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Nelfi Amiera Mizan 
Multimedia University 
Ibid 
Ibid. originated from Latin word, short for ibidem, meaning "in the same place". The term used to 
provide an endnote or footnote citation or reference for a source that was cited in the preceding 
endnote or footnote. 
For example: 
[1] E. Vijh, Latin for Dummies (New York: Academic, 1997), p. 23. 
[2] Ibid. 
[3] Ibid., p. 29. 
[4] Al Azif, The Necronomicon (Petrus de Dacia, 1994). 
[5] Ibid. 1, p. 34. 
Reference 2 is the same as reference 1: E. Vijh, Latin for Dummies on page 23, whereas reference 3 
refers to the same work but at a different location, namely page 29. Intervening entries require a 
reference to the original citation in the form Ibid. <citation #>, as in reference 5. 
Differences between Footnote and Bibliography 
They are both a part of referencing. 
Footnotes are what you need when you cite a quote or some information that you have got 
from somewhere else. You have to cite the source or it is plagiarizing. 
A bibliography is a list of books, scholarly articles, and other sources you use when researching 
a topic and writing a paper. The bibliography will appear at the end of your paper. 
Bibliography entries must be written in a very specific format, but that format will depends on 
your particular style of writing you use. Your teacher will tell you which style to use, and for 
most school papers these will be either OSCOLA, MLA, APA, or Turabian style. A bibliography is 
a summary of all your references in an alphabetical list. Some people use the Oscola system and 
some use APA system.
Nelfi Amiera Mizan 
Multimedia University 
Full Name of Abbreviations 
OSCOLA - Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities 
MLA- Modern Language Association 
APA- American Psychological Association 
MLJ - Malayan Law Journal 
CLJ- Current Law Journal 
AMR- All Malaysia Reports 
MLR- Malayan Law Reports 
FMSLR- Federated Malay States Law Reports

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Differences Between Footnotes and Bibliographies

  • 1. Nelfi Amiera Mizan Multimedia University Ibid Ibid. originated from Latin word, short for ibidem, meaning "in the same place". The term used to provide an endnote or footnote citation or reference for a source that was cited in the preceding endnote or footnote. For example: [1] E. Vijh, Latin for Dummies (New York: Academic, 1997), p. 23. [2] Ibid. [3] Ibid., p. 29. [4] Al Azif, The Necronomicon (Petrus de Dacia, 1994). [5] Ibid. 1, p. 34. Reference 2 is the same as reference 1: E. Vijh, Latin for Dummies on page 23, whereas reference 3 refers to the same work but at a different location, namely page 29. Intervening entries require a reference to the original citation in the form Ibid. <citation #>, as in reference 5. Differences between Footnote and Bibliography They are both a part of referencing. Footnotes are what you need when you cite a quote or some information that you have got from somewhere else. You have to cite the source or it is plagiarizing. A bibliography is a list of books, scholarly articles, and other sources you use when researching a topic and writing a paper. The bibliography will appear at the end of your paper. Bibliography entries must be written in a very specific format, but that format will depends on your particular style of writing you use. Your teacher will tell you which style to use, and for most school papers these will be either OSCOLA, MLA, APA, or Turabian style. A bibliography is a summary of all your references in an alphabetical list. Some people use the Oscola system and some use APA system.
  • 2. Nelfi Amiera Mizan Multimedia University Full Name of Abbreviations OSCOLA - Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities MLA- Modern Language Association APA- American Psychological Association MLJ - Malayan Law Journal CLJ- Current Law Journal AMR- All Malaysia Reports MLR- Malayan Law Reports FMSLR- Federated Malay States Law Reports