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MODAL VERBS OF
SPECULATION
INTERMEDIATE 2 B
EOI COLLADO VILLALBA
SPECULATING, DEDUCING
In English, we use modal verbs

to speculate or deduce
information we are not really
sure it is true.
Modal verbs to speculate are:
must, may, might, could, can’t.
They show different degrees of certainty
Depending on how sure we are about the information, we’ll
use different verbs:
 Almost 100% sure it is possible: MUST

She must be married. She’s wearing a ring.
 Almost 100% it is impossible: CAN’T (not mustn’t!)

They can’t be playing well. They’re losing 0-3!
 Not really sure it is true (50%-70%): MAY, MIGHT, COULD

She may like the scarf, it’s beautiful.
If we are talking about things that were (or not) be
possible in the past, we use:
MODAL VERB + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE (main
verb)
 She must have seen us. We were standing in front of

her (100 % possible)
 I can’t have left my mobile at home. I called my mum
10 minutes ago. (100% impossible)
 She may / might/ could not heard the message. I’ll call
her again.
What may have happened?

He must have…
He may have…

He might have…
He could have…

He can’t have…

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Modal verbs of speculation Intermediate2 B EOI Collado Villalba

  • 1. MODAL VERBS OF SPECULATION INTERMEDIATE 2 B EOI COLLADO VILLALBA
  • 2. SPECULATING, DEDUCING In English, we use modal verbs to speculate or deduce information we are not really sure it is true. Modal verbs to speculate are: must, may, might, could, can’t.
  • 3. They show different degrees of certainty Depending on how sure we are about the information, we’ll use different verbs:  Almost 100% sure it is possible: MUST She must be married. She’s wearing a ring.  Almost 100% it is impossible: CAN’T (not mustn’t!) They can’t be playing well. They’re losing 0-3!  Not really sure it is true (50%-70%): MAY, MIGHT, COULD She may like the scarf, it’s beautiful.
  • 4. If we are talking about things that were (or not) be possible in the past, we use: MODAL VERB + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE (main verb)  She must have seen us. We were standing in front of her (100 % possible)  I can’t have left my mobile at home. I called my mum 10 minutes ago. (100% impossible)  She may / might/ could not heard the message. I’ll call her again.
  • 5. What may have happened? He must have… He may have… He might have… He could have… He can’t have…