Mining involves extracting valuable minerals from the earth and can be done through surface or sub-surface methods. Surface mining techniques include open pit mining, quarrying, and placer mining, where ore is removed from near the earth's surface, often using excavation or workers extracting stone. Sub-surface techniques are used when deposits are deeper underground and involve long wall, continuous, blast, or short wall mining to reach the minerals below the surface.

1. MINING

2. MINING
 Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other materials
from the earth.

3. TYPES OF MINING
 Surface Mining
 Sub-surface mining

4. SURFACE MINING
 It is undertaken if the mineral is near the earth’s surface.
 This method is usually more cost effective and require fewer work

5. OPEN PIT MINING
 Excavation or cut made at the surface of the ground for the
purpose of extracting ore
 To expose and mine the ore, it is generally necessary to excavate &
relocate large quantities of waste rocks

6. QUARRYING
 Worker use machines to extract stone used as primarily as a
building material.

7. PLACER MINING
 In this mining raw material or ore is located in either sand, gravel,
or on the surface so it is obtained without use of dynimite.

8. MOUNTAIN TOP REMOVAL
 This form of mining involve change to the summit or summit
ridge of a mountain.

9. SUB-SURFACE MINING
 It is used when the mineral deposit lies deep below the surface of the
earth.
 Long wall mining
 Continuous mining
 Blast mining
 Short wall mining