Basics of Mis Covering the concept of system

1. Made by:
Manish Kumar Aery(IM66)
Department of computer Application
IET Bhaddal (Ropar)

2.  System- System means the organized relationship among the functioning units.
 Definition- A system is an orderly set of independent components linked together according
to plan to achieve a specific objective.
OR
 A System is a set of independent components that work together to achieve a specific
goal/result

3.  The system elements are:
 1. Input.
 2. Processor.
 3. Output.
 Feedback & Control.
These elements are common to all systems. These are the
elements by which all systems are described

4.  Input : It is anything we wish to enter in a system for some type of
use. It may be raw material, data, physical source, knowledge or any
energy to decide the nature of output.
 Processor : It is defined as the activity that makes possible the
transformation of input to output. When data is processed through
computer it is processed through logical steps.
 Output : It is end result of the operation. In other words it is the
purpose or the main objective for which the system is designed.
Though output is largely dependent on input, its nature or format
may vary vastly from the input
 Feedback & control : A system with feedback and control is some
times called cybernetic system, that is self monitoring ,self
regulating system. feedback is data about the performance. Control
involves monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine weather
the system is moving towards the achievement of its goal.

5.  There are five types of characteristics for a system. They are
 1. Organization
2. Interaction
3. Interdependence
4. Integration
5. A central objective
ORGANIZATION: Organization implies structure and order. It can
also be defined as the arrangement of components that helps to
achieve objectives.
INTERACTION: Interaction refers to the manner in which each
component functions with other components of the system.ie, there
should be an interrelationship between each components of a
system.

6.  INTERDEPENDENCE: This is one of the important characteristics of a system.
Interdependence means the parts or the components of an organization or computer
system depend on one another. Each component or parts should depend on other
components of an organization. One component or subsystem depends on the input
of another subsystem for proper functioning, ie, the output of one subsystem is
required input for another subsystem.
 INTEGRATION: Integration refers to the holism of systems. Synthesis follows
analysis to achieve the central objective of the organization. It is concerned with
how a system is tied together. It is more than sharing a physical part or location. It
means that parts of the system work together within the system even though each
part performs a unique function.
CENTRAL OBJECTIVE: The last characteristic of a system is its central
objective. Objectives may be real or stated. The important point is that users must
know the central objective of a computer application early in the analysis for a
successful design and conversion.

7.  Conceptual & Physical system.
 Natural & Artificial systems.
 Open & Closed systems.
 Deterministic & probabilistic system.

8. 1.Conceptual (abstract) system is an orderly arrangement
of independent ideas.
2. Physical system: These are the concrete operational
systems made up of people material, machines energy &
other physical things
3Natural systems: All the naturally occurring systems are
called as natural systems.
4 Artificial system: All man made systems are called as
artificial systems.
5.Open system: Open system is that system which interacts
with its environment.

9. 6. Closed system: Closed system is that system which
does not interact with its environment. It has only
controlled & well defined input & output.
7. Deterministic system: It is a system which
operates in predictable manner. Stepwise execution
is always possible & output is sure.
8. Probabilistic system: It is a system which operates
in unpredictable manner & degree of error is always
possible. Also output is not sure.