Think of your smartphone as a vault, keeping your secrets, finances, and your digital life, all within the confines of the app. A simple vulnerability within the app can allow hackers to dance right into your life. Mobile apps are being attacked with threats that are as frequent as the taps, taps, swipes, and updates, making the security of mobile apps a game of high stakes that you cannot lose. The difficulty is that threats develop at an average speed much faster than you can say “app update,” not to mention the complexity of a mobile ecosystem that rarely makes security easy. Speed to deploy features often times means that security can take a backseat, and users want the app to work without concerns of privacy or security. In this blog, we’ll take a practical look at why mobile application security testing matters more than ever, walking you through every phase, from identifying attack vectors like insecure storage, communication flaws, and code tampering. We will address the types of the most common attacks, who should be testing, and the critical steps to making security a critical pillar of trust and adoption in your app. There is no question, if you are building, testing or managing mobile apps, you have a role in understanding these threats and testing for them. Hopefully you will be able to recognize, and test for, problems specific to mobile, be aware of platform specific issues like rooting or jail breaking, understand how to turn on hardware-backed security, and are aware of best practice in reporting and remediation. Once you finish this guide, you will be in a much better position to protect users data, understand and follow industry best practices, and have security checkpoints at every step in your development life cycle turning mobile security from an afterthought into a feature. Let’s get started!

1. Think ofyour smartphone as a vault, keeping your secrets, finances,
and your digital life, all within the confines ofthe app. A simple
vulnerabilitywithin the app can allow hackers to dance right into your
life. Mobile apps are being attacked with threats that are as frequent
as the taps, taps, swipes, and updates, making the security of mobile
apps a game of high stakes that you cannot lose. The difficulty is that
threats develop at an average speed much fasterthan you can say
“app update,” not to mention the complexity of a mobile ecosystem
that rarely makes security easy. Speed to deployfeatures often times
means that security can take a backseat, and users want the app to
work without concerns of privacy or security.
In this blog, we’ll take a practical look at why mobile application
securitytesting matters more than ever, walking you through every
MobileAppSecurityTestingExplained:
Tools,Techniques,andReal-WorldInsights

2. phase, from identifying attack vectors like insecure storage,
communication flaws, and code tampering. We will address the types
ofthe most common attacks, who should be testing, and the critical
steps to making security a critical pillar oftrust and adoption in your
app. There is no question, ifyou are building, testing or managing
mobile apps, you have a role in understanding these threats and
testing forthem. Hopefullyyou will be able to recognize, and test for,
problems specific to mobile, be aware of platform specific issues like
rooting or jail breaking, understand howto turn on hardware-backed
security, and are aware of best practice in reporting and remediation.
Once you finish this guide, you will be in a much better position to
protect users data, understand and follow industry best practices,
and have security checkpoints at every step in your development life
cycle turning mobile securityfrom an afterthought into a feature.
Let’s get started!
Table OfContent
Introduction to Mobile App Security
Why Mobile Application SecurityTesting Matters ?
Common Mobile Attack Types
Insecure Data Storage
Insecure Communication
Reverse Engineering and Code Tampering
Insecure Authentication
Side-Channel Attacks
Who Conducts Mobile Application SecurityTesting?
Internal Mobile SecurityTeams
QA Engineers with Mobile Security Expertise
Ethical Hackers and Mobile Penetration Testers
Third-Party Mobile Security Firms
Bug Bounty Programs for Mobile Apps

3. Automated SecurityTools Managed by DevSecOps
Teams
How Mobile App SecurityTesting Is Performed?
Step-by-Step Process
SecurityTesting Types for Mobile App
Manual Testing
Mobile Business Logic Testing
Authentication and Authorization Testing
Mobile Penetration Testing
Configuration and Permissions Testing
Automated Testing
Mobile Security Scanners (MobSF, Drozer aka your
digital bloodhounds)
Static Application SecurityTesting (SAST) for Mobile
Dynamic Application SecurityTesting (DAST) for
Mobile
Interactive Application SecurityTesting (IAST) for
Mobile
Software Composition Analysis (SCA) for Mobile
Dependencies
Secret Scanning in Mobile Apps
Fuzz Testing for Mobile Apps
Testing Approaches
Black Box Testing for Mobile
White Box Testing for Mobile
Grey Box Testing for Mobile
Common Mobile Application Vulnerabilities
Insecure Data Storage
Insecure Communication
Reverse Engineering and Code Tampering
Broken Authentication and Authorization
Security Misconfigurations
Insecure Third-Party Libraries and SDKs
Inadequate Input Validation
Mobile Device and Platform-Specific Security

4. Considerations
Device Fragmentation Challenges
Android’s Open Ecosystem Variability
iOS Version and Hardware Differences
Testing Across Device Models
Platform-Specific API Risks
Android Intents and Permissions
iOS Keychain and App Transport Security
Misuse of Platform Features
Jailbreaking and Rooting Risks
Detecting Jailbroken/Rooted Devices
Security Implications of Modified OS
Mitigating Jailbreak/Root Exploits
Secure Boot and Hardware Security
Leveraging Trusted Execution Environments (TEE)
Hardware-Backed Key Storage
Testing Hardware Security Integration
Biometric Authentication
iOS Biometric Security (Touch ID, Face ID)
Android Biometric Security (Fingerprint, Face Unlock)
Secure Push Notifications
Android Notification Security
iOS Notification Security
Reporting and Remediation: Turning Mobile Security
Findings into Action
Writing Effective Mobile Security Reports
Structure, Clarity, and Impact
Prioritizing Mobile Findings
Communicating to Stakeholders
Risk Rating and CVSS for Mobile
Severity Metrics for Mobile
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Ratings
Mobile-Specific Risk Factors
Collaboration with Mobile Developers

5. Fixing and Validating Mobile Vulnerabilities
Fostering a Mobile Security Culture
Addressing Developer Resistance
Retesting After Fixes
Verifying Vulnerability Resolution
Mobile Regression Testing
Automated vs. Manual Retesting
Monitor & Maintain Mobile Security
Continuous Monitoring for Mobile Apps
Patch Management for Mobile
Mobile SecurityAwareness Training
Best Practices: Incorporating Security into Your Mobile
Applications
Implement Shift-Left Security in Mobile
Use Safe Coding Methods for Mobile
Use Strong Login Security and Access Controls
Keep Mobile APIs and Third-Party Connections Secure
Run Mobile Audits and Keep Everything Updated
Take Steps to Model Mobile Threats
Reduce Common Mobile Security Risks
Encrypt Mobile Data at Rest and in Transit
Test and Monitor Mobile Apps Periodically
Mobile SecurityTesting Standards & Guidelines
OWASP Mobile Top 10
Key Mobile Vulnerabilities and Mitigations
Prioritizing OWASP Mobile Risks
Training Teams on OWASP Mobile
NIST Mobile Security Guidelines
Procedures and Controls forTesting Mobile Security
Mobile Risk Assessment Processes
Planning for Mobile Incident Responses
CWE/SANS Top 25 for Mobile
Critical Mobile Software Errors
Static Analysis for Mobile CWE
Best Practices in Mobile Error Handling

6. PCI-DSS for Mobile Payment Apps
Security Checklist for Mobile Payments
Mobile Vulnerability Management
Mobile Securitywith Third-PartyVendors
ISO 27001 To Manage Mobile Security
Using ISO 27001 Controls To Secure Mobile
Checking Mobile ISMS Compliance
Continuous Changes To Improve Mobile Security
Conclusion
Introduction to MobileApp Security
Smartphones are not just a tool for communication in this
hyperconnected world: they are personal safes, business
workstations and entry points to sensitive data. This centrality has
led smartphones to the center of a global security breach. Attackers
no longer settle on desktop attacks, they run sophisticated espionage
campaigns and even sophisticated malware directed fully against
mobile apps. Mobile attacks take advantage of mobile app unique
vulnerabilities like poorly protected API’s or improperly configured
cloud integrations, which are often undetected until a breach occurs.
The financial and reputational damage associated with breaches is
highly inaccurate. Data shows that the average cost of a data breach
is now $4.8 million, and mobile incidents are a big part ofthat
increase. In an investigation, the scope of damage does not include
the loss of data, decreased productivity, and the loss of usertrust in
the app. Often, it can take years for a companyto repair damage to
brand reputation and trust with customers.
Ifthe threat landscape isn’t daunting enough, it is evolving at a rapid
pace, and with great complexity. Attackers can be very agile, taking
advantage of not just malware, but more obscure ways of attacking
such as multi-factor authentication (MFA) fatigue or social

7. engineering. Users are often the weakest chain in the mobile security
chain despite being the target audience. Users fall victim to phishing,
access unsafe networks, or some never consider upgrading their
software.
On one hand, developers have to release features faster, which may
not allowforthorough security measures. Conversely, developers
contend with more hidden, structural attack surfaces from APIs and
cloud services that may be out ofviewforthose securing and
monitoring access and system and application interfaces. In either
event, security should be engraved, ratherthan bolted on. Security
should be part of all mobile app development efforts, from inception
through implementation. Securitywill become a primary component
related to user acceptance and adoption. Security should also exceed
beyond protection of sensitive data. It should also allow organizations
to effectively address regulatory requirements and build usertrust in
their mobile entity.
WhyMobileApplication Security
Testing Matters ?
Mobile application securitytesting is no longer a “nice to have,” it is a
critical requirement if an organization wants to protect their users,
their reputation, and their business continuity. Most apps handle
personal and financial data, and many apps handle sensitive data.
There is a lot at stake.
We have listed some strong reasons forwhy securitytesting every
mobile app is truly essential:
Securing UserData & Privacy Securitytesting protects
sensitive user data – personal data, payment data or credentials
– from unauthorized access and leaks. Finding vulnerabilities
early allows organizations to limit leaks of sensitive data which

8. could harm users and destroytrust in an organization.
No Damageto Reputation & MoneyLost An incident can be
extremely costly. Companies can incurfinancial losses in the
millions, legal liabilities or even damage their brand for a long
time. Proper securitytesting can only mitigate the risk of such
breaches, and create confidence in your customer base.
Compliancewith Regulations &App Store Guidelines
Regulating data underframeworks like GDPR, HIPAA or PCI DSS,
or undergoing enforcement measures within app stores like
Apple or Google Play, by having securitytesting you can limit the
risk of heftyfines, app removal, app rejection and generally
ensure your app is in good standing.
Lowering Future Maintenance Costs Finding and remediating
vulnerabilities early in the build ofyour software is much cheaper
ifthey are identified before release, just like finding and fixing a
leak in a boat before it sinks. Finding exploitable vulnerabilities in
your software as early as possible is beneficial because it
extends the vulnerabilityfix solution lifespan, eliminates the
need for costly expensive emergencyfixes, and lowers technical
debt. Even if it seems costly now, investing in testing will lead to
significant gains in avoiding maintenance costs down the road.
Making Secure Releasing an EasyRideWithin DevOps
Pipelines By embedding securitytesting into your CI/CD
pipelines, you are evaluating weaknesses each time you have a
release. The more times you can evaluate a security errorthe
faster, easier and consistentlyyou can safely deploy. This is
immensely critical for helping you keep up with the pace of
developing modern applications today.
Creating UserTrust and Brand Loyalty Users will ditch an app
that they don’t trust, and one security incident can deeply harm
your reputation. Regularly assessing your software for security
issues signals to your users that you are valuing their safety and
security as a user, which additionally creates loyalty and puts
your app in place as a reliable candidate with positive
engagement and overall brand integrity in a noisy market. Users

9. generally engaging with and sharing apps that they deem safe
and reliable.
Discovering a RiskEarlybyContinuousTesting Waiting until
you’ve been attacked to uncover exploitable vulnerability is a bet
you cannot afford! Continuouslytesting securitythroughout the
app lifecycle will enable your organization to discover
vulnerabilities you would otherwise not be able to, and then be
exposed by an attacker. This approach helps safeguard your
users, and more importantly, consistentlytesting throughout the
development phase can actually speed up your progress. By
uncovering vulnerabilities earlier, it cuts down on the time
needed for rework.
Okay, absolutely. Making sure your mobile apps are secure is the very
first thing you need to do to protect user information, meet all the
necessary rules and regulations, and make sure your app actually
succeeds. By building security measures right into howyou create
and release your app, you’re not just protecting your business, you’re
also building trust and creating strong connections with the people
who use it.
Common MobileAttackTypes
Mobile applications pose a sometimes appetizing target for
cybercriminals, as they often contain sensitive information (from
personal information to financial credentials). Attackers exploit
vulnerabilities found only in mobile environments which include a
host of inter-related factors including mobility and connectivity, and
a growing number of software ecosystems in play. Developers and
securityteams must know about common attack types to build
applications which will keep users’ information safe from threats like
those that can lead to data breaches, financial impacts, and loss of
trust for existing users.

10. This article identifies and explains the most common mobile attack
types, howthey operate, and gives examples of real-world mobile
attacks.
Insecure Data Storage
HowItWorks
Insecure data storage occurs when sensitive data, such as user
id/password, payment data, or PII remains available on a mobile
device, with no adequate encryption or protection. Insecure data
storage is an attack vectorfor attackers when they have access to
the device physically, using malware or accessing 3rd-party apps
that are vulnerable. An attacker gains access to unprotected data
without encryption or protection, such as databases, plaintext files,
or sandbox areas of an app. A serious concern of insecure data
storage is when devices are shared or stolen, as these attackers have
minimal obstacles to retrieve data from insecure data storage.
Real-World Example
Back in 2018, a widely-used fitness app was found to be storing GPS
coordinates and workout data in unencrypted files on Android
phones. If someone had access to a rooted device, they could have
easily grabbed this unprotected information, allowing them to track
both the user’s location and their exercise routines. The incident
sparked concerns about user privacythat led the app to strongly
encrypt local storage data thereafter. Read more
Insecure Communication
HowItWorks
Insecure communication happens when an application transmits
sensitive data (login credentials orfinancial information) over
unencrypted orweakly encrypted channels. An attacker can capture
this data by performing a man-in-the-middle (MITM) on an unsecured

11. channel, one ofthe most common sources ofweak security because
of easyto attack unsecured Wi-Fi networks. Attackers took advantage
ofthe absence or outdated TLS/ SSL protocols to capture user data
that’s vulnerable to eavesdropping.
Real-World Example 1. Back in 2017, a few big banks like HSBC and
Santander ran into trouble with the waythey configured the security
on their mobile apps. These SSL/TLS mistakes created a vulnerability
known as a MITM attack. Essentially, this meant that anyone on the
same public Wi-Fi network could have potentially stolen login
information. This compromised thousands of accounts, prompting
urgent updates to enforce proper encryption. Read More
Reverse Engineering and Code
Tampering
HowItWorks
Reverse engineering is basicallytaking an app’s code apart, like
unzipping it, to figure out exactly how it functions. Code tampering,
on the other hand, involves actually modifying the app itself, usually
with the goal of getting around security measures, unlocking
premium features forfree, or even sneaking in malicious software.
Decompilation tools such as decompilers are known forweaknesses
in code obfuscation, exploiting the functionality ofAndroid and its
open ecosystem that doesn’t have anytoo restrictive. Both ofthese
techniques have devastating revenue impacts for app developers in
addition to opening the doorfor data theft, unauthorized access, or
distributing malicious versions of an app.
Real-World Example
In 2016, Pokémon GO, a sensitive location-based mobile game, was
reverse engineered and enabled hackers to modify ortamperversions
ofthe app that defeated local location-based play restrictions and
enabled free in-app purchases. These modified applications were

12. served on third-party app stores that generated new revenue loss for
the game and exposed unsuspecting user devices to malware.
Developers ofthe game responded to the level of code without
escalation to 9 days of improved code obfuscation strategies and
integrity checks going forward. Read more
InsecureAuthentication
HowItWorks
Insecure authentication manifests when an application fails to
sufficientlyvalidate user identities from various weaknesses such as
weak session management, predictable session tokens, or insecure
biometrics. Attackers exploit insecure authentication to bypass the
login altogether and take advantage of a compromised user account,
or access sensitive features ofthe application. This is more serious if
the application exposes the userto financial or personal data.
Real-World Example
In 2019, a popular ride-sharing application had insecure session token
management in that it could predictively expose session IDs. An
attackerwas able to hijack user accounts and start unauthorized
rides (along with other account abuse). As a result, the company
completely overhauled its authentication system by implementing
strong token randomization and defining short session expires. Read
More
Side-ChannelAttacks
HowItWorks
Side-channel attacks exploit unintended information leakages due to
the physical, or operational, characteristics of devices, such as power
consumption, touch-screen occurrences, or sensor data (gyroscope,
accelerometer, etc.). Attackers are able to exploit these sources of
information leakage to infer sensitive information (passwords,

13. cryptographic keys, etc.) without even looking at the app code. Mobile
devices are particularly prone to side-channel attacks provided they
are full of sensors and many opportunities to leak information via
sensor data.
Real-World Example
In a 2017 paper, an attacker used accelerometer data as a side-
channel attack against a mobile payment app, reconstructing the
known PIN values using location data from the touchscreen ofthe
mobile device. The attack itself used subtle movements ofthe device
to reconstruct user input. There are significant implications forthe
research, and apps must be do a better job assessing whether
information from sensors is being used or not and ifthere is any
protections against these unconventional types of attacks. Read
More
Who Conducts MobileApplication
SecurityTesting?
Mobile application security is a battlefield, and the armies that
therefore defend your app are diverse. Within the ranks ofthese
armies, the personnel are a variety of skills that can outwit the clever
sleuths or cybercriminals they are battling. From house guards (those
working forthe App) to world hacker collectives, these positions are
the leading roles in a strong defense against the threats that could
destroyyourApp. Here is each ofthe critical players in battle to make
sure that your mobile app can withstand any attempt to attack. Each
will have their own operating advantage (which is unconventional) to
help fend off cybercriminals.
Internal Mobile Application SecurityTeams
QA Engineers with Mobile Application Security Experience
Ethical Hackers and Mobile Application Penetration Testers
Third-Party Mobile Application Security Companies

14. Bug Bounty Programs for Mobile Applications
Automated SecurityTools Managed by DevSecOps Teams
Internal Mobile SecurityTeams
What MakesThem Unique:
They have a really deep understanding of howthe app is built
and what business goals it supports.
Theywork smoothly alongside development teams to fix security
issues as they arise.
They create custom threat models designed specificallyforthe
organization’s mobile environment.
They are committed to fostering a security-first mindset
throughout the entire company overthe long term.
These internal tech heroes are the foundation ofyour app’s security,
completely immersed in your organization’s mobile world. With a deep
grasp ofyour app’s code, underlying systems, and business goals,
they create custom security plans that reallywork. Whetherthey’re
reviewing code or building threat models to predict your app’s specific
dangers, they make sure security is built into every part. Think of
them as the designers of a digital stronghold, collaborating closely
with developers to close up anyweak spots before anyone can take
advantage ofthem, making sure your app is as tough as it is cutting-
edge.
QAEngineerswith Mobile Security
Expertise
What SetsThemApart:
They combine their skills in quality assurance with a deep
understanding of security, allowing them to perform

15. comprehensive testing.
They concentrate on spotting potential weaknesses early on,
right within the development process.
They are adept at using mobile-specific tools, such as MobSF, to
conduct focused security assessments.
They act as a crucial link between app functionality and security,
ensuring that the final product is both user-friendly and safe.
QA engineers who also specialize in security are trulythe hidden
champions of mobile app creation, nailing down potential dangers
way before the app even launches. These versatile pros don’t just look
for crashes or awkward interface issues; they use advanced tools like
MobSFto actively uncoverweaknesses, such as insecure data
storage orflimsy encryption, right from the get-go in the
development process. By catching these problems early on, they save
developers from the headache and expense offixing things later, and
they make sure your app runs smoothlywhile keeping everything safe
and sound. You could saythey’re the app’s guardians, ensuring it’s
fantastic for users but a tough nut to crack for anyone trying to cause
trouble.
Ethical Hackers and Mobile
PenetrationTesters
What SetsThemApart:
They adopt an adversarial perspective, replicating the strategies
of actual attackers.
They possess specialized knowledge in targeting mobile-specific
weaknesses, such as the risks associated with jailbreaking.
They leverage sophisticated tools like Burp Suite and Frida to
conduct thorough penetration tests.
They excel at uncovering hidden vulnerabilities that automated
systems typically overlook.

16. Ethical hackers and mobile penetration testers are like digital
defenders who put on the “bad guy” hat to keep your app secure.
Armed with a toolkit and a hacker’s way ofthinking, they dig deep into
your app’s code, APIs, and how it runs, looking for any chinks in the
armor, like endpoints that aren’t set up correctly orweak spots in how
users log in. By staging realistic attacks, imagine jailbreaking an
iPhone or messing with an Android app file, they uncover problems
that could cause real trouble. The results they provide are incredibly
valuable, giving developers a clear path to strengthen the app’s
defenses and fend offwould-be attackers.
Third-PartyMobile SecurityFirms
What SetsThemApart:
They offer an independent, unbiased viewpoint without being
swayed by internal beliefs.
They bring a wide range of knowledge from securing apps in
many different industries.
They conduct thorough audits that follow standards like the
OWASP Mobile Top 10.
They have access to the latest tools and methods for detailed
testing.
When you need a powerful, objective partner, third-party mobile
securityfirms step up to the plate. These specialized companies bring
a fresh perspective, digging deep into your app with advanced static
and dynamic analysis, penetration testing, and compliance checks.
Because they’ve worked across various industries, they’ve
encountered everything from unusual API weaknesses to cloud setup
errors and they know exactly howto fix them. For apps that handle
sensitive information, their meticulous audits are like a security deep-
dive, uncovering hidden risks and making sure your app meets top-
notch standards.

17. Bug BountyProgramsforMobileApps
What SetsThemApart:
A global network of security researchers providing a wide range
ofviewpoints.
A budget-friendly, pay-for-results model that focuses on
confirmed vulnerabilities.
Ongoing testing that adjusts to new mobile threats.
Specialized knowledge in areas such as Android/iOS-specific
exploits.
Bug bounty programs tap into a worldwide community of ethical
hackers to rigorouslytest your app, flipping the script on
cybercriminals. Platforms like HackerOne and Bugcrowd link you with
talented individuals who search forweaknesses, like insecure
communication or code manipulation, in exchange for rewards. This
crowd-sourced method brings together a variety of skills, revealing
issues that internal teams might overlook. It’s as ifyou have a
worldwide securityteam working around the clock to safeguard your
app, all while keeping expenses tied to outcomes.
Automated SecurityTools Managed by
DevSecOpsTeams
What MakesThem Stand Out:
They offer scalable, high-speed testing that’s seamlesslywoven
into CI/CD pipelines.
They provide continuous monitoring to spot vulnerabilities in
both code and dependencies.
They automate tedious tasks, letting humans tackle the trickier
analysis work.
They send real-time alerts for problems like outdated libraries or

18. misconfigurations.
When DevSecOps teams put automated securitytools to work, they
become the cutting-edge protectors of mobile app security. By
integrating tools like Snyk, Checkmarx, or QARK into development
workflows, they can scan code, check dependencies, and watch how
the app behaves in real-time, all at lightning speed. These tools catch
issues, such as outdated libraries or insecure APIs, before they even
make it to production, ensuring that apps can be released quickly
without compromising safety. Imagine them as tireless guardians,
working nonstop to keep your app secure while giving developers the
freedom to focus on innovation.
HowMobileApp SecurityTesting Is
Performed?
Mobile app securitytesting is a really detailed process designed to
find weaknesses and make sure your app is super secure against
online threats. Every single step, from the initial planning all the way
through fixing any issues, is super important for keeping user data
safe, sticking to the rules, and building trust. We’ve got a breakdown
ofthe specific steps belowto give you a clear plan for locking down
your mobile app.

19. Step-by-Step Process
1. Define Objectives and Scope
The First step is to Clearly describe the objectives ofthis security
testing. it may include looking forvulnerabilities, ensuring
compliance with GDPR or OWASP Mobile Top 10, or checking
specific features such as payment systems. Define the scope of
testing , including the app components (like frontend, backend,
APIs etc.), platforms (like iOS, Android etc.), and environments
(like staging, production etc.) to be included in testing. This step
aligns all stakeholders and establishes expectations among all.
2. CollectApplication Information 60 In this step, identifythe
architecture and data flow ofthe app, as well as its
dependencies. Gather documentation, source code, and third-
party code. Identify sensitive data (username, password,
payment card information) to focus on during testing, as well as
app-critical functionality (authentication method, API calls) to
test.
3. Threat ModeltheApplication In this step, identify potential
threats through the attack surface ofthe application. The attack
surface includes points of entry; these may include an API, user
input, and network connections, and you will need to perform a
risk analysis of potential data theft, unauthorized access, etc.
Create a threat model ofthe application and use this to prioritize
identified vulnerabilities by likelihood and impact so you know
where to focus yourtesting efforts.
4. Setting UpYourTesting Space
Alright, before you go poking around for bugs, you need a little
playground that won’t blow up your real stuff. Seriously, don’t
mess with live data, nobodywants a “whoops, I wiped the
database” moment. Get yourself a separate spot that’s basically
a stunt double foryour actual system. Fire up some emulators or
simulators for iOS and Android, or, ifyou’re feeling fancy, use real
devices. Toss in a bunch ofversions and device types so you’re

20. not just testing on your dusty old phone. Oh, and don’t forget
yourtoolbox: MobSF, Burp Suite, Frida… all that good stuff. Make
sure you actually have the app’s source code or at least the
compiled app so you’re not just guessing.
5. Do Some StaticApp SecurityTesting (SAST)
Alright, time to get your hands dirtywith the code, well ! not
literally, but you get the idea. SAST is all about poking through
your app’s source code orthe binaries (without actually running
the thing) to sniff out dumb mistakes like hardcoded passwords,
sketchyAPIs, or encryption that a toddler could crack. Honestly,
tools like Checkmarx or SonarQube are lifesavers here. Catching
these screw-ups early? Priceless. It’s like finding out you left
yourfly open before the big meeting.
6. Give DynamicApp SecurityTesting (DAST) a Spin
Now, instead of staring at lines of code, you get to see the app in
action, sort of like watching someone drive your carto see ifthe
wheels fall off. Fire up OWASPZAP or something similar, and go
nuts: tryto break it. Look for stuff like weak session
management, bad communication setups, or permissions that
are waytoo generous. Toss in some MITM (man-in-the-middle)
attacks for good measure and see ifthe app starts sweating.
7. Mix It Upwith InteractiveApp SecurityTesting (IAST)
Here’s where it gets spicy. IAST is like having a security guard
inside your app while it’s running, watching everything go down
in real time. Plug in something like Contrast Security, and it’ll flag
things like SQL injection attempts or insecure deserialization
before you even finish your coffee. You get instant feedback, and
it doesn’t crywolf as much as othertools do.
8. Run a Software CompositionAnalysis (SCA)
Ifyou’re using third-party libraries (and let’s be real, who isn’t?),
SCA is non-negotiable. Tools like Snyk or Dependabot dig
through your dependencies and point out which ones are ticking
time bombs. Outdated modules, known vulnerabilities, maybe
even some sketchy stuff snuck in there, SCA’s got your back.

21. Update or swap out the junk before it blows up in yourface.
9. Don’t Forget Secret Scanning
You’d be surprised how many people accidentally push theirAPI
keys or passwords to public repos. Oops. Secret scanning tools
like TruffleHog or GitGuardian are like that nosyfriend who
catches your mistakes before anyone else does. They’ll sniff out
sensitive info hiding in your code or configs so you can yank it
out ortoss it in a vault (think AWS Secrets Manager) where it
actually belongs. Just do it, future you will thank you.
10. Conduct Manual PenetrationTesting
Have some ethical hackers simulating real-world attacks looking
to exploit vulnerabilities related to business logic, insecure
authentication, jailbreaking, etc… They could use tools like Burp
Suite or Frida to manipulate inputs, bypassing/potentially
tampering with controls or code to discover issues that
automated tools may not find.
11. MessWiththe Business Logic andAuthentication
Time to poke at the guts, tryto break stuff like payment flows or
user permissions. Can someone sneak into VIPfeatures they
shouldn’t? Push the login-OAuth, face unlock, whateverto see if
you can smash yourway in or hijack a session. Brute force it, try
weird edge cases, get creative. The usual.
12. Go Platform-Specific, iOS andAndroid Quirks
Every platform’s got its own flavor of screw-ups. On iOS, people
botch Keychain all the time. On Android? Intents get messy, fast.
Check for jailbreak/root hacks, see if secure boot actually does
anything. Fire up Drozer on Android, iOS Security Suite forApple
stuff… just dig forthose “only-on-this-platform” bugs.
13. SmashtheAPIs
APIs love leaking data or letting you in where you don’t belong.
Try broken auth, look for endpoints vomiting too much info,
hammerthem with requests, no rate limits? Yikes. Postman and
Burp Suite are your best buds here. Chuck malformed, messed-
up requests at every endpoint. Ifyou can get past the locks,
something’s busted.

22. 14. Sniffthe Network
Time to eavesdrop. Capture traffic with Wireshark or Charles
Proxy, see ifthey’re sending stuff over plain HTTP (it happens
more than you’d think). Any lame ciphers in use? Unencrypted
data? That’s a big nope. Hunt for secrets flying through the air,
shouldn’t be any, but you never know.
15. LookforSide-ChannelWeirdness
Evertryto steal a PIN bywatching the accelerometer? Yeah, it’s
a thing. Check ifthe app leaks anything it shouldn’t through
sensors or even power draw. Simulate some attacks, run scripts,
see ifyou can get info you’re not supposed to. Ifthe app’s letting
every sensor run wild, that’s a red flag.
16. Write ItAll Down (ForReal)
Don’t just keep this stuff in your head. List every bug, where it
lives, how bad it is, what could go wrong. Use CVSS ifyou wanna
be fancywith risk scores. Drop screenshots, PoCs, and clear
steps on howto fix it. If a dev can’t followyourwriteup, it’s
basically useless.
17. Triage,Then Fix Stuff
Not all bugs are equal. Put the “oh crap” ones at the top. Team up
with devs, patch the nastiest holes, nuke old libraries, whatever
it takes. Give ‘em tips on writing safer code so you’re not doing
this dance again next month.
18. Did ItActuallyGet Fixed? Prove It
Go back, run yourtests again, double-check that everything’s
locked down. Regression test, too, so the “fix” didn’t break
something else. Don’t just trust automationtesting; poke
around manuallyto make sure.
19. Keep an Eye Out,Always
Security’s not a “one and done” thing. Set up monitoring RASP,
SIEM, whateveryourflavor, to catch new bugs as they pop up.
Regular audits, push security checks into CI/CD, just keep the
pressure on. Hackers don’t sleep, so neither can your protection.
20. Teachthe Crew, Make SecurityEveryone’s Problem

23. Run workshops, send folks to OWASPtrainings, whatever gets
the team up to speed. Devs, QA, ops, everybody needs to care.
Make security part ofthe culture, so it’s not just a checklist at
the end, but something people think about all the waythrough.
Otherwise? You’re just playing whack-a-mole forever.
Whyeven botherwith allthese steps? Simple cutting corners here
is just asking fortrouble. You wanna ship an app and sleep at night,
right? This isn’t just about ticking boxes; it’s about making sure you
didn’t miss some glaring hole that hackers will laugh at later. I mean,
you’re not just checking code, you’re poking at everything: APIs,
sensors, the weird stuff underthe hood. Ifyou skip a layer, congrats,
you just handed over user data on a silver platter. And don’t even get
me started on compliance. Bottom line: every step matters. Slack off
and your app’s toast. Stay sharp and people actuallytrust what you
build. That’s the whole game.
SecurityTestingTypesforMobileApp
Think ofyour mobile app as the vault in a high-octane heist film,
where hackers are hiding there like a band of outlaws planning their
big score. Each kind of securitytest, automated, manual, or some
crazy hybrid, is essentially an additional eccentric expert on your
team, each with their own methods for securing the area before the
criminals even approach. We’re not just talking about scanning a code
and moving on. No, the goal ofthese tests is to outsmart the
attackers and make your app the Fort Knox ofthe digital world. Now,
let’s explore the realm of mobile securitytesting and discover how
each approach adds a unique flavorto the work.
ManualTesting
Manual testing? That’s your classic gumshoe detective stuff. You’ve
got real people poking around, sniffing out weirdness that automated

24. tools would totally gloss over. It’s like having someone with a
magnifying glass digging through your app’s dark corners, double-
checking that your logic, permissions, and setups aren’t just wishful
thinking.
Mobile Business LogicTesting
WhyIt Matters:
Think of it like spotting a smooth-talking scammertrying to sweet-
talk your app out offreebies. Testers jump into your app’s main
workflows, stuff like payments, user roles, all the juicy bits, and tryto
pull fast ones. Maybe they’ll see ifthey can skip paying for something,
or get admin powers without earning them. Basically, they’re acting
like sneaky users to make sure your app isn’t handing out the keys to
the kingdom. For mobile, this is massive, ifyou screw up logic here,
you’re just throwing money (and usertrust) out the window.
Example:
Let’s sayyou’ve got an e-commerce app. Testers tryto hack the
checkout so they get a massive discount or stuffforfree. Ifthey pull it
off? That’s a facepalm moment, so devs lock it down, no more
loopholes, money stays where it belongs.
Authentication andAuthorizationTesting
WhyIt Matters:
Imagine someone rattling every lock on a bank vault, making sure
onlythe right folks get in. That’s what this is. Testers tryto break into
login systems, passwords,fingerprint scans, you name it. They’re
out here trying weak passwords, session hijacks, even poking at
OAuth like it owes them money. For mobile, where people share
devices or hop on sketchyWi-Fi, this stuff’s critical. One slip and

25. anyone could stroll in and trash your user’s trust.
Example:
In a banking app, testers go after MFA by intercepting session tokens
over public Wi-Fi (yeah, that’s a thing). Ifthey can snag access, devs
have to up their game, think strongertokens and extra layers of
security.
Mobile PenetrationTesting
WhyIt Matters:
This is basically hiring a professional thiefto break into your app, just
to see ifthey can. These folks use everything from off-the-shelftools
like Burp Suite to wildcards like Frida, trying to bust through your
defenses. They’ll exploit bad APIs, check for jailbreak shenanigans,
basically anything that’ll get them in. For mobile, it’s not just a
checkbox, it’s howyou find out ifyour app can take a punch.
Example:
On a social media app, testers use a sneakyAPI exploit to peek at
private messages. That’s a giant red flag for privacy, so devs throw up
tighterAPI checks, no more snooping allowed.
Configuration and PermissionsTesting
WhyIt Matters:
Ever seen an app asking forwaytoo much? Like, why do you need my
location and my grandma’s birthdayto take notes? Testers look for
stuff like that, they poke around permissions and config settings,
making sure you’re not leaving the doors wide open or running in

26. debug mode by accident. People are already jumpy about privacy, so
this step is all about building trust by only grabbing what you really
need.
Example:
A note-taking app asks for microphone access for…no reason. Testers
catch it, devs drop the permission, and suddenly users aren’t side-
eyeing your app’s privacy settings. Trust: restored.
AutomatedTesting
Automated testing? Oh, it’s the superhero you didn’t knowyour app
needed. Picture a bunch of cyber-bots zipping through your code at
warp speed, ferreting out weak spots before anything goes kaboom.
Like, you get to focus on the fun stuff, and these bots are just out
there, kicking vulnerabilities in the teeth.
Mobile SecurityScanners (MobSF, Drozerakayourdigital
bloodhounds)
WhyIt Matters?
It’s like some kind of digital sniffer dog, but way less slobber. MobSF,
Drozer, these things rip through yourAndroid or iOS app, hunting for
things like sketchy permissions or sloppy data storage. They’ll poke at
your binaries, flip through your configs, and spit out a list of “fix this
before it bites you.” Ifyou’re building a mobile app, honestly, these
scanners are like having a panic button for platform-specific screw-
ups.
Example:
Sayyou’ve got a fitness app. MobSF spots you’re storing workout logs

27. in plain text, just lying around for anythiefwith a phone to grab.
Encrypt that stuff, and suddenly, a stolen device isn’t a goldmine for
creepers.
StaticApplication SecurityTesting (SAST)forMobile
WhyIt Matters?
Think of SAST as X-ray goggles for code. It stares right through your
source files (or even the binaries) and calls you out for dumb
mistakes, like leaving yourAPI keys chilling in plain sight or using
encryption that a toddler could break. Catch this stuff before your
app goes live, or good luck explaining to your boss whythe servers
are on fire.
Example:
Messaging app? SASTfinds yourAPI key hardcoded in there. Oops.
Move it into a vault before some script kiddie finds it and starts poking
your backend.
DynamicApplication SecurityTesting (DAST)forMobile
WhyIt Matters?
DAST is like stress-testing your app with fake attacks. Imagine
shooting missiles at your own fortress just to see what blows up.
OWASP ZAP and friends will run your app, poke at its live features, and
see if it leaks info over insecure channels or botches session
handling. For anything money-related, like mobile banking, this is
non-negotiable.
Example:

28. Your shiny new payment app? DAST catches it sending card details
over HTTP. Bruh. Patch that before someone sniffs transactions at
Starbucks.
InteractiveApplication SecurityTesting (IAST)forMobile
WhyIt Matters?
This is basically James Bond embedded inside your app. IASTtools
like Contrast Security hang out during runtime, flagging sketchy
behaviorfrom the inside, like objects being deserialized in ways that
open the doorfor hackers. It’s real-time, super granular, and doesn’t
slowyour devs to a crawl.
Example:
Game devs: IAST spots cheaters tweaking the score mid-game. Fast
patch, and you don’t have to watch your leaderboard turn into a
circus.
Software CompositionAnalysis (SCA)forMobile
Dependencies
WhyIt Matters?
Ever check the ingredients before eating something weird? SCA does
that foryour app. Snyk and pals scan yourthird-party libs for old bugs
or uglyvulnerabilities. Because, let’s be real, everyone’s using open-
source, and nobodywants their app pwned through some crusty
dependency.
Example:
E-learning app using a libraryfrom 2015? SCAflags it, you update,
and bam, no more easywins for hackers trying to sneak in through

29. the backdoor.
Secret Scanning in MobileApps
WhyIt Matters?
Secret scanners are like treasure hunters, except they’re hunting for
your embarrassing slip-ups, like passwords or keys you accidentally
left in the code. TruffleHog and friends find those skeletons before
someone else does.
Example:
Travel app with an API key just vibing in the code repo? Secret
scanning finds it, you lock it up tight, and nobody’s hijacking your
booking system.
FuzzTestingforMobileApps
WhyIt Matters?
Fuzzing is basically playing dodgeball with your app, just chucking
weird, broken inputs at it to see if anything explodes. AFL and similar
tools go wild on yourAPIs orfile parsers, catching bugs you’d never
think to check for.
Example:
Video streaming app eats some glitchy metadata and faceplants.
Fuzz testing exposes it, you fix the bug, and your users can binge in
peace without random crashes.
TestingApproaches

30. Picking a testing approach foryour app? To be honest, it’s similarto
choosing yourweapon for a zombie apocalypse; it depends on how
you want to live (and look good doing it). Everytechnique has a
distinct flavor, and ifyou want your app to withstand real-world
nonsense, you kind of need to use them all.
Black BoxTestingforMobile
WhyIt Matters?
Picture yourself as a hackerwith no cheat codes, just vibes, poking
around, hoping to trip over something juicy. That’s black box testing.
You don’t get to peek underthe hood; you just mess with inputs, poke
APIs, and spy on network traffic, trying to break stuff. It’s pure chaos
energy, but it works, because it’s exactly how some random attacker
on the internet would tryto break your app.
Example: Let’s sayyou’ve built a food delivery app. Black box testing
stumbles across an API that’s basically screaming user addresses out
loud. Not good. You fix the API, and boom, suddenly nobody’s leaking
dinner locations to creeps.
White BoxTestingforMobile
WhyIt Matters?
Now, flip it. You’ve got the source code, the keys, the whole dang
blueprint. You’re not just poking at the doors, you’re checking for
cracks in the foundation. With white box testing, you (oryourtesters)
dig in deep, running static analysis, manual code reviews, all the
nitty-gritty stuff. It’s OCD-level detail. Miss a hardcoded password?
Not on yourwatch.
Example:

31. Think health app. White box testing finds out all those patient records
are “protected” bythe crypto equivalent of duct tape. That’s a lawsuit
waiting to happen. So you beef up the encryption, and now
everyone’s data is locked down, HIPAA-style.
GreyBoxTestingforMobile
WhyIt Matters?
This one’s in-between, like you’ve got a peek at the map, but you’re
still mostly in the dark. Maybe you have some user credentials, maybe
you scrounged an API doc from a dev. Grey box is about practical
attacks: you know just enough to be dangerous. It’s perfect for
sniffing out stuff like privilege escalation, where one wrong button
gives you admin powers.
Example:
Take a ride-sharing app. Grey box testing uncovers a bug where
drivers can somehow access admin controls. That’s a nightmare.
Patch it up, and you stop drivers from going full “boss mode” on your
system.
Listen…. No single method is the silver bullet. Real talk: ifyou want an
app that doesn’t instantlyfold under pressure, you gotta mix things
up. Manual checks, automation, black/white/grey, all of it. By doing
this, you can outsmart the game and find the strange bugs and
cunning holes before some bored teen with a laptop does. Strong
mobile securitytesting ultimately aims to create an app that users
can genuinelytrust, not just to check boxes. Instead of a cardboard
cutout, you want a fortress. Thus, test frequently and intelligentlyto
ward off zombies (or hackers, forthat matter).

32. Common MobileApplication
Vulnerabilities
Mobile apps handle sensitive data like passwords and payment
details, making them prime targets for attackers. Vulnerabilities in
these apps can lead to data breaches, financial loss, and damaged
trust. Below, we explore the most common mobile app vulnerabilities,
their risks, and howto address them, ensuring your app stays secure
and users remain protected. We have also added few emerging risks
that are gaining attention in 2025.
Insecure Data Storage
Storing sensitive data without proper protection leaves it open to
attackers. Whetherthrough stolen devices or malicious apps,
insecure storage can expose user information, leading to privacy
violations and financial harm.

33. Local StorageVulnerabilities
WhyIt’s Critical:
Exposes data to anyone with device access!
Apps often save data like user credentials or session
tokens in plain text files or shared preferences.
Attackers with physical or remote access (via malware)
can easily retrieve this data.
Example:
Afitness app stored user location data in unencrypted files.
Attackers accessed these files on rooted devices, tracking
users’ movements and compromising privacy.
Unencrypted Databases
WhyIt’s Critical:
Makes sensitive data readable to attackers!
Databases like SQLite are common in mobile apps.
Without encryption, attackers can extract data like
payment details or personal info ifthey access the
database file.
Example:
A banking app’s unencrypted SQLite database exposed
account details when a device was compromised, leading to
unauthorized transactions.
ImproperKeyManagement
WhyIt’s Critical:
Undermines encryption, rendering it useless!
Hardcoding encryption keys in the app or storing them
insecurely allows attackers to decrypt protected data.
Weak key generation furtherweakens security.
Example:
A messaging app hardcoded its encryption key, enabling
attackers to decrypt user chats after reverse-engineering
the app.
Prevention:

34. Use platform-specific secure storage (e.g., iOS Keychain,
Android Keystore).
Encrypt data with AES-256 or similar strong algorithms.
Minimize local data storage, favoring secure server-side
solutions.
Use tools like MobSFto detect storage flaws during testing.
Insecure Communication
Transmitting data over unsecured channels exposes it to
interception. Insecure communication can compromise user
credentials, financial details, and more, especially on public networks.
LackofTLS/SSL
WhyIt’s Critical:
Sends data in plain text for all to see!
Without TLS/SSL, data travels unencrypted, allowing
attackers to read or alter it. This is common in apps
that skip secure protocols for speed.
Example:
A shopping app sent credit card details over HTTP, letting
attackers on public Wi-Fi steal payment information.
WeakEncryption Protocols
WhyIt’s Critical:
Uses outdated securitythat’s easily cracked!
Relying on old protocols like SSLv3 instead ofTLS 1.2 or
1.3 makes data vulnerable to decryption by attackers
exploiting known flaws.
Example:
A healthcare app used SSLv3, allowing attackers to decrypt
patient data during transmission, violating privacy
regulations.

35. Man-in-the-Middle (MITM)Attacks
WhyIt’s Critical:
Lets attackers hijack your app’s conversations!
Attackers intercept data between the app and server,
often on unsecured Wi-Fi, to steal credentials or
manipulate transactions.
Example:
Atravel app’s weak certificate validation enabled MITM
attacks, letting attackers alter booking details undetected.
Prevention:
Enforce TLS 1.2 or 1.3 with strong ciphers.
Implement certificate pinning to validate server identity.
Avoid insecure channels like SMS for sensitive data.
Use tools likeWireshark to analyze network traffic during
testing.
Reverse Engineering and Code
Tampering
Attackers analyze or modify app code to bypass security, steal data,
or unlock features. Mobile apps, running on user devices, are
especiallyvulnerable to these attacks.
Code Obfuscation Failures
WhyIt’s Critical:
Makes your app an open book for hackers!
Without obfuscation, attackers can easily read
decompiled code to understand logic or extract
secrets. Weak obfuscation offers little protection.
Example:
A gaming app’s poor obfuscation let attackers unlock
premium features forfree, causing revenue loss.

36. BinaryPatching
WhyIt’s Critical:
Changes your app’s core behavior!
Attackers modifythe app’s binaryto alterfunctionality,
like disabling payment checks or injecting malicious
code.
Example:
A modified version of a streaming app bypassed
subscription checks, distributed via third-party stores,
harming revenue.
Runtime Manipulation
WhyIt’s Critical:
Twists your app’s actions in real-time!
Using tools like Frida, attackers inject code during
runtime to bypass security checks or manipulate data.
Example:
A betting app was manipulated at runtime to alter odds,
allowing attackers to place fraudulent bets.
Prevention:
Use obfuscation tools like ProGuard or SwiftShield (OWASP
MASTG).
Implement integrity checks to detect code changes.
Detect rooted/jailbroken devices with libraries like RootBeer.
Employ RASPfor runtime protection.
BrokenAuthentication and
Authorization
Flaws in verifying user identities or access rights let attackers
impersonate users or access restricted features, compromising
accounts and data.

37. WeakSession Management
WhyIt’s Critical:
Opens doors to account hijacking!
Poorly managed session tokens, like predictable or
long-lived tokens, allow attackers to steal sessions and
access accounts.
Example:
A ride-sharing app’s predictable session tokens let
attackers hijack user accounts, booking unauthorized rides.
Insecure OAuth Implementations
WhyIt’s Critical:
Misuses trusted login systems!
Misconfigured OAuth flows can let attackers steal
tokens or bypass authentication, granting
unauthorized access.
Example:
A social media app’s OAuth flaw allowed attackers to log in
as users, posting malicious content.
BypassingAuthentication
WhyIt’s Critical:
Skips your app’s security gates!
Weak password recovery orflawed login logic lets
attackers bypass authentication, accessing accounts
without credentials.
Example:
Afinance app’s weak password reset let attackers take over
accounts by guessing security questions.
Prevention:
Use secure, randomized session tokens with short expiration.
Validate OAuth configurations per best practices (OWASPMobile
Top 10).
Enforce strong authentication (e.g., MFA) and robust password

38. policies.
Test authentication flows with tools like Burp Suite.
SecurityMisconfigurations
Incorrect settings in the app or its environment create exploitable
weaknesses, often due to oversight or default configurations.
Exposed Debug Information
WhyIt’s Critical:
Hands attackers a roadmap to your app!
Enabled debug modes in production leak sensitive data
like API keys or stack traces, aiding attackers.
Example:
A news app’s debug logs exposed API keys, letting attackers
access premium content forfree.
Misconfigured Permissions
WhyIt’s Critical:
Gives apps too much power!
Requesting unnecessary permissions (e.g., camera for
a calculator) risks data exposure if exploited.
Example:
Aflashlight app requested location access, which attackers
used to track users via a compromised version.
Insecure Cloud Integrations
WhyIt’s Critical:
Leaves your cloud data wide open!
Poorly configured cloud services, like public S3
buckets, expose sensitive data or allow unauthorized
access.
Example:
A retail app’s misconfigured cloud bucket leaked customer
addresses, leading to privacyviolations.

39. Prevention:
Disable debug features in production builds.
Request minimal permissions.
Secure cloud configurations with access controls and
encryption.
Audit configurations with tools like CloudSploit.
InsecureThird-PartyLibraries and
SDKs
Using outdated or malicious libraries introduces vulnerabilities, as
mobile apps often rely on open-source components.
Outdated LibraryRisks
WhyIt’s Critical:
Imports known flaws into your app!
Old libraries with unpatched vulnerabilities can be
exploited to compromise the app or device.
Example:
An e-learning app’s outdated library allowed attackers to
inject malicious code, stealing user data.
Malicious Libraries
WhyIt’s Critical:
Sneaks malware into your app!
Libraries with hidden malicious code can steal data or
harm users, often from unverified sources.
Example:
A photo-editing app’s malicious library sent user photos to a
remote server, breaching privacy.
DependencyVulnerabilities
WhyIt’s Critical:

40. Weak links in your app’s chain!
Flaws in library dependencies can cascade, exposing
the app to attacks like remote code execution.
Example:
A music app’s vulnerable dependency enabled attackers to
crash the app, disrupting service.
Prevention:
Monitor libraries with tools like Snyk.
Vet library sources fortrustworthiness.
Update dependencies regularlyto patch vulnerabilities.
Use SCA during development to catch issues early.
Inadequate InputValidation
Failing to validate user inputs properly can lead to exploits, as mobile
apps often process diverse inputs from users or external sources.
InjectionAttacks
WhyIt’s Critical:
Lets attackers run malicious code!
Unvalidated inputs can lead to SQL injection or
command execution, compromising data or
functionality.
Example:
A chat app’s unvalidated input allowed SQL injection,
exposing user messages from the backend database.
BufferOverflows
WhyIt’s Critical:
Crashes or hijacks your app!
Poor input handling can overflow memory buffers,
enabling attackers to execute arbitrary code.
Example:

41. Avideo player app’s buffer overflow let attackers crash the
app, disrupting user experience.
Prevention:
Sanitize and validate all inputs using secure APIs.
Use parameterized queries to prevent injection.
Implement fuzz testing to uncover input flaws.
Follow OWASP input validation guidelines.
Staying ahead ofthesevulnerabilities requires a proactive,
layered securityapproach, combining secure coding, regular
testing, dependencymanagement, and ongoing monitoring.As
the mobilethreat landscape evolves, sotoo mustthe strategies
fordefending againstthese common and emerging risks.
Mobile Device and Platform-Specific
SecurityConsiderations
Think ofyour mobile app as a travelertrying to get through a busy
and unpredictable city. Each device or platform, like iOS orAndroid,
acts like its own neighborhood with specific rules and potential
dangers. Ifyou overlook these differences, your app could be at risk
leaving user data or app features open to threats. You need specific
strategies to handle things like device fragmentation, platform APIs,
jailbreaks, hardware security, biometrics, and notifications to keep
users safe.
Take Zoom as an example. Back in 2019, its iOS app ran into trouble
because it bypassed App Transport Security. By misconfiguring an
API, the app sent data over unsecured networks, which could have
put user privacy at risk. Read More onTheVerge.
Developers build apps that succeed in the mobile world bytackling
platform-specific needs. This helps them gain usertrust and steer

42. clear of expensive security issues.
Device Fragmentation Challenges
The mobile world includes a mix of devices with different hardware,
operating systems, and setups. This variety makes security harder
because apps need to work well on everything from low-cost Android
phones to premium iPhones and other devices.
Android’s Open EcosystemVariability
WhyIt’s Critical?:
The range ofAndroid devices is huge. Apps must stay safe
across all kinds of setups. If not weak spots might appear on
less common models.
Description:
Android’s open-source setup lets makers modify hardware
and software howeverthey like. This leads to tons of
different devices. Some securityfeatures like biometrics or
encryption differ, and olderversions might not have the
latest protections. An app that works well on a Galaxy S23
might fall short on an older or lesser-known device using
Android 9.
Real-World Example:
In 2025, olderAndroid devices using Android 8.0 (Oreo)
experienced crashes when running the UPI app BHIM. This
happened because certain cryptographic libraries were not
supported. These issues raised concerns about transaction
data being exposed. The situation highlighted the
importance of conducting wide-ranging compatibilitytests
within Android’s varied ecosystem (MediaNama, 2025, link).
Best Practice:
Use feature detection to adapt to device capabilities and
test on diverse Android versions to ensure consistent

43. security.
iOSVersion and Hardware Differences
WhyIt’s Critical?:
Even in Apple’s controlled environment, variations in
software versions and hardware can create security risks if
overlooked.
Description:
iOS is consistent to an extent, but differences between
versions like iOS 12 and iOS 18, or devices like an iPhone SE
and an iPhone 16, can change how secure they are. Older
systems might not include upgrades like Face ID or stronger
encryption. Developers need to decide which minimum
version theywill support.
Real-World Example:
In 2018, the Lloyds banking app ran into problems on iOS
versions olderthan 10. Outdated security setups caused
login issues and left sessions open to risks. This situation
pushed developers to release updates (LancsLive, 2025,
link).
Best Practice:
Set a minimum iOS version with robust securityfeatures
and test on older devices to confirm compatibility.
TestingAcross Device Models
WhyIt’s Critical?:
Only broad testing catches securityflaws unique to specific
devices or OS configurations.
Description:
You need to test apps across multiple devices. This includes
checking different models, operating system versions, and
device states like rooted and non-rooted. Emulators can
assist in testing, but physical devices uncover hardware-

44. related problems. Automated tools speed up coverage, but
manualtesting ensures depth.
Real-World Example:
In 2020, WhatsApp ran into serious data leak risks on basic
Android phones with low memory. Certain configurations
that weren’t tested caused crashes and made chat data
vulnerable. WhatsApp had to run extensive tests on devices
to fix this issue (Times of India, 2020, link).
Best Practice:
Use both automated and hands-on testing on real devices
to make sure all the mobile variations are tested.
Platform-SpecificAPI Risks
Android and iOS have APIs that developers use to boost app
capabilities, but improper use might lead to security issues. Features
like Android’s inter-app communication and iOS’s secure storage
need developers to handle them with care.
Android Intents and Permissions
WhyIt’s Critical?:
Weak permissions or leaky intents can let attackers grab
sensitive info or even take over parts of a device.
Description:
Android’s intent system helps apps communicate but
sometimes leaks data when apps use implicit intents.
Malicious apps might catch these and steal things like
payment info. Permissions, especially dangerous ones (e.g.,
camera), must be minimal and requested at runtime since
Android 6.0.
Real-World Example:
Aflaw in Android’s intent setup let bad apps snatch private
data from major apps like Google Chrome in 2024. This

45. happened because intent checking wasn’t done . It put user
credentials and personal data at risk (The Hacker News,
2025, link).
Best Practice:
To stay safe always use explicit intents ask forwhat
permissions you need, and check runtime permission
results Android Intents.
iOS Keychain andAppTransport Security
WhyIt’s Critical?:
Bypassing Keychain orATS makes it harderfor data
protection and network securityto work effectively.
Description:
The iOS Keychain is a secure place to store passwords and
tokens and the App Transport Security (ATS) ensures that all
connections are made via HTTPS. IfATS is disabled or
Keychain settings are set to insecure, it is possible that a
third partywill intercept or steal the data without the
knowledge ofthe parties. It is necessaryto explain the
reasons behind the exceptions given to the legacy servers.
Real-World Example:
TikTok’s iOS app was found to be bypassing ATS in 2020 and
thus the user data were sent via unencrypted channels and
therefore there was a possibility of interception. However,
this situation lasted only until Apple imposed stricterATS
compliance regulations (Forbes, 2020, link).
Best Practice:
Sensitive data to be stored in the Keychain and tryto keep
ATS enabled without broad exceptions iOS Keychain.
Misuse ofPlatform Features
WhyIt’s Critical?:
Platform-specific features, if used in an improperway, can

46. lead to the creation ofweaknesses, which cybercriminals
can take advantage of.
Description:
Android’s SharedPreferences or iOS’s NSUserDefaults are
not secure for storing sensitive information, however,
developers continue to misuse these. Using weak
cryptography or being oblivious to the usage of platform
guidelines (for example, Android’s Keystore, iOS’s Secure
Enclave) can also lead to security being at risk.
Real-World Example:
Strava fitness app was a case in point in 2018 when they
saved user data to Android’s SharedPreferences and the
data was extracted on rooted devices (Wired, 2018, link),
(The Guardian, link).
Best Practice:
Follow security guidelines specific to platform, using
Keystore or Keychain for sensitive data OWASPMASTG.
Jailbreaking and Rooting Risks
Jailbreaking an iOS device or rooting an Android phone removes OS
restrictions. This gives attackers a wayto gain higher access, which
puts app security at risk. These modified devices demand active
detection and handling.
Detecting Jailbroken/Rooted Devices
WhyIt’s Critical?:
Catching modified devices helps apps reduce threats by
blocking sensitive features.
Description:
Apps look for signs of jailbreaking like Cydia on iOS or
rooting clues like the su binary on Android. When theyfind
these, they act byturning offfeatures like payments or

47. warning users. Advanced attackers may bypass detection,
so this method is not reliable.
Real-World Example:
Back in 2015, Netflix’s app on Android failed to block rooted
devices. This flaw let people download unauthorized
content. It forced Netflix to improve its root detection
system (The Hacker News, 2015, link).
Best Practice:
Developers should look to use tools like RootBeerfor
Android or jailbreak detection solutions for iOS. However,
they need to rememberthat these methods are not
foolproof.
SecurityImplications ofModified OS
WhyIt’s Critical?:
A modified OS gives attackers ways to tamperwith apps or
steal sensitive information.
Description:
Devices that are jailbroken or rooted let attackers put in
spying tools, change codes, or get into restricted files. This
can result in stolen data unauthorized access to features, or
using the device in botnets.
Real-World Example:
Back in 2015, the XcodeGhost malware targeted jailbroken
iOS devices. It exploited OS changes to steal data from
banking apps (BBC News, 2015, link).
Best Practice:
To reduce risk, avoid storing sensitive data and depend on
server-side protections instead.
Mitigating Jailbreak/Root Exploits
WhyIt’s Critical?:
Building strong app structures limits harm even if detection

48. does not work.
Description:
Apps need to go beyond just detecting issues. They should
rely on server-side validations for essential functions like
payments and avoid storing delicate data on the device
itself. Adding techniques like Runtime Application Self-
Protection or integrity checks helps find tampering and
boosts security.
Real-World Example:
In 2017, Pokémon GO relied on server-side validation to stop
fake scores on rooted Android devices. This step limited
exploits even with root access (BGR , 2018, link).
Best Practice:
Use RASP along with server-side validation to reduce risks
from modified operating systems.
Secure Boot and Hardware Security
Modern mobile gadgets include hardware-based tools like Trusted
Execution Environments and secure key storage. These tools help
boost security but need to be set up right and tested well.
LeveragingTrusted Execution Environments (TEE)
WhyIt’s Critical?:
TEEs shield critical processes keeping them safe from
compromised systems.
Description:
Android has Keystore and iOS uses Secure Enclave to store
keys and perform cryptographic tasks. These environments
stay separated from the main OS. They protect sensitive
data like biometrics and payment info even during OS
breaches.
Real-World Example:

49. In 2016, Samsung Pay relied on TEE to stop data theft
during a malware outbreak on Android. Other apps using
software-based encryption were not as secure (The Indian
Express, 2016, link).
Best Practice:
Complete all cryptographic tasks in TEEs Android
Keystore.
Hardware-Backed KeyStorage
WhyIt’s Critical?:
Storing keys in hardware makes them verytough to steal
even if attacked.
Description:
Secure storage systems like Android’s Keystore orApple’s
Keychain rely on hardware like the Secure Enclave. This
keeps keys safe from software breaches. Apps should
choose these hardware systems instead of software
storage.
Real-World Example:
In 2018, Coinbase’s iOS app used the Secure Enclave to
guard crypto keys. This stopped theft during a phishing
attempt, unlike apps that depended on software storage
(CNET, 2018, link).
Best Practice:
Store cryptographic keys in hardware-supported storage.
Testing Hardware SecurityIntegration
WhyIt’s Critical?:
Mistakes in integration take awaythe advantages of
hardware security.
Description:
Developers need to confirm keys are in hardware, TEE
operations work , and sensitive information is protected.

50. This means running unit tests, doing integration testing,
and even checking forweaknesses with penetration tests.
Real-World Example:
In 2017, some devices running Google’s Android Keystore
had a problem. Weak TEE integration exposed keys, which
they corrected afterthorough testing, link).
Best Practice:
Use actual devices to ensure hardware securityworks .
BiometricAuthentication
Using fingerprints orface recognition makes security easierto use
but needs solid planning to avoid tricks orworkarounds.
iOS Biometric Security(Touch ID, Face ID)
WhyIt’s Critical?:
Strong biometrics increase trust, but devices must rely on
backup options.
Description:
Touch ID and Face ID on iOS rely on the Secure Enclave to
manage sensitive data keeping it awayfrom the main
device. Apps must have a plan in case biometrics fail such
as offering secure password access.
Real-World Example:
Back in 2016, HSBC, a banking app in the UK, had security
issues with its Touch ID fallback. Hackers could use guessed
PINs to get in without permission. After users spoke up, the
problem was fixed (The Guardian, 2016, link).
Best Practice:
Implement biometric APIs that include secure fallback
methods. iOS Biometrics.
Android Biometric Security(Fingerprint, Face Unlock)

51. WhyIt’s Critical?:
Android must ensure biometrics are strong enough to
prevent vulnerabilities.
Description:
The BiometricPrompt API on Android manages fingerprint
and face unlock features so biometric data remains under
system control. Apps should provide safe backup options if
biometrics fail or are unavailable.
Real-World Example:
In 2019, someone tricked the Galaxy S10’s fingerprint sensor
using a 3D-printed fingerprint due to poor implementation.
Samsung laterfixed this issue with a software update (The
Guardian, 2019, link).
Best Practice:
Use BiometricPrompt and ensure strong backup
authentication methodsAndroid Biometrics.
Secure Push Notifications
Push notifications remain a keyfeature of mobile apps, but poor
handling can leak private info or allow unauthorized activities. This
makes it important to implement them tailoring methods to each
platform.
Android Notification Security
WhyIt’s Critical?:
Unencrypted notifications might reveal data on open
Android systems.
Description:
Sensitive data like OTPs can appear on Android lock screens
through notifications. Developers need to secure this by
encrypting the content or using silent notifications to
retrieve data in a safe way. Sideloading apps makes the use

52. of signed notifications even more essential.
Real-World Example:
In 2020, a problem with Google’s Firebase Cloud Messaging
allowed unencrypted push notifications to become visible.
Apps such as banking apps were affected making OTP
interception a potential risk (XDA Developers, 2020, link).
Best Practice:
Encrypt payloads when dealing with sensitive information.
Use silent notifications as an additional precaution.
iOS Notification Security
WhyIt’s Critical?:
Public logs on iOS might reveal details from notifications if
not secured.
Description:
Sensitive information can appear in iOS notifications, but
public console logs may expose it. Using silent notifications
helps reduce the need for storing data on servers while also
protecting user privacy.
Real-World Example:
Back in 2018 Twitter’s iOS app recorded push notification
details, like private DM previews, in public logs. This put user
privacy at risk until it was fixed (Fortune, 2018, link).
Best Practice:
Send silent notifications instead and do not store sensitive
information in logs iOS Notifications.
WhyThese Considerations Matter?
Mobile devices play a big role in building usertrust since they manage
important tasks like making payments ortracking health. Risks come
from things like fragmented devices, platform APIs altered operating
systems, hardware securityflaws, biometrics, and notifications.
Developers who follow platform-specific practices and perform
thorough testing can build apps that stay secure, meet standards,

53. and remain trustworthy. This helps users feel confident even in a
digital world full ofthreats.
Reporting and Remediation:Turning
Mobile SecurityFindings intoAction
Mobile apps carry private information such as health records and
banking data so weak spots harm usertrust . Turning these issues
into solutions that are secure takes strong reporting and fixing. This
part explains howto write solid reports, rank risks, work with
developers, check fixes, and keep apps secure while threats keep
changing.
Writing Effective Mobile Security
Reports
Structure, Clarity, and Impact
Good reports play a big part in solving mobile security problems
quickly. They connect testers and developers by breaking down
complex issues into doable steps. A clear report makes risks easyto
understand and provides straightforward solutions helping to avoid

54. wasted time and expensive securityfailures.
Howto Do It:
Start with a template that includes an executive summary
detailed results, and clear steps to fix the issues.
Use plain language to make it easyto understand without relying
on technical terms.
Add visuals such as screenshots or diagrams showing howthe
attack works to make vulnerabilities clear.
Group findings by specific components like Android intents or iOS
Keychain to make the fixes more focused.
Prioritizing Mobile Findings
Some vulnerabilities are more dangerous than others, so it’s crucial to
focus on the ones that pose the biggest problems. High-risk issues
such as data leaks, can damage an app’s reputation badly. Smaller
bugs though, can wait. Prioritizing fixes helps teams target the most
significant threats and stay in line with business goals.
Howto Do It:
Use a risk matrix to sort issues by how likely and harmful they
are, like the risk offinancial loss.
Tackle serious problems first such as exposed API keys, before
worrying about less pressing stuff like UI bugs.
Work with stakeholders to make sure priorities address key
business risks, like avoiding compliance fines.
Reassess priorities often because newthreats and app updates
can shift the risks around.
Communicatingto Stakeholders
Getting stakeholders involved matters a lot when you need resources

55. or solutions. Explaining technical risks in ways tied to business, like
losing money orfacing fines, helps. Working with both developers and
leadership ensures everyone understands the priorities, which
speeds up fixes and creates trust.
Howto Do It:
Adjust reports: give developers the technical details and show
business leaders howthe risks affect them.
Use visuals like graphs or charts to make risk levels clearto those
less familiarwith tech.
Point out consequences like possible GDPR penalties or
customers leaving so management stays on board.
Share regular updates about howfixes are going to keep
stakeholders reassured.
RiskRating and CVSSforMobile
SeverityMetricsforMobile
Giving accurate ratings to vulnerabilities plays a key role in fixing
them . Mobile apps come with their own set of challenges such as
device variety or risks involving biometric data, which call for careful
scoring. Teams can use common scales like CVSS to address the most
severe risks first and safeguard both apps and users.
Howto Do It:
Apply CVSS v3.1 to score vulnerabilities based on exploitability
and impact (0–10).
Adjust scores for mobile factors, like widespread Android
versions or data sensitivity.
Document scoring rationale to ensure transparency and team
agreement.

56. Review scores periodicallyto reflect newthreats or app changes.
Qualitativevs. Quantitative Ratings
Numbers alone don’t tell the full story, qualitative ratings add critical
context. Sometimes a medium CVSS score can indicate a big
business threat, like problems with privacy. Relying on both standard
scoring and business context helps prioritize mobile risks with a
balance of accuracy and practical consequences.
Howto Do It:
Pair CVSS scores with labels like “critical” or “low” for quick
understanding.
Factor in business risks, like regulatoryfines or usertrust loss, for
qualitative ratings.
Use team discussions to align quantitative and qualitative
ratings.
Document both ratings to justify prioritization to stakeholders.
Mobile-Specific Risk Factors
Mobile apps deal with unique challenges that standard metrics might
overlook such as the broad range ofAndroid devices or issues like
jailbreaking. These elements can increase the effect ofvulnerabilities
when it involves sensitive data like biometrics or location. Accounting
forthem ensures ratings reflect the true threat to mobile users.
Howto Do It:
Assess risks from fragmentation, like olderAndroid versions
lacking updates.
Focus first on problems with sensitive stuff, like fingerprints or
payment information.

57. Think about risks from jailbreaking or rooting that might get
around app safeguards.
Change risk factors as new mobile dangers or device habits
show up.
Collaborationwith Mobile Developers
Fixing andValidating MobileVulnerabilities
Collaboration with developers turns findings into secure code. Clear
guidance and thorough validation ensure fixes work without
introducing new issues. Strong teamwork catches vulnerabilities
early, making apps safer and reducing future risks for mobile users.
Howto Do It:
Provide specific fix instructions, like using explicit intents for
Android.
Conduct code reviews to verifyfixes align with security
guidelines.
Run penetration tests to confirm vulnerabilities are fully
resolved.
Document fix outcomes to track progress and prevent
recurrence.
Fostering a Mobile SecurityCulture
A security-first mindset prevents vulnerabilities from the start.
Teaching developers to approach problems like attackers helps create
better apps with the tricky parts of mobile platforms. Adding security
into the development process not avoids wasting time later but also
keeps users safe from new risks.
Howto Do It:

58. Teach developers about the OWASP Mobile Top 10 and howto
write code .
Use threat modeling during development sprints to find issues
on.
Promote ongoing securitytalks to discuss the latest threats and
ideas.
Reward proactive securityfixes to motivate the team.
Addressing DeveloperResistance
Developers may push back on fixes due to tight deadlines or low
perceived risk. Showing the real impact ofvulnerabilities, like data
breaches, overcomes resistance. Clear, practical solutions make
security a team effort, ensuring faster and betterfixes.
Howto Do It:
Demonstrate risks with attack scenarios, like session theft from
a flaw.
Offer quick, tested fix solutions to reduce developerworkload.
Involve developers in risk discussions to build understanding and
trust.
Highlight user or business impacts to align fixes with team goals.
RetestingAfterFixes
VerifyingVulnerabilityResolution
Retesting makes sure problems are resolved instead of being covered
up. Skipping this step leaves apps open to the same attacks, which
puts users’ trust and data at risk. Thorough verification confirms
security and catches any new issues introduced during fixes.

59. Howto Do It:
Retest with original exploit methods to confirm vulnerability
closure.
Check for side effects, like newflaws from patching.
Document retest results to track fix success and issues found.
Involve developers to verifyfixes align with code changes.
Mobile RegressionTesting
Fixes can break app features, especially on diverse mobile devices.
Regression testing ensures apps stayfunctional across Android and
iOS versions, catching issues like crashes on older phones. It’s critical
for delivering secure, reliable mobile experiences.
Howto Do It:
Test fixes across multiple OS versions, like Android 9 or iOS 12.
Use device labs to covervaried hardware, like budget Android
phones.
Automate functional tests to speed up regression checks.
Manuallytest critical features, like payments, for reliability.
Automatedvs. Manual Retesting
Retesting needs both speed and precision to keep apps secure.
Automated tools handle repetitive checks, while manual testing dives
into complex mobile issues. Balancing both ensures thorough
verification without slowing down development.
Howto Do It:
Use automated tools like Appium for repetitive API or UI tests.
Manuallytest complex areas, like biometric authentication flows.

60. Combine results to ensure comprehensive vulnerability checks.
Schedule regular retests to catch issues in new app versions.
Monitor& Maintain Mobile Security
Continuous MonitoringforMobileApps
Mobile risks change every day aiming at apps with private
information. Monitoring helps find securityflaws quickerthan hackers
protecting the apps. It serves as the main defense in a world where
mobile dangers keep shifting.
Howto Do It:
Deploytools like MobSFto scan for newvulnerabilities in real
time.
Monitor app store feedback for signs of crashes or security
issues.
Set up alerts for suspicious activity, like unusual API calls.
Review logs regularlyto catch emerging threats early.
Patch ManagementforMobile
Timely updates prevent hackers from taking advantage of known
weaknesses. Testing and rolling out updates helps protect mobile
apps on many devices and reduces the risk of breaches. Good patch
management ensures apps stay strong without making things harder
for users.
Howto Do It:
Focus on patches that address serious issues like API
vulnerabilities or data exposure.
Run tests on different devices to ensure patches work .

61. Use automation to deploy updates faster and keep them
consistent.
Share patch information with users to keep their confidence
intact.
Mobile SecurityAwarenessTraining
Well-informed teams and users play a big role in keeping mobile apps
secure. When developers and users learn about risks like phishing or
jailbreaking on, it reduces vulnerabilities right away. Keeping people
aware overtime creates a mindset focused on safetythat helps
protect apps in the long run.
Howto Do It:
Teach developers about secure coding and the OWASP Mobile
Top 10.
Show users howto stay safe, like by avoiding shady app sources.
Refresh training each yearto address new mobile risks.
Share real-world examples ofthreats to make learning more
interesting.
Best Practices: Incorporating Security
intoYourMobileApplications

62. Mobile apps give users access to important things like medical
records and bank info. Keeping these apps secure should always
come first. Builders ofthese apps need to think about security right
from the start of development and continue doing so during updates.
This guide offers hands-on tips to protect apps from risks and keep
them secure across many platforms and devices. These steps aim to
help yourteam address possible weak spots and build strongertrust
with users.
Implement Shift-Left Securityin
Mobile
Finding security issues can save time and protect users. Shift-left
securityfocuses on adding protections as as the first line of code. It
prevents issues before they happen instead ofwaiting until after a
breach to fix them. This method keeps mobile apps safe whether
they’re on Android’s wide system or iOS’s stricter setup.
Howto Do It:
Use securitytools like static analyzers such as SonarQube while
starting the development.
Teach developers howto manage mobile-related risks when
designing orwriting code.
Perform security scans within CI/CD pipelines to find issues
before launching.
Work closelywith securityteams during planning to focus on
mobile threats.
Tools:

63. SonarQube checks code in development to spot vulnerabilities.
Checkmarx finds security issues in the code before it goes live.
GitHub CodeQL pinpoints mobile-related problems in CI/CD
processes.
Use Safe Coding MethodsforMobile
Safe coding forms the backbone of secure mobile apps. Every piece
of code can be a risk if it’s not done right. Mobile platforms bring
unique problems like sideloading and fragmentation. To defend user
data and make apps reliable, planners must think about risks early
and build protections from the ground up.
Howto Do It:
Use the OWASP Mobile Top 10 rules when coding forAndroid and
iOS apps.
Do not store sensitive information like API keys in your app’s
code.
Store important data using tools like Android Keystore or iOS
Keychain.
Check every user input to stop injection attacks such as SQL or
XSS from happening.
Tools:
MobSF (Mobile Security Framework) helps you detect mobile
securityweaknesses in your code.
ESLint helps you apply safe coding rules for apps written in
JavaScript.
Veracode reviews and shows insecure code practices on
multiple platforms.
Use Strong Login SecurityandAccess

64. Controls
Weak logins let attackers in. Strong protections like access controls
and authentication ensure authorized people can use your app’s
features or see its data. Tools like biometrics and role-based access
play a big role in safeguarding private actions such as making
payments on mobile apps. These methods stop unauthorized users
and earn usertrust.
Howto Do It:
Use multi-factor authentication like a password with a biometric
option to protect riskyfeatures.
Set up role-based access control to restrict user privileges.
Use short-lived tokens and secure cookies to manage sessions.
Test how authentication works on different devices to check
compatibility.
Tools:
Auth0 helps manage safe authentication and authorization
processes.
Okta adds multi-factor authentication to mobile applications.
FirebaseAuthentication allows secure sign-ins across various
platforms.
Keep MobileAPIs andThird-Party
Connections Secure
Mobile apps rely on APIs and external services, but they risk security
flaws without proper protection. An unencrypted API call can become
a weak spot exposing user data. Locking down these connections
keeps apps secure when theywork across platforms or link with other
services. Every interaction, whether inside or outside the app, needs

65. to be safeguarded.
Howto Do It:
Apply HTTPS using strong TLS settings to secure API
communication.
Check and clean data shared with other services.
Set up API authentication with OAuth 2.0 orAPI keys.
Perform audits ofthird-party libraries to find known security
issues.
Tools:
Postman helps test and secure API endpoints as you develop
them.
OWASP ZAP checks APIs to find security problems.
Snyk spots issues in third-party libraries.
Run MobileAudits and Keep Everything
Updated
Mobile apps change overtime, and so do the risks tied to them.
Performing regular audits helps find newweak points, while updates
protect apps from fresh threats. Ignoring these actions can leave
apps at risk on older iOS versions orAndroid devices with varied
software. Taking action helps your app stay ahead of hackers.
Howto Do It:
Plan security checks every quarter using tools like MobSF or
Burp Suite.
Fix known vulnerabilities by updating libraries and app
dependencies.
Test updates on different devices to check both security and

66. compatibility.
Write down audit results to keep track of patterns and recurring
problems.
Tools:
Burp Suite helps with running security checks on mobile apps.
MobSF is useful to find vulnerabilities during security audits.
Dependabot sends alerts when dependencies become outdated
and need updates.
Take Stepsto Model MobileThreats
Threat modeling works as a strategyto guard against attackers. It
helps spot risks unique to mobile apps such as jailbreaking or unsafe
notifications on. This step helps developers add security during the
building process keeping users protected across various platforms.
Think of it as a guide to creating a more secure app.
Howto Do It:
Map howyour app’s data moves to find spots attackers could
target such as APIs or stored data.
Focus on the most likely and serious threats, like data exposure
on rooted phones.
Get developers and testers involved to model threats while
designing the app.
Update these threat models everytime the app gets a new
release to handle fresh vulnerabilities.
Tools:
Microsoft Threat Modeling Tool makes it easierto see mobile app
threats.
OWASPThreat Dragon helps with building threat models specific

67. to mobile apps.
Draw.io is handyto map out data flowfor analyzing threats.
Reduce Common Mobile SecurityRisks
Mobile apps deal with specific dangers like unsafe storage and
exposed intents. Addressing common flaws prevents data breaches
that may expose user details or damage devices. Knowing how
attackers take advantage ofvulnerabilities is keyto securing your
app. Securing your app allows it to stay protected and keeps users
safe.
Howto Do It:
Use specific explicit intents instead of general implicit ones to
secure Android intents.
Employ runtime checks to detect jailbreaking or rooting on
devices.
Do not store sensitive data in insecure places like
SharedPreferences.
Fix issues from OWASP Mobile Top 10 on a regular basis.
Tools:
Drozer helps test Android apps to spot intent-related
vulnerabilities.
Frida identifies when jailbreaking or rooting occurs during
runtime.
QARK finds issues like unsafe storage in mobile apps.
Encrypt Mobile Data at Rest and in
Transit
Attackers see unencrypted data as a treasure trove. To protect user

68. details stored on devices or shared through networks, Android and
iOS rely on encryption. It acts like a shield guarding sensitive
information such as passwords and health records from being
exposed. Strong encryption creates a foundation oftrust that cannot
be broken.
Howto Do It:
ApplyAES-256 to encrypt data saved on devices.
Require HTTPS using TLS 1.3 for all communication overthe
network.
Keep keys in secure hardware storage such as Android Keystore
or iOS Secure Enclave.
Use tools to test encryption strength on a regular basis.
Tools:
OpenSSL helps with creating and managing encryption keys for
mobile applications.
Keychain Access on iOS keeps keys safe in the Secure Enclave.
Android Studio helps set up Keystore for storing encryption keys.
Test and MonitorMobileApps
Periodically
Your app’s safety relies on testing and monitoring working as
constant watchdogs. Running tests often helps find weak spots .
Monitoring helps detect live threats like API issues. Staying alert
keeps your app safe on all kinds of devices and against new attack
tactics. This approach protects usertrust.
Howto Do It:
Perform regular penetration tests to find any newweak spots.

69. Applytools like RASPto keep an eye on how apps behave during
runtime.
Check functionality on both Android and iOS even on older
devices.
Look at app store reviews to spot problems like crashes or
security risks.
Tools:
Appium helps automate testing of mobile apps across different
systems.
RASP (Runtime Application Self-Protection) keeps track of app
activity in real time.
Nessus detects vulnerabilities when running scheduled tests.
Mobile SecurityTesting Standards &
Guidelines
Mobile apps handle private information such as financial details and
personal data. They need tough security measures to keep users safe
and follow required rules. Guidelines from frameworks like OWASP,
NIST, and ISO 27001 provide tested methods to make apps stronger
against new security risks. This section helps yourteam learn ways to
meet these standards and create secure mobile apps. Explore these
tips to develop apps that people can trust and that resist threats.
OWASPMobileTop 10
The OWASP Mobile Top 10 offers a crucial resource to identify and fix
the most serious mobile app security issues in 2024. Hackers often
aim at weak spots like insecure authentication on Android and iOS.
Developers and testers should followthese tips to prevent breaches
and protect user data. This guide explains each ofthe ten risks so
apps can have stronger security measures.

70. KeyMobileVulnerabilities and Mitigations
M1: ImproperCredential Usage
Stored or mismanaged credentials leave apps open to
unauthorized access. Hackers pull keys ortokens straight from
the code putting sensitive user data at risk. To counterthis, use
protected storage methods and validate credentials through
servers.
M2:WeakSupplyChain Protection
Using unsecured third-party libraries and components brings
risks such as dependency hijacking. Ignoring these problems can
threaten whole apps. To protect systems, you need to review and
update dependencies.
M3: FaultyAuthentication orAuthorization
Attackers bypass security barriers when authentication is poor
or authorization lacks strength. They may access accounts or
perform restricted actions without permission. Strong
authentication systems and server-side checks help avoid such
breaches.
M4: Insufficient Input/OutputValidation
Weak validation lets injection attacks like SQL injection or XSS
happen putting data at risk. checked inputs or outputs can
trigger dangerous security breaches. To avoid exploits validate
and clean all data.
M5: Insecure Communication
Sending unencrypted data makes private information easyto
intercept. PoorTLS configurations give attackers a wayto
tamperwith or read data. Always use HTTPS with strong TLS
settings and do certificate pinning.
M6: Inadequate PrivacyControls
Weak privacy protections may leak ortrack data without consent.
This damages usertrust and could break privacy laws like GDPR.
To keep data safe, collect what is needed and design systems
with privacy in mind from the start.

71. M7: Insufficient Cryptography
Weak or old encryption methods make it harderto protect
sensitive data and leave systems open to attack. Apps that still
use outdated algorithms like MD5 remain vulnerable to threats.
Use stronger options like AES-256 and ensure secure storage of
encryption keys.
M8: SecurityMisconfiguration
Mistakes like failing to secure APIs or not changing default
credentials create opportunities for attackers to break in. These
errors make systems accessible without permission. Strengthen
configurations and turn off unnecessaryfeatures before
releasing to production.
M9: Insufficient BinaryProtection
Skipping binary protection makes apps vulnerable to reverse
engineering ortampering. Attackers target apps without proper
protection to steal data or alter howtheywork. Adding
obfuscation and runtime checks protects binaries from such
risks.
M10: Extraneous Functionality
Sneakyfeatures such as debug tools can let unauthorized users
access apps. Hackers may abuse these unnoticed functions
when the app goes live. Clean out unused code and check for
hidden entry points before launching the app.
Prioritizing OWASPMobile Risks
Not every OWASP risk is urgent. Paying attention to severe threats like
data leaks instead of small problems helps focus on what matters.
This method ties securitytesting to business goals, like preventing
breaches or avoiding penalties, and lets yourteam deal with the
biggest dangers.
Howto Do It:
Sort OWASP risks based on how hackers could exploit them and

72. what impact they have on user safety or data protection.
Use a risk matrix to decide which issues like weak
communication methods need attention first.
Match these priorities with how much they affect business
needs such as following legal rules.
Look at risks again whenever an app gets updated orwhen
OWASP makes changes.
TrainingTeams on OWASPMobile
Trained teams can catch problems on. To recognize risks early,
developers and testers should studythe OWASP Mobile Top 10. This
knowledge builds a security-first approach, which plays a key role in
creating safer apps. Regulartraining ensures teams can handle
evolving mobile securitythreats.
Howto Do It:
Organize workshops to explain OWASP Mobile Top 10 to
developers and testers.
Offertraining with real-life examples to teach fixes like secure
coding methods.
Plan sessions everyyearto go over OWASP updates and
highlight newthreats.
Encourage team members to earn OWASP Mobile Security
Testing certifications to build skills.
NISTMobile SecurityGuidelines
Procedures and ControlsforTesting Mobile Security
NIST guidelines give a clear plan to secure mobile apps by
highlighting steps like encryption and access control to stop threats
such as malware. Sticking to NIST rules helps meet industry

73. standards and builds trust among users. Think of it as your roadmap
to test mobile apps and followthe rules.
Howto Do It:
Apply NIST SP 800-53 rules such as limiting app access.
Run tests that follow a standard process to check howwell apps
handle authentication and protect data.
Write down the test results to prove the app meets NIST
standards.
Test these rules on both Android and iOS devices to maintain
strong security.
Mobile RiskAssessment Processes
NIST’s risk assessment framework helps identify mobile threats . It
checks for risks such as outdated software or unauthorized access
and helps create plans to reduce these problems. This keeps mobile
apps secure and aligned with safety rules.
Howto Do It:
Use NIST SP 800-30 to examine risks in mobile setups.
Spot mobile risks like an old operating system ortampered
devices.
Tackle issues based on how serious and impactful the risk is.
Review risk assessments with every app update orwhen new
threats pop up.
PlanningforMobile Incident Responses
A good incident response plan reduces damage from mobile security
breaches. The NIST guidelines explain steps to detect issues, respond
, and recoverfrom problems like data leaks. Careful planning makes
fast responses possible, shields users, and ensures compliance. This

74. plan acts as a safety net in a mobile security crisis.
Howto Do It:
Create a mobile response plan using NIST SP 800-61.
Teach teams howto identify and handle issues like API
vulnerabilities.
Run drills to test how prepared your response plans are.
Keep plans updated to address new risks or app changes.
CWE/SANSTop 25forMobile
Critical Mobile Software Errors
The CWE/SANS Top 25 lists coding mistakes such as not validating
input , which can cause mobile security issues. Developers can stop
these flaws to protect user information and devices from being at
risk. This standard helps developers create more secure code. It plays
an important role in making mobile apps safer.
Howto Do It:
Look through the CWE/SANS Top 25 to spot mistakes such as
buffer overflows.
Use secure coding methods to address the mentioned issues.
Check apps during development to find vulnerabilities from the
Top 25 list.
Focus on fixing flaws that affect user data or app performance.
StaticAnalysisforMobile CWE
Static analysis identifies coding mistakes , before apps go live.
Addressing issues like weak encryption from the CWE/SANS Top 25
list helps mobile apps avoid serious vulnerabilities. Taking this step

75. boosts the reliability of apps across different platforms. It plays a key
role in creating secure mobile software.
Howto Do It:
Use static analysis tools to find CWE errors in mobile codebases.
Pay attention to risky issues such as insecure deserialization or
broken validation.
Add static analysis into CI/CD workflows to catch problems.
Work with developers to review results and fix priority issues.
Best Practices in Mobile ErrorHandling
Weak error management can leave apps open to attacks. For
instance, exceptions might reveal sensitive data. The CWE/SANS
guidelines emphasize strong error handling to safeguard mobile
applications. Controlling errors prevents exposing private
information, which is vital to keep apps secure and reliable.
Howto Do It:
Add try-catch blocks to handle exceptions in mobile apps.
Do not include sensitive information in error logs or messages.
Simulate attack scenarios such as invalid inputs, to evaluate
error handling.
Store error logs to protect user privacy and data.
PCI-DSSforMobile PaymentApps
SecurityChecklistforMobile Payments
PCI-DSS sets rules to keep cardholder data safe in mobile payment
apps. It has a checklist that includes encryption, authentication, and
access restrictions to keep transactions secure. Following these rules

76. helps prevent data theft and fines while increasing trust from users. It
acts as the standard to make mobile payments secure.
Howto Do It:
Use PCI-DSS guidelines to encrypt payment information with
strong security methods.
Set up secure ways to verify users for every payment
transaction.
Limit who can access cardholder data using role-based
permissions.
Keep records of compliance based on the PCI-DSS checklist to
show during audits.
MobileVulnerabilityManagement
Stopping vulnerabilities in payment apps protects financial data from
being compromised. PCI-DSS outlines that apps must undergo
constant scans and updates to fix risks like weak APIs. Doing this
ensures apps remain safe and meet compliance on all devices. This is
vital to safeguard transactions and maintain trust.
Howto Do It:
Run regular scans to catch vulnerabilities in mobile payment
apps.
Fix issues such as poor authentication methods.
Check if patches work on both Android and iOS.
Keep a log to track vulnerabilities and meet PCI-DSS
requirements.
Mobile SecuritywithThird-PartyVendors
Third-partyvendors bring risks to payment apps through things like
unsafe APIs. The PCI-DSS guidelines demand checking vendors to

77. keep data protected and ensure compliance. Strong integrations
block breaches that come from outside providers. This is needed to
create a secure mobile payment system.
Howto Do It:
Check vendors’ PCI-DSS compliance before connecting them.
Require vendors to use secure APIs with authentication methods
such as OAuth 2.0.
Keep a close eye on vendor services to catch security issues or
data leaks.
Make sure vendors follow PCI-DSS rules by including this in
contracts.
ISO 27001To Manage Mobile Security
Using ISO 27001 ControlsTo Secure Mobile
ISO 27001 gives businesses a strong structure to handle mobile
security in an organized way. Key measures such as managing access
and encrypting data, help safeguard apps against risks on different
platforms. Putting these practices into action builds compliance and
solid security. It serves as the base to create a secure mobile
environment.
Howto Do It:
Use ISO 27001 controls like A.12.4 to monitor mobile app security.
Restrict data exposure in apps by applying strict access
controls.
Follow ISO 27001 guidelines to encrypt sensitive information.
Record the control applications to meet audit requirements.

78. Checking Mobile ISMS Compliance
Auditing checks ifyour mobile Information Security Management
System (ISMS) follows ISO 27001 requirements. It confirms that
controls like encryption work well on devices to keep compliance.
These audits spot weaknesses in mobile security. They help build
trust with users and get certifications.
Howto Do It:
Do yearly ISO 27001 audits to check your mobile app’s security
measures.
See whetheryour system handles mobile risks, like fragmented
devices.
Write down the audit results and create plans to fix issues for
certification.
Hire qualified auditors to assess howwell your ISMS works.
Continuous ChangesTo Improve Mobile Security
ISO 27001 helps improve and protect mobile security. It strengthens
the system by refining processes and controls to tackle threats like
rooting orAPI attacks. This ensures apps stay secure and meet
compliance overtime. It is a smart wayto safeguard mobile security
forthe future.
Howto Do It:
Adjust mobile security measures to respond to the latest threats.
Use audits to strengthen ISMS procedures and protections.
Teach teams about new risks in mobile securityto build stronger
defenses.
Keep up with industry changes to follow ISO 27001
recommendations.

79. Conclusion
Mobile app securitytesting has become a central task. Everyone
creating, managing, or launching mobile apps now needs to take it .
With mobile apps offering more features and becoming more
complex, the opportunities for attacks also grow. Problems can arise
at any point, from improper permission settings to riskythird-party
libraries or jailbroken devices. Securitytesting aims not to catch weak
spots but also to maintain trust, protect a company’s name, and keep
the data that powers our mobile-driven world safe.
This guide has shown that keeping mobile security strong isn’t
something you do once. It’s a never-ending process that involves
testing working together across teams, and staying updated on both
technical risks and user-related issues. To strengthen security over
time, you can line up your methods with industry rules, build security
into yourworkflows, and treat everyweak spot as a wayto get better.
We hope this detailed look at mobile app securitytesting has given
you the tools you need to act. The best moment to secure your app
has already passed, but your next chance is right now.
Ifyou’ve enjoyed diving into mobile app security, here’s your chance
to complete the picture. We’ve also created an in‑depth guide on Web
Application SecurityTesting, covering common threats, proven
testing approaches, and real‑world lessons you can put into practice.
Read the full Blog here: WebApplication SecurityTesting:The
Ultimate Guideto ProtectingWebApps
Witness howourmeticulous approach and cutting-edge
solutions elevated qualityand performanceto newheights.
Beginyourjourneyintotheworld ofsoftwaretesting excellence.
To knowmore referto Tools &Technologies & QAServices.