan kata kerja yang menghubungkan verb dengan apa yang di
deskripsikanya.
Contoh :
 He is young and handsome (dia muda dan tampan)
 we are smart and active (kita pintar dan aktif)
 they are crazy and funny (mereka gila dan lucu)

21. LKP EFB - CLUB Page 21
5.Causative
Causative merupakan kata kerja dimana subjek tidak bertanggung jawab atas apa yang
telah terjadi.
6.Finite dan Nonfinite
Finite yaitu kata kerja yang di pengaruhi tense (waktu)
Non-finite adalah kata kerja yang tidak di pengaruhi apapun.
Selain 6 jenis Verb (kata kerja) di atas, ada beberapa kata kerja lagi yang sering di
gunakan, yaitu :
7.Auxiliary Verb
Auxiliary verb sering di sebut dengan kata bantu kerja, yaitu kata kerja yang muncul
sebelum kata kerja utama atau main verb. contoh:
 I can speak english fluently (saya dapat berbicara bahasa inggris dengan lancar)
*penjelasan : can disini merupakan sebuah modal dan masuk kedalam auxiliary verb (kata
bantu kerja) dan ada sebelum kata kerja utama nya yaitu speak.
8.Verb Voices
verb voices sendiri di bagi menjadi 2 yaitu :
Passive voice merupakan kata kerja yang menerima aksi. contoh :
 the food is cooked by me (masakan itu dimasak olehku)
Active voice merupakan kata kerja yang melakukan aksi. contoj:
 My mother kisses me this morning (ibuku menciumku pagi ini)
9.Verb Moods
digunakan untuk menyatakan himbauan ataupun perintah. contoh :
 sit down! (duduk!)
 shut up! (diam!)
 wake up! (bangun!)

22. LKP EFB - CLUB Page 22
Contohkata kerjadan artinta
VERB : KATA KERJA
SPEAK : BERBAHASA ( I speakEnglish)
SING : MENYANYI ( I sing Dangdutsongs)
SELL : MENJUAL ( I sell some potatoes)
SIT : DUDUK ( I siton the chair )
SWIM : BERENANG ( I swiminthe swimmingpool )
SAY : BERKATA/MENGATAKAN ( Theysaysomething)
EAT : MAKAN ( We eatnoodle )
DRINK : MINUM ( He drinkscofee )
SWEEP : MENYAPU ( She sweepsthe floor )
WASH : MENCUCI ( Sintawashesthe clothes)
TAKE A BATH : MANDI ( Dedi takesa bath)
GET UP : BANGUN PAGI( The boy getsup late )
PRONOUN ASSUBJECT ( KATA GANTI ORANGSEBAGAISUBJEK )
I = SAYA
YOU = KAMU
THEY = MEREKA
WE = KAMI
HE = DIA ( LAKI2 )
SHE = DIA ( WANITA )
IT = DIA / ITU ( SELAIN ORANG)
Correct the sentencesbelow!
1. Amirdrinkingcoffee
2. She sweepthe floor
3. Ani eatingmeatball
4. Rudi speakEnglish
5. I studyingenglish
6. We getsup early
7. Sintasingingasong
8. Aminsell the car
9. Theysweepingthe yard
10. He drinktea

23. LKP EFB - CLUB Page 23
12. Vocabulary about colour
Nama-Nama Warna (Colours) :
1. red : merah
2. blue : biru
3. green : hijau
4. yellow : kuning
5. purple : ungu
6. black : Hitam
7. white : putih
8. brown : coklat
9. orange : oranye
10. grey : abu-abu
11. pink : merah muda
Contoh :
1. red tomato = tomat merah (tomat yang berwarna merah)
2. blue sky = biru langit (langit yang berwarna biru)
3. green avocado = alpukat hijau (alpukat yang berwarna hijau)
4. yellow banana = pisang kuning (pisang yang berwarna kuning)
5. purple grapes = anggur ungu (anggur yang berwarna ungu)
6. black shoes = sepatu hitam (sepatu yang berwarna hitam)
7. white cow = sapi putih (sapi yang berwarna putih)
8. brown horse = kuda coklat (kuda yang berwarna coklat)
9. orange carrot = wortel oranye (wortel yang berwarna oranye)
10. grey elephant = gajah abu-abu (gajah yang berwarna abu-abu)
11. pink doll = boneka merah muda (boneka yang berwarna merah muda)
Contoh :
1. five red balloons = lima balon merah
2. seven blue balloons = tujuh balon biru
3. two green balloons = dua balon hijau
4. six yellow balloons = enam balon kuning
5. nine purple balloons = sembilan balon ungu
6. ten black balloons = sepuluh balon hitam
7. four white balloons = empat balon putih
8. one brown balloon = satu balon coklat
9. three orange balloons = tiga balon oranye
10. eight grey balloons = enam balon abu-abu
11. nine pink balloons = sembilan balon merah muda
Write in English!
1. tiga boneka hijau
2. tujuh boneka kuning
3. sembilan boneka putih
4. lima boneka merah
5. enam boneka putih
6. delapan bola hitam
7. Sembilan buku kuning
8. empat kucing hitam
9. sepuluh rumah biru
10. Dua anjing kuning

24. LKP EFB - CLUB Page 24
13.VocabularyaboutPart of Body
Kosa-kata Bahasa Inggris tentang bagian-bagian tubuh (parts of body):
1. Head = kepala
2. Hair = rambut
3. Forehead = dahi
4. Eyebrows = alis
5. Eyelash = bulu mata
6. Eye = mata
7. Eyeball = bola mata
8. Eyelid = kelopak mata
9. Temple = pelipis
10. Ear = telinga
11. Nose = hidung
12. Nostril = lubang hidung
13. Moustache = kumis
14. Lips = bibir
15. Tooth/teeth = gigi
16. Tongue = lidah
17. Mouth = mulut
18. Cheek = pipi
19. Chin = dagu
20. Jaw = rahang
21. Beard = jenggot
22. Neck = leher
23. Throat = tenggorokan
24. Shoulder = bahu
25. Arm = lengan
26. Armpit = ketiak
27. Hand = tangan
28. Wrist = pergelangan tangan
29. Elbow = siku
30. Finger = jari
31. Nail = kuku
32. Chest = dada
33. Breast = payudara
34. Stomach = perut
35. Hips = pinggul
36. Waist = pinggang
37. Back = punggung
38. Buttocks = pantat
39. Leg = kaki
40. Thigh = paha
41. Knee = lutut
42. Heel = tumit
43. Foot/Feet = kaki
44. Ankle = pergelangan kaki
45. Toes = jari-jari kaki
46. Skin = kulit
47. Heart = jantung
48. Brain = otak
49. Blood = darah
50. Lungs = paru-paru
51. Liver = hati
52. Kidney = ginjal
53. Intestine = usus
54. Muscle = otot
55. Nerve = urat syar
Contoh :
1. black hair = rambut hitam
2. white tooth = gigi putih
3. brown hand = tangan coklat
4. red lip = bibir merah
5. black chin : dagu hitam
Latihan Soal :
I. Arrange the letters bellow!
(Susunlah huruf-huruf berikut!)
1. n - c - h - i = .......
2. e - k - n - e = .......
3. o - n - e - s = .......
4. c - a - b - k = .......
5. a - n - d - h = .......
II. Write "T" for True and "F" for False for the following
sentences!
(Tulis "T" untuk benar dan "F" untuk salah sesuai
dengan kalimat!)
1. I have seven fingers. (...)
2. I have one head. (...)
3. I have ten toes.(...)
4. I have one hand. (...)
5. I have two neck. (....)

25. LKP EFB - CLUB Page 25
14.VocabularyaboutAnimal
Vocabulary
1. chicken : ayam
2. cock : ayam jantan
3. hen : ayam betina
4. duck : bebek
5. cat : kucing
6. dog : Anjing
7. cow : sapi
8. rabbit : kelinci
9. horse : kuda
10. bird : burung
11. elephant : gajah
12. fish : ikan
13. frog : katak
14. monkey : kera
15. snake : ular
16. turtle : kura-kura
17. lion : singa
18. tiger : harimau
19. mouse : tikus
20. goat : kambing
Do you have : Apakah kamu punya ?
How many : Berapa banyak ?
Contoh soal
- Cock – 2
X : Do you have a cock ?
Y : Yes, I do
X : How many cocks do you have ?
Y : I have two
Soal
1. Monkey – 3
2. Lion – 4
3. Bird – 6
4. Rabbit – 8
5. Goat – 10
6. Cow – 11
7. Dog – 2
8. Cat – 12
9. Hen – 9
10. Horse - 12

26. LKP EFB - CLUB Page 26
15.VocabularyaboutOccupation/Profession
No. Kosakata Arti
1 Accountant Akuntan
2 Actor Aktor
3 Actress Aktris
4 Actuary Aktuaris
5 Administrator Administratur
6 Advertising Manager Manajer Periklanan
7 Agronomist Ahli Ilmu Tanah
8 Air Traffic Controller Pengontrol Lalu Lintas Udara
9 Aircraft Mechanic Mekanik Pesawat
10 Ambassador Duta Besar
11 Animator Animator
12 Anthropologist Antropolog
13 Archeologist Arkeolog
14 Architect Arsitek
15 Art Critic Kritikus Seni
16 Art Gallery Curator Kurator Galeri
17 Art Photographer Fotografer Seni
18 Artist Seniman
19 Assessor Juru Taksir
20 AssistantHousekeeperAsisten Rumah Tangga
21 Astrologer Ahli Nujum
22 Astronaut Astronot
23 Astronomer Ahli Astronomi
24 Athlete Atlet
25 Auditor Akuntan
26 Author Penulis
27 Baker Tukang Roti
28 Barber Tukang Cukur
29 Barman Pelayan Bar
30 Bassist Pemain Bass

27. LKP EFB - CLUB Page 27
No. Kosakata Arti
31 Beautician Ahli Kecantikan
32 Beekeeper Peternak Lebah
33 Bibliographer Bibliograf
34 Biologist Ahli Biologi
35 Blogger Blogger
36 Botanist Ahli Botani
37 Brewer PembuatBir
38 Building Inspector Inspektur Bangunan
39 Bus Driver Supir Bus
40 Businessman Pengusaha
41 Butler Kepala Pelayan
42 Car Mechanic Montir
43 Carpenter Tukang Kayu
44 Carver Pemahat
45 Cashier Kasir
46 Celebrity Selebritis
47 Chef Koki
48 Choreographer Koreografer
49 Circus Artist Pemain Sirkus
50 Cleaner Tukang Bersih-Bersih
51 Comedian Pelawak
52 Comic Artist Komikus
53 Composer Penyusun
54 Computer Engineer Insinyur Komputer
55 Conductor (Orchestral)Konduktor
56 Conductor (Tram/Bus) Supir Bus
57 Confectioner PembuatKue dan Manisan
58 Cook Koki
59 Dancer Penari
60 Debt Collector Penagih Hutang

28. LKP EFB - CLUB Page 28
16.VocabularyaboutFamily
Grandparents = Kakek-nenek
• Grandfather = Kakek
• Grandmother = Nenek
• Husband = Suami
• Wife = Istri
• Parent = Orang tua
• Father = Ayah
• Mother = Ibu
• Daughter = Anak perempuan
• Son = Anak laki-laki
• Sister = Saudara pr
• Brother = Saudara lk
• Granddaughter = Cucu pr
• Grandson = Cucu lk
• Uncle = Paman
• Aunt = Bibi
• Niece = Keponakan pr
• Nephew = Keponakan lk
• Cousin = Sepupu
• Parent-in-law = Mertua
• Son-in-law = Menantu lk
• Daughter-in-law = Menantu pr
• Step child = Anak tiri
• Stepson = Anak tiri lk
• Stepdaughter = Anak tiri pr
• Adoption = Adopsi
• adoptive father = Ayah dari adopsi
• adoptive mother = Ibu dari adopsi
• ancestor = nenek moyang, leluhur
• bachelor = perjaka
• birth mother = ibu kandung
• blood relative = kerabat sedarah
• bride = pengantin pr
• bridegroom = pengantin lk
• brotherhood = persaudaraan
• brotherly = (bersifat) persaudaraan
• brother-in-law = Saudara ipar lk
• care-giver = orang yang mengurus anggota keluarga
• child = anak
• childhood = masa anak-anak
• children (jamak dari child) = anak-anak
• clan = klan (keluarga besar)
• close-knit = hubungan erat
• connection = koneksi, hubungan
• dad = Ayah
• daddy = ayah
• descendant = keturunan, anak-cucu
• divorce = perceraian
• engaged = bertunangan
• engagement = tunangan
• estranged = diasingkan
• ex- = mantan, bekas
• ex husband = mantan suami
• ex wife = mantan istri
• extended family = keluarga besar
• family tree = pohon keluarga
• fiancée = pasangan tunangan
• flesh and blood = darah daging
• folks = sanak saudara
• foster child = anak angkat
• foster father = ayah angkat

29. LKP EFB - CLUB Page 29
• foster mother = ibu angkat
• foster parent = orang tua angkat
• fraternal = persaudaraan
• friend = teman
• fraternal twin = saudara kembar
• genealogy = silsilah keturunan
• grandpa = kakek
• grandma = nenek
• granny = nenek
• great-granddaughter = cicit pr (anak dari cucu)
• great-grandfather = buyut lk
• great-grandmother = buyut pr
• great-grandparent = buyut
• great-grandson = cicit lk (anak dari cucu)
• great-aunt = bibi dari orang tua
• great-uncle = paman dari orang tua
• groom = mempelai lk
• grown up = dewasa
• heir = ahli waris
• heiress = ahli waris pr.
• Helpmate = pembantu (suami istri)
• Hereditary = turun-temurun
• Heritage = warisan
• History = sejarah
• Home = rumah
• Household = rumah tangga
• identical twin = kembar identik
• inherit = mewarisi, ahli waris
• inheritance = warisan
• infant = bayi baru lahir
• infancy = masa bayi
• juvenile = anak muda, remaja
• kin = kerabat, sanak famili
• kindred = keluarga
• kinfolk = kerabat
• kinship = kekerabatan
• kith = kenalan-kenalan, handai taulan, sanak keluarga
• lineage = garis silsilah keluarga
• love = cinta, kasih sayang
• loyalty = kesetiaan
• maiden name = nama gadis
• mama = ibu
• marriage = pernikahan
• mate = kawan, kerabat, pasangan, dsb.
• Maternal = keibuan, berhubungan dengan ibu
• Matriarch = ibu sebagai pemimpin keluarga
• Matrimony = ikatan suci pernikahan
• Minor = orang yang belum dewasa
• Miss = nona
• Mom = Ibu
• Mommy = Ibu
• Monogamy = pernikahan tunggal (beristri satu)
• Mother = ibu
• Mr. = Tuan
• Mrs. = Nyonya
• Ms. = Nona
• Natal = Kelahiran
• Newlywed = Pasangan baru menikah
• nuclear family = keluarga inti
• nuptial = berhubungan dengan pernikahan
• nurture = pengasuhan
• offspring = keturunan
• orphan = yatim-piatu

30. LKP EFB - CLUB Page 30
• papa = Ayah
• partner = Rekan
• paternal = berhubungan dengan Ayah
• patriarch = ayah sebagai kepala keluarga
• pop = Ayah (panggilan)
• posterity = anak-cucu
• progenitor = nenek moyang
• progeny = anak-cucu, keturunan
• quadruplets = kembar empat
• quints = kembar lima
• quintuplets = kembar lima
• related = berhubunagan erat
• relations = relasi, hubungan
• relative = sanak kerabat
• second cousin = sepupu kedua
• senior = senior
• separation = perceraian
• sibling = saudara kandung
• single =lajang
• sisterhood = persaudaraan
• sisterly = (bersifat) persaudaraan
• spouse = pasangan (suami atau istri)
• stepbrother = saudara tiri lk.
• stepdad = Ayah tiri
• stepdaughter = anak tiri pr.
• Stepfather = Ayah tiri
• Stepmom = ibu tiri
• Stepmother = ibu tiri
• Stepsister = saudara perempuan
• Stepson = anak tiri lk.
• surrogate mother = wali pr.
• Tribe = suku
• Triplets = kembar tiga
• Trust = kepercayaan
• Trustworthy = dapat dipercaya
• twin brother = saudara kembar lk.
• twin sister = saudara kembar pr.
• Twins = saudara kembar
• Wedding = pernikahan
• Wedlock = ikatan pernikahan
• Wife = istri
• Youth = kaum muda