This document discusses different energy sources and power generation technologies. It introduces conventional and non-conventional (renewable) energy sources. It then provides details on various renewable energy technologies like hydropower, solar power, wind power, and nuclear power. For each technology, it explains the basic working principles and major components. The key renewable energy sources covered are hydropower, solar power systems, wind energy conversion systems, and nuclear power plants.

1. 22ESC 142
Introduction to Electrical
Engineering

2. MODULE-1

3. Sources of Energy and classification of
the sources of energy

5. Conventional Energy
sources
Non-Conventional Energy
sources
1.These sources of energy are also known
as a Non-Renewable source of energy.
1. These sources of energy are also known
as a Renewable source of energy.
2. They find both commercial and
industrial purposes.
2. They are mainly used for household
purposes.
3. These can be considered to be one of
the reasons for the cause of pollution.
3. These are not responsible for the cause
of pollution.
4. Examples: Coal, fossil fuels are two 4.Examples: Wind, solar energy and
Biomass
Advantage :The efficiency and the
production expenses of the conventional
energy sources are low
Advantage :Non-conventional sources of
energy are environmentally friendly,
inexhaustible and easy to operate.
Dis-advantage:Conventional energy
sources are not environmentally friendly
and it can deplete soon.
Importance: Non-conventional sources of
energy are considered to be important as
they are renewable, pollution-free,
availability of them is in abundance, and
they are environmentally friendly.

6. Hydropower to Electric Power

7. Hydro Electric Power Plant

8. FOREBAY
SURGE TANK

9. Inside a Hydro power plant

10. Concept of Green Energy
• Green energy comes from natural sources such as
sunlight, wind, rain, tides, plants, algae and
geothermal heat. These energy resources are
renewable, that is, they're naturally replenished.
• Green energy can replace fossil fuels in all major
areas of use including electricity, water and space
heating and fuel for motor vehicles.
• Some common types of green energy sources:
Solar Power - Photovoltaic or concentrated solar
power systems. Wind Power, Hydropower,
Geothermal Energy Biomass, Biofuels, etc..

11. Solar Power Systems

12. What is Solar Power
Systems?
Solar Power systems are nothing but a
system comprising of solar panels and
the other mechanism according to the
various uses of the system for different
purposes. It mainly uses solar energy as
the main power source for its operation.

13. Block Diagram of a Solar Power Plant
The largest non-conventional source of energy is solar energy.

14. Components of Solar
Power Systems
The basic components of a
solar power system
includes:
1. PV Module
2. Inverter
3. Main Fuse Box
4. Utility Meter
5. Grid

15. • PV Modules
A PV module is nothing but a panel consisting of
large number of solar cells that stores the solar
energy and convert it into electricity for further
usage.
• Inverter
An inverter is a small set-up that has simple working
principle of converting Direct current(D.C.) to
Alternating current(A.C.).
• Main Fuse Box:
It is a distribution box that supplies the power to
different appliances according to the requirement
of individual appliances.

16. • Utility Meter:
A utility meter is defined according to its usage.
The utility is in the form of electricity, Gas,
Water, Heat etc..
• Grid:
The Grid is a connection of Photovoltaic or PV
modules used to generate more and more
electricity using solar energy. It consists of a
large number of inverters according to the
number of panels connected in the grid.

17. • Wind is a form of solar energy.
• Winds are caused by the uneven heating of the
atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the
earth's surface, and rotation of the earth. Wind
flow patterns are modified by the earth's terrain,
bodies of water, and vegetation .
• Wind is formed when hot surface heat the air
making it to rise. The cooler air moves into empty
space creating wind.
Wind Power Plant

18. Wind Power Plant

19. Basic Components of Wind Energy
Conversion System (WECS)
• Wind turbines work on a
simple principle: instead
of using electricity to
make wind—like a fan—
wind turbines use wind to
make electricity. Wind
turns the propeller-like
blades of a turbine
around a rotor, which
spins a generator, which
creates electricity.

20. • How a wind turbine works:
• Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into
mechanical power. A generator converts the mechanical
power into electricity
• Basic parts:
• Blades (B) and
• Rotor (A) which rotate when the wind blows
• Shaft (C)
• Gearbox (D) to adjust for the speed of the wind
• Generator (G), which generates the electricity .
• The dynamo works by rotating a permanent magnet inside
a coil of copper wire. The magnet causes the electrons
inside the wire move in a particular direction. At the end of
the coil are wires which carry electrons to provide electrical
energy

21. Basic Components of Wind Energy
Conversion System (WECS)
• Here,
• 1) Wind Turbine: Converts wind energy into rotational (mechanical)
energy
• 2) Gear system and coupling: It steps up the speed and transmits it
to the generator rotor
• 3) Generator: Converts rotational energy into electrical energy.
• 4) Controller: Senses wind direction, wind speed, generator output
and temperature and initiates appropriate control signals to take
control action.
• 5)Tower:Four types of supporting tower can be considered for use:
a) The pole tower
b) The reinforced concrete tower
c) The truss tower and

22. Nuclear Power Plant

23. Nuclear Power Plant
• The working principle of nuclear power
plant depends upon mainly four components.
• 1. Nuclear Reactor
• 2. Heat Exchanger
• 3. Steam Turbine
• 4. Alternator

24. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF NUCLEAR
REACTOR: