Models are only useful if they help us identify key aspects of polic.docx

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Models are only useful if they help us identify key aspects of policy, mimic reality, communicate concepts in a meaningful way, give means by which they can be tested, and hypothesize about the causes and consequences of public policy. A. Order and Simplify Reality Models need to strike a balance between simplifying reality in order to analyze political life and the danger of oversimplifying. B. Identify What Is Significant A difficult task in applying any model is determining what aspects of public policy must be included. C. Be Congruent with Reality While models are only concepts, they must have a relationship with reality. D. Provide Meaningful Communication A model is only meaningful if it is based on ideas for which some consensus exists. E. Direct Inquiry and Research Any model must be testable and capable of being validated. Suggest Explanations Models must go beyond description of public policy to explication .

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Suggest Explanations Models must go beyond description of
public policy to explication

Individual Project: Models are only useful if they help us identify key aspects of policy, mimic reality, communicate concepts in a meaningful way, give means by which they can be tested, and hypothesize about the causes and consequences of public policy. A. Order and Simplify Reality Models need to strike a balance between simplifying reality in order to analyze political life and the danger of oversimplifying. B. Identify What Is Significant A difficult task in applying any model is determining what aspects of public policy must be included. C. Be Congruent with Reality While models are only concepts, they must have a relationship with reality. D. Provide Meaningful Communication A model is only meaningful if it is based on ideas for which some consensus exists. E. Direct Inquiry and Research Any model must be testable and capable of being validated. Suggest Explanations Models must go beyond the description of public policy to explication Using at least 400 words, write a paper describing (1) Do all policy models share certain limitations? (2) What are these limitations? (list limitations for at least 3 models we discussed from chapters 1-6) .

Models are only useful if they help us identify key aspects of p.docx

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Understanding Public Policy 14th Edition Dye Test Bank

zafyluf

The process approach

Shahzad Ahmed

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amrit47

Public Policy Analysis (PPA) Presentation BY Dr. Henry Akwo Elonge 1 PPA Introduction to Public Policy Analysis What is Public Policy: Public policy is concerned with what governments choose to do, why they do it and what difference it makes in society. Public policies may regulate, distribute and even extract resources from members of the society Policy Analysis attempts to describe, analyze and explain public policy. It is the description and explanation of the causes and consequences of governmental activities 2 PPA Specifically, Policy Analysis involves: A primary concern with explanation rather than prescription A rigorous search for the causes and consequences of public policies An effort to develop and test general propositions about the causes of public policies and to accumulate reliable research findings 3 PPA Limitations of Policy Analysis: The limits of government power. What governments can/cannot do Public dis-agreements over the nature of problems in society Subjectivity in analysis and interpretation Limitations on research design and methodologies Complexity of human problems/ Human diversity “Today’s solutions constitute tomorrow’s problems” 4 PPA Expert Definitions of Public Policy: David Easton( The Political System – 1953) defines public policy as” the authoritative allocation of values for the whole of society>” Harold Lasswell and Abraham Kaplan (Power and Society – 1970) define public policy as a projected program of goals, values and practices Carl J. Friedrich ( Man and His Government – 1963) stresses that the policy concept should have a goal, an objective and a purpose. Charles Jones ( Introduction to the Study of Public Policy – 1977) breaks down the notion of public policy into various components and parts and measurable impacts 5 PPA According to Weimer and Vining, policy analysis is client-oriented advice relevant to public decisions and informed by social values. Michael Kraft and Scott Furlong indicate that analysis means deconstructing an object of study, that is breaking it down into its basic elements to understand it better. It is the examination of components of public policy, the policy process or both. 6 PPA Utility of models in Policy Analysis Models are simplified representations of reality or some aspect of the real world; It may be an actual physical representation or a diagram or road map Models Simplify and clarify our thinking about politics and public policy Identify important aspects of policy problems Help us communicate with each other by focusing on essential features of political life; Direct our efforts to understand public policy better Suggest explanations for public policy and predict its consequences 7 PPA Models are mainly abstractions of the real life. Are they Useful in policy analysis? Can models order and Simplify reality. Yes they can. But too much simplification may also lead to a false sense of the reality. Models are only ...

2- Healthcare politics in nursing.pptx

ssuserece1a1

This document outlines key concepts related to health care politics and nursing. It begins with definitions of health care politics and political analysis. It then discusses the importance of politics for nursing and provides a brief history of how nursing became a profession and organized. The document covers political strategies, policy definitions and classifications, and important qualities of political leaders. It aims to help students understand the role of politics in nursing and how to apply these concepts.

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intel-writers.com

Leadership in public management Leadership in public management refers to the application of effective leadership principles and practices in the context of the public sector. It involves leading and managing public organizations, agencies, and institutions to achieve their goals and serve the public interest. Leadership in public management plays a critical role in guiding public servants, shaping policies, and delivering public services efficiently and effectively. Key aspects of leadership in public management include: Vision and Direction: Effective leaders in public management articulate a compelling vision and provide a clear direction for their organizations. They establish strategic goals and priorities that align with the needs and aspirations of the public. Ethical and Values-based Leadership: Public leaders are expected to adhere to high ethical standards and demonstrate values-based leadership. They prioritize transparency, integrity, accountability, and the ethical use of public resources. Decision-making and Problem-solving: Leaders in public management must make informed decisions and solve complex problems. They analyze data, consider diverse perspectives, and balance competing interests to arrive at well-informed and evidence-based decisions. Collaboration and Stakeholder Engagement: Public leaders recognize the importance of collaboration and engagement with stakeholders. They build relationships, foster partnerships, and involve various stakeholders, such as citizens, community groups, and other governmental entities, to develop policies and deliver services that meet the needs of the public.

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Social work and politics are interrelated because enacting broad social change often requires effecting policy changes through government halls. Many key social policies resulted from long political journeys. While social work and politics seem different, social work values can inform the political process in beneficial ways. Social workers can play a role in policymaking by reflecting on how contemporary welfare policies align with social work ethics and values and pursuing related social and political changes.

This document discusses strategies for effectively executing public policy through strategic management and benchmarking. It defines key concepts in public policy including agenda setting, formulation, implementation, and evaluation. Strategic management in the public sector faces challenges in maintaining long-term consistency and accountability. Benchmarking systematically compares processes to best practices. The National Economic and Development Authority plays a role in Philippine development planning, coordination, and project evaluation to strategically achieve national goals.

Executing public policy with strategic management and benchmarking

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This document discusses strategies for effectively executing public policy through strategic management and benchmarking. It defines key concepts like public policy, the policymaking process, and benchmarking. The main points are: 1) Strategic management in the public sector faces challenges of maintaining long-term policy consistency and accountability across changes. 2) Benchmarking systematically compares processes to competitors or best practices to improve performance. 3) The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) plays a key role in Philippine development planning, policy coordination, and project evaluation to strategically achieve national goals.

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This document discusses public policy, including its definition, characteristics, formulation process, and analysis. It defines public policy as a course of action adopted by governments in pursuit of goals and objectives. Public policy comprises domains requiring government intervention or common action. The key steps in policy formulation are identifying needs, defining problems, collecting information, formulating alternatives, evaluating alternatives, selecting a policy, testing it, and incorporating it into manuals. Factors influencing policy include organizational and external considerations. The levels of policy process include agenda setting, formulation, adoption, implementation, and assessment.

Computational Modelling of Public PolicyReflections on Prac.docx

mccormicknadine86

Computational Modelling of Public Policy: Reflections on Practice Nigel Gilbert1, Petra Ahrweiler2, Pete Barbrook-Johnson1, Kavin Preethi Narasimhan1, Helen Wilkinson3 1Department of Sociology, University of Surrey Guildford, GU2 7XH United Kingdom 2Institute of Sociology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 20, 55128 Mainz, Germany 3Risk Solution s, Dallam Court, Dallam Lane, Warrington, Cheshire, WA2 7LT, United Kingdom Correspondence should be addressed to [email protected] Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 21(1) 14, 2018 Doi: 10.18564/jasss.3669 Url: http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/21/1/14.html Received: 11-01-2018 Accepted: 11-01-2018 Published: 31-01-2018 Abstract: Computational models are increasingly being used to assist in developing, implementing and evaluating public policy. This paper reports on the experience of the authors in designing and using computational models of public policy (‘policy models’, for short). The paper considers the role of computational models in policy making, and some of the challenges that need to be overcome if policy models are to make an e�ective contribution. It suggests that policy models can have an important place in the policy process because they could allow policy makers to experiment in a virtual world, and have many advantages compared with randomised control trials and policy pilots. The paper then summarises some general lessons that can be ex- tracted from the authors’ experiencewith policymodelling. These general lessons include the observation that o�en themain benefit of designing andusing amodel is that it provides anunderstanding of the policy domain, rather than the numbers it generates; that care needs to be taken that models are designed at an appropriate level of abstraction; that although appropriate data for calibration and validation may sometimes be in short supply, modelling is o�en still valuable; that modelling collaboratively and involving a range of stakeholders from the outset increases the likelihood that the model will be used and will be fit for purpose; that attention needs to be paid to e�ective communication betweenmodellers and stakeholders; and thatmodelling for public policy involves ethical issues that need careful consideration. The paper concludes that policy modelling will continue to grow in importance as a component of public policy making processes, but if its potential is to be fully realised, there will need to be amelding of the cultures of computationalmodelling and policymaking. Keywords: Policy Modelling, Policy Evaluation, Policy Appraisal, Modelling Guidelines, Collaboration, Ethics Introduction 1.1 Computationalmodels have been used to assist in developing, implementing and evaluating public policies for at least three decades, but their potential remains to be fully exploited (Johnston & Desouza 2015; Anzola et al. 2017; Barbrook-Johnson et al. 2017). In this paper, using a selection of examples of ...

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PR Theory: Part I by SJB

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Again, based on the literature review, what is the operational def.docx

nettletondevon

Again, based on the literature review, what is the operational definition of the course objective? Based on assignment 1, you should have identified a characteristic for the competency and a characteristic for the course objective. The characteristic becomes the operational definition. You use the literature review to show how the operational definition is a valid measure the competency and course objective. Once you have the two characteristics, you need to explain, using the literature, how they are related. Your literature review needs to be based on academic sources and not internet sources published by government agencies. The competency is “To lead and manage in public governance.” The MPA program defines the competency this way. “Public Leadership is the ability to articulate goals consistent with laws and public policies and influence others to achieve those goals in a moral and ethical manner. Public Management is the mobilization of organizational resources to accomplish the goals by balancing competing values including effectiveness and efficiency in an ethical and legal manner.” You have identified program evaluation, strategic management, and cost benefit analysis in the literature review. What is the actual operational definition of the competency? You need to show me how you go from the competency to the characteristic via the literature review. 1 Running Head:WEEK 3 ASSIGNMENT General Comment: Keep in mind the stakeholder for whom the evaluation is being performed. The stakeholder asked you to evaluate an administrative policy, process, or procedure. Your starting point is the competency and course objective. Yet, the stakeholder knows nothing about the UIU MPA program, its competencies, or its objectives. You need to figure out how you will communicate the information without referencing your MPA program. To Communicate and Interact Productively with a Diverse and Changing Workforce and Citizenry This is not the correct competency. You can use “to lead and manage” or “To participate in and contribute to the public policy process.” I. Competency It is important to develop the ability to tailor non-verbal communication skills that allow effective and efficient communication in a diverse population (Schwartz, 2009). A diverse population might include poor people, geographically isolated people, culturally isolated people, or homeless people. When people speak of the needs of a diverse population, many times a large segment of the population is neglected. Schwartz (2009) also, indicated that “approximately 65 million Americans live in rural areas, and these populations face challenges such the lack of adequate funding for social services.” The ability to tailor non-verbal communication to a diverse audience is a competency where flexibility and adaptability are important because they pertain to meeting the various needs of a diverse population. Developing a non-verbal communication strategy .

PRO285 Public Relations in SocietySocial media Topic 9.docx

sleeperharwell

PRO285 Public Relations in Society Social media Topic 9 Lecture objectives • To introduce social media and its impact on public relations • To suggest that communication takes place in a dynamic environment that poses new challenges for professional communicators • To identify some of these challenges for communicating in an online environment • To consider the implications for the ways we conceptualise public relations and its role in society Introduction • “‘Social media’ is the term commonly given to Internet and mobile-based channels and tools that allow users to interact with each other and share opinions and content. As the name implies, social media involves the building of communities or networks, encouraging participation and engagement.” (CIPR 2011 p. 4) Challenges of the online environment • Challenges of the online environment Conversations in the public domain Publics become active rather than passive Direct rather than mediated information flows • Strategic media management Publicity model vs relationship model Digital media and channels Website metrics and digital media KPIs Understanding social media and public relations – industry attitudes • Public relations practitioners were slow to embrace new media and social media • Barriers include staff, time, budget, along with a lack of training and a fear of technology • Practitioners trial social media for personal use before adopting it in professional practice • Practitioners increasingly use some form of social media as part of public relations activity Understanding social media and public relations – theoretical approaches • Is social media really an opportunity for public relations to ‘reinvent’ itself with a renewed focus on dialogue and engagement? Or has nothing really changed? • With social media, public relations is a distributed function performed by many people in an organisation (Kelleher, 2009). • There is a tension between organisational or corporate voices and personal voices via social media. Publics and social media • 78% of Australians use the internet, a figure comparable with Singapore, Japan and the UK (Fitch, 2012). • However, internet access varies depending on age, income, education and geographical location. • Social media allows geographically dispersed publics to organise around a common issues. Challenges for organisations • The 24/7 commitment to social media erodes professional and personal boundaries. • Traditional approval processes are inappropriate for social media, particularly in dynamic situations. • Organisations should develop clear policies and procedures around social media use (Macnamara, 2011). • Much communication takes place online and therefore creates new challenges for practitioners. Legal and ethical issues • Social media challenges traditional notions of copyright and ownership, exposing legislative grey areas (Breit, 2007). • Int.

Khemani: Political norms

OECD, Economics Department

This document discusses political norms and their importance for reforms. It begins by explaining what political norms are, using examples from principal-agent models of how beliefs and expectations shape political interactions. It then discusses insights from standard and strategic principal-agent models regarding incentives, selection of leaders, and the roles of non-cooperation, beliefs, and legitimacy. The document analyzes examples from India on electricity subsidies and measures of integrity and public service motivation among local leaders. It concludes by emphasizing the need for deep reforms, the challenges of reforming political institutions globally, and the opportunities for policy experiments and evaluation to strengthen trust in government.

new public adminstration

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This document discusses New Public Administration. It provides background information on key figures like Dwight Waldo and summarizes some of the major areas, themes, and features of New Public Administration. Specifically, it notes that New Public Administration is an anti-positivist reaction to traditional public administration that focuses on how institutions can provide services to citizens as part of the public interest through public policy. It also lists some of the major areas, themes, and features of New Public Administration such as its emphasis on responsiveness, client-centricity, and bringing together managerial and political values.

Methods of PolicyCommunicationPA R TIIIPolicy .docx

ARIV4

Methods of Policy Communication PA R T III Policy Analysis Materials Development Knowledge Utilization Interactive Communication KNOWLEDGE PRESENTATIONS DOCUMENTSSTAKEHOLDERS POLICY ANALYST IS B N 1 -2 5 6 -9 7 7 0 8 -X Public Policy Analysis, Fifth Edition, by William N. Dunn. Published by Pearson. Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. 338 8 CHAPTER By studying this chapter, you should be able to Developing Policy Arguments � Describe the structure of a policy argument. � Compare and contrast four types of policy claims. � Describe relations among different elements of an argument. � Explain how objections and rebuttals affect the strength of an argument. � Demonstrate how qualifiers change in response to objections and rebuttals. � Distinguish and illustrate different modes of policy argumentation. � Explain why formal and informal fallacies diminish the strength of claims. � Use argument mapping techniques to represent cases of foreign policy argumentation. W hat policy makers understand and analysts often forget is that policy argumentation is central to policy making.1 Policy arguments are among the major vehicles for communicating policy-relevant information and an important source of knowledge about the ways policies are made and put into effect. Because policy arguments are carriers of policy-relevant information, they are also important for understanding the use and misuse of policy analysis by policy makers. 1One of the landmark books on policy argumentation was Giandomenico Majone, Evidence, Argument, and Persuasion in the Policy Process (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992). O B J E C T I V E S IS B N 1 -2 5 6 -9 7 7 0 8 -X Public Policy Analysis, Fifth Edition, by William N. Dunn. Published by Pearson. Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. The Structure of Policy Arguments 339 The ability to organize, structure, and evaluate a policy argument is central to critical analytical thinking. In contexts of practice, argumentation is not limited to the kinds of reasoning employed in formal logic or in the social sciences, for example, reasoning based on quantitative models designed to explain political behavior or on formal mathematical models of rational choice used in economics. Many other modes of argumentation—from ethical and political reasoning to reasoning by analogy and metaphor—coexist and compete for the attention of policy makers. Competent analysts should be able to compare and contrast different modes of reasoning and express technical arguments in a language that is comprehensible to policy makers. THE STRUCTURE OF POLICY ARGUMENTS A policy argument is the product of argumentation, which is the process. In real-life policy settings, arguments are complex and prone to misunderstanding. For this reason, conceptual models or maps are useful in identifying and relating the elements of policy arguments. One such model is the structural model of argument orig ...

Portfolio-Writing Sample-Samantha Walls

Samantha Walls

This document discusses ethics in strategic and tactical public relations management and how it affects the United States. It begins by defining public relations and explaining that strategic management uses a dialogical approach in studies, while tactical management uses a monological approach. It then analyzes case studies and the positive and negative aspects of both methods. The document discusses how Johnson & Johnson's strategic planning helped it recover from a Tylenol crisis. It concludes that strategic management is more ethical as it allows for more diverse groups to be represented in media studies. However, it can be improved by incorporating more social network analysis. Overall, the document argues strategic public relations management has a more positive impact on society than tactical management.

ComputationalModellingofPublicPolicyReflectionsonPractice.docx

patricke8

ComputationalModellingofPublicPolicy: ReflectionsonPractice Nigel Gilbert1, Petra Ahrweiler2, Pete Barbrook-Johnson1, Kavin PreethiNarasimhan1,HelenWilkinson3 1Department of Sociology, University of Surrey Guildford, GU2 7XH United Kingdom 2InstituteofSociology,JohannesGutenbergUniversityMainz,Jakob-Welder-Weg20,55128Mainz,Germany 3Risk Solution s, Dallam Court, Dallam Lane, Warrington, Cheshire, WA2 7LT, United Kingdom Correspondence should be addressed to [email protected] Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 21(1) 14, 2018 Doi: 10.18564/jasss.3669 Url: http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/21/1/14.html Received: 11-01-2018 Accepted: 11-01-2018 Published: 31-01-2018 Abstract: Computationalmodelsare increasinglybeingusedtoassist indeveloping, implementingandevalu- ating public policy. This paper reports on the experience of the authors in designing and using computational models of public policy (‘policy models’, for short). The paper considers the role of computational models in policy making, and some of the challenges that need to be overcome if policy models are to make an e�ective contribution. It suggests that policy models can have an important place in the policy process because they could allow policy makers to experiment in a virtual world, and have many advantages compared with randomised control trials and policy pilots. The paper then summarises some general lessons that can be ex- tractedfromtheauthors’experiencewithpolicymodelling. Thesegeneral lessonsincludetheobservationthat o�enthemainbenefitofdesigningandusingamodelisthatitprovidesanunderstandingofthepolicydomain, rather than the numbers it generates; that care needs to be taken that models are designed at an appropriate level of abstraction; that although appropriate data for calibration and validation may sometimes be in short supply, modelling is o�en still valuable; that modelling collaboratively and involving a range of stakeholders from the outset increases the likelihood that the model will be used and will be fit for purpose; that attention needstobepaidtoe�ectivecommunicationbetweenmodellersandstakeholders;andthatmodellingforpub- lic policy involves ethical issues that need careful consideration. The paper concludes that policy modelling will continue to grow in importance as a component of public policy making processes, but if its potential is to befullyrealised, therewillneedtobeameldingoftheculturesofcomputationalmodellingandpolicymaking. Keywords: Policy Modelling, Policy Evaluation, Policy Appraisal, Modelling Guidelines, Collaboration, Ethics Introduction 1.1 Computationalmodelshavebeenusedtoassist indeveloping, implementingandevaluatingpublicpoliciesfor at least threedecades,but theirpotential remainstobefullyexploited(Johnston&Desouza2015;Anzolaetal. 2017;Barbrook-Johnsonetal.2017). Inthispaper,usingaselectionofexamplesofcomputationalmodelsused in public policy processes, we (i) consider the roles of models in policy making, (ii) explore .

ComputationalModellingofPublicPolicyReflectionsonPractice.docx

mccormicknadine86

This document discusses computational models of public policy and lessons learned from using such models. It argues that policy models can play an important role in policy design, appraisal, and evaluation by allowing policymakers to experiment with different options and assumptions in a virtual environment. However, it notes that effectively incorporating models into the policy process can be difficult due to factors like the need for transparency, changing environments and uncertainty. The document concludes by recommending that policy modeling engage stakeholders iteratively and be conducted with a concern for fitness for purpose and the context in which models will be used.

The Formulation Of Public Policy

Amy Williams

Here are a few key considerations when making public policy decisions: - Gather information from a wide range of credible sources to get the fullest possible picture of an issue. However, recognize that information will never be perfect. - Carefully evaluate costs and benefits of policy options to allocate limited resources in a way that maximizes positive outcomes. Prioritize helping the most vulnerable groups. - Anticipate unintended consequences and try to mitigate potential downsides. Policy impacts are complex so consider second-and third-order effects. - Engage stakeholders and listen to diverse perspectives, especially those most affected. However, public opinion is not always well-informed so do not be swayed by vocal minorities.

The 4 Key Issues about Communication.pptx

BinyamBekeleMoges

The document discusses 10 myths and misconceptions about development communication. It addresses misunderstandings that can lead to ineffective use of communication concepts and practices. Specifically, it notes that (1) communications and communication are not the same, (2) there is a difference between everyday and professional communication, and (3) development communication is different from other types of communication both theoretically and practically. It emphasizes that communication specialists need in-depth knowledge of theory and practice to be effective in their work.

How Social Media Marketing Companies Shape Political Narratives

Michael Thomas

RUDOLPH KWANUE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DEPARTMENT: MASS COMMUNICATION

PROF. PAUL ALLIEU KAMARA

Our purpose in this volume is to introduce you to the concepts of strategic public relations. Our basic assumption is that you have some general knowledge of management and business terminology; we will help you to apply that to the discipline of public relations. Our text is based in current research and scholarly knowledge of the public relations discipline as well as years of experience in professional public relations practice. Whether you are reading this book to teach a new field, simply to update your knowledge, or as part of an educational program or course, we value every moment that you spend with it. Therefore, we have eliminated much of the academic jargon found in other books and used a straightforward writing style. We tried to make the chapters short enough to be manageable, but packed with information, without an overreliance on complicated examples or charts and diagrams. We hope that our no-nonsense approach will speed your study. We use a few original public relations case studies that we have written for you so that you can see the concepts we discuss illustrated and applied. This book is divided into three large parts:

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