This book offers an introduction to American Law and American Military Law for Citizen Journalists covering Military Tribunals in America's sovereign jurisdictions.
Key words : Military Tribunals , Uniform Code of Military Justice , GITMO , Guantanamo Bay , United States of America , Donald Trump , POTUSA , Military , Justice , Law of War , Enemy combatants , Justice Brett Kavanaugh , Senator Lindsey Graham
Essay On International Law
International Law
Essay On International Law
International Law as Law Essay
Essay on International Humanitarian Law
Essay on International Law
Private International Law Essay
Essay about United States Constitution
The Us Constitution Essay
The US Constitution Essay
Essay about The American Constitution
The U.S. Constitution Essay
US Constitution Essay
Essay about The Constitution
Essay On International Law
International Law
Essay On International Law
International Law as Law Essay
Essay on International Humanitarian Law
Essay on International Law
Private International Law Essay
Essay about United States Constitution
The Us Constitution Essay
The US Constitution Essay
Essay about The American Constitution
The U.S. Constitution Essay
US Constitution Essay
Essay about The Constitution
U.S. In the ICCThe International Criminal Court can be seen as a.docxcandycemidgley
U.S. In the ICC
The International Criminal Court can be seen as a good thing that promotes international peace or a bad thing that does not contribute to the cause. There are multiple countries, such as the United States, that are not part of the ICC. Regarding the United States, it should be a part of the ICC because in doing so it will create less hostility towards itself, help promote international peace, and will not allow the U.S. to cover up certain war crimes that it feels justified to do.
First, if the U.S. would join the ICC, they would be giving off a message that they trust other countries to help keep worldwide peace. According to the textbook, “The United States, more than any other country, has soldiers deployed around the world to protect international peace and security” (Nau, 284). By having soldiers in other countries, the U.S. is expressing that it does not believe that other countries are capable of dealing with the safety and security of their own countries, let alone dealing with international crimes. This leads to these countries to feel hostile towards the U.S. because they feel that the U.S. is interfering in their affairs. If the U.S. were to join the ICC, it would show that they trust these countries to make proper judgments with regards to security and, as a result, the other countries would not be angry at the U.S. for thinking that it is superior regarding international security issues.
Second, since the U.S. is a country that is a leader within the international community, all of its actions have powerful effects on the rest of the world. Therefore, when the U.S. decided to not join the ICC, they expressed to the world that the ICC is not something that is good or will be successful. I believe that the reason the ICC is not as successful as it could be is because the U.S. is not part of it. If the U.S. joins the ICC, more countries will follow its lead and join as well. Once enough countries join, they can all work together to promote international peace in the world. This can only happen if the U.S. decides to join because other countries look up to it as a leader. If the U.S. joins the ICC, therefore legitimizing it, then other countries will feel that it is legitimate and will want to join and make an effort to promote international peace.
Finally, the U.S. needs to join the ICC because the other countries will stop the U.S. from covering up its own war crimes. One example of this is the way that prisoners were treated in Guantanamo Bay. Here, prisoners of war were tortured in many ways that violated multiple war laws. As Michael Froomkin says, “our government admits we have killed 27 POWs…tortured who knows how many, and then our government says no one is to be held accountable” (Froomkin, “Why the U.S. Needs to Join the International Criminal Court”). Froomkin is saying that the U.S. avoids punishment for these crimes because it is not in the ICC. As a r ...
Humanitarianism & War on Terror
INR 3403| Jessy Abouarab
The first use in English of the term 'terrorism' occurred during the French Revolution's Reign of Terror, when the Jacobins, who ruled the revolutionary state, employed violence, including mass executions by guillotine, to compel obedience to the state and intimidate regime enemies.
The association of the term only with state violence and intimidation lasted until the mid-19th century, That’s when it began to be associated with non-governmental groups
What is Terrorism?
The use of terror is not a new phenomenon,
a means to achieve political ends
but as we know it has recently acquired a new intensity.
In many cases, terrorists deliberately choose targets as a means of pressurizing governments of the state against certain actions. So its usually a political message.
2
anarchism
Anarchism, often in league with rising nationalism and anti-monarchism, was the most prominent ideology linked with terrorism.
Near the end of the 19th century, anarchist groups or individuals committed assassinations of a Russian Tsar and contestably a U.S. President.
In the 20th century terrorism continued to be associated with a vast array of anarchist, socialist, fascist and nationalist groups, many of them engaged in 'third world' anti-colonial struggles.
Insert a picture illustrating a season in your country.
3
What changed on September the 11th?
On 9/11, America..
Realized that al Qaeda was more than a criminal threat and enterprise.
That the network of Al Qaeda and the Taliban posed a dangerous threat and amassed a capability to attack the US on its own soil.
That counter-terrorism and anti-terrorism efforts required a comprehensive use of all US resources – it was not a law enforcement problem alone.
The Global war on Terrorism
The United States, its allies, and the world recognized that the threat posed by al Qaeda, the acts perpetrated against the US, were acts of war…
NATO invoked Article V of the treaty; the collective defense provision.
ANZUS collective defense provisions invoked.
OAS offers assistance..
Rio Treaty
On October 7 – the United States uses military force against those who attacked it.
A coalition of more than 40 countries joined the US in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF).
OEF remains active as elements of the Taliban and al Qaeda network attempt to destroy the Karzai government and attack US forces in Afghanistan.
problems identified with terrorism
Definition:
How widely should the offence be defined?
What do they mean by Political Message
Are the motives and intentions behind the attack relevant?
What is the Relationship between terrorism and Use of force by state?
What is the Relationship between terrorism and Human rights?
Insert a picture of an animal and or plant found in your country.
The first major concern is that of definition.
how widely should the offence be defined?
for instance should attacks against property as well as attacks upon perso ...
Congress and the Presidency An Unequal RelationshipThe .docxmargaretr5
Congress and the Presidency: An Unequal Relationship?
"
The tyranny of the legislature is really the danger most to be feared, and will continue to be so for many years to come. The tyranny of the executive power will come in its turn, but at a more distant period
." - Thomas Jefferson
In 1783 American colonists, defying incredible odds, had just beaten the United Kingdom, western hemisphere's preeminent power, in the
American War for Independence
. (NPS.gov, n.d.) Now, these thirteen colonies, saddled with a new governmental charter, the onerous
Articles of Confederation
, sought to chart their own, independent path. (Gilderlehrman, n.d.) As a result, in 1787 disgruntled colonists sent delegates to Philadelphia in order to revise the dysfunctional Articles of Confederation. Yet, in a radical departure, most delegates decided not to amend the current constitution, but instead to craft a new Constitution. (OConnor & Sabato, 2019)
During the four month Constitutional Convention the delegates readily agreed upon James Madison’s basic premise of a new, United States government delineated along three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. That said, most delegates envisioned a strong legislative body and a weak executive office. (Maier, 2011)
Today, many historians and political scientists argue that the institution of the presidency has dramatically increased in power since the end of WWII at the expense of Congress.
This notion of a modern, expansive presidential power, stands in steadied contrast to Congress’ Constitutional ability to “check” the executive branch.
The U.S Congress has three, broad powers that, as per the founding fathers, act as a “check” against the executive branch:
Lawmaking Power
. Only Congress can propose and pass legislation.
An example of Congress’s lawmaking function is the
Declaration of War with Japan of 1941
. More information about Congress’s ability to declare war can be found on the official
House of Representatives’ website
.
Budgetary Power
. Only Congress has the authority to pass and fund the federal budget. Whereas the president request monies for the federal bureaucracies, Congress actually controls the purse strings.
An example of Congress’s budgetary function is the
Congressional Budget Act of 1974
. More information about the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 can be found on the official
House of Representatives’ website
.
Oversight Power
. As per Whitehouse.gov, “Oversight of the executive branch is an important Congressional check on the President’s power and a balance against his discretion in implementing laws and making regulations. A major way that Congress conducts oversight is through hearings. The House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform and the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs are both devoted to overseeing and reforming government operations, and each committee conducts oversight in its policy area.” (Whitehouse, 201.
Washington DC - National Guard Presence - Inauguration - Citizen Journalist A...The Free School
https://journalistethics.com/
Download this document free at this link
This article is a citizen journalist account from on the ground in DC about the mass deployment of national guard and police around Capitol Hill. This article debunks fake news Fox, whose fake news aims to dramatize this event, pushing a narrative of fear, doom and violence.
File available for download at
https://journalistethics.com/
This dossier provides an online point of reference for all known official court documents that relate to legal challenges against Electoral College results from America’s 2020 Federal Election.
Web links point to reputable official databases such as a court .gov website or a recognized law authority such as Justia. All documents obtained from non.gov sources have been cross referenced for accuracy. Some privately issued official court documents are not yet available via .gov sites. Reduction in staffing for the festive season
Shutdown and COVID19 may explain this. This directory has three main parts. Part A lists cases that were filed prior to the Federal Election
on November 3, 2020. Part B lists cases that were filed after the Federal Election on November 3, 2020. Both sections list these cases by state jurisdiction, in A-to-Z alphabetical order. Part C annexes a page of the website titled ‘Democracy Docket’. This directory lists cases that relate to Federal Election challenges that predate 2019. Most of these cases are not listed in Parts A or B. This booklet guides readers to consult official documents at the source to freely draw informed
conclusions. Corrupt, phony entities such as Wikipedia and mainstream corporate fake news such as CNN and The New York Times are biased. They selectively cite and omit developments. This dossier is correct as of December 29, 2020. Any omissions or errors are honest oversights.
Key words : Sidney Powell, Donald Trump, Rudolph Giuliani, Democrats, Republican, US Supreme Court, Dominion, Voting Machines, foreign interference, ballots, covid 19, covid-19, coronavirus, supreme court
Pfizer Coronavirus COVID19 Fake Eugenics VaccineThe Free School
Book available for download free at:'
https://journalistethics.com/
This book is about the fake COVID19 coronavirus vaccine created by Pfizer.
Pfizer, vaccine, vaccines, eugenics, pandemic, covid19, covid-19, scam, fake, coronaviruses, revelation, book of revelation, mark of the beast, australia, america
Creative Writing Handbook - Mastering all GenresThe Free School
Authors, authoring, authorship, author, writer, writers, writing, creative, creativity, creative writing, publish, publisher, self-publish, self publish, lulu, publisher, publishers, book, books, isbn, international standard book number, poems, poetry, poet, poets.
This handbook aids to motivate and guide writers to master all genres. These genres include:
Rants (48), Recognitions (50), Recollections (54), Records (55), Regulations (57), Releases
(59), Religious (61), Reports (63), Reporters (65), Research (67), Résumés (69), Reviews
(72), Rhymes (75), Roles (77), Romances (79), Rubrics (81), Recitals (83)
This book is suitable to support Creative Writing 101 courses at graduate and undergraduate college courses.
https://journalistethics.com/
Book available at this link (c) Jyonah Jericho
Premise
Every once in a blue moon, we may be lucky to engage a person who shares a simple,
memorable idea that guides us positively for life. A June afternoon in Sydney, Australia
2008 is an exemplary example of such rare encounters.
“Got the day off from work today have ya?” I said to our building’s newest
resident with a warm smile in the underground garbage depot. It was the first time that
we had crossed paths within speaking distance since he moved in a few weeks prior.
I rarely accost unknown people for casual banter nowadays. Maybe it’s me, but I
often receive a subtle frown, silence, a stony-faced vague reply, or a combination thereof.
“Nah, buddy” the stranger replied with a more generous grin. “I work-from-home
and write best sellers” he said.
It was refreshing to receive a positive energy reply, even a showoff one like this. I
could tell from his instant mega smile that this neighbor is a people lover – an extrovert.
Mister mid-40s in flannelette pajamas proudly produced a check out of his shabby
once white bathrobe pocket and flashed it before my face. “I just got this $25,000 advance
today from my publisher for my next bestseller” he boasted shamelessly.
A modest man I thought. I intuitively liked him less than I did five seconds prior.
“Cool” I replied. “What sort of books do you write?” I asked as we walked in synch
towards the elevator.
“Detective crime stories and that sorta stuff” he said.
“I admire fiction book writers” I replied earnestly as we entered the elevator. Must
be a lot harder than just writing short academic articles like I do” I said.
“Academic hey”, he said, eyebrows raised as he made intimate eye-to-eye
contact for the first time. “I’m studying English Lit at Sydney and would love to pick
your brains for ideas sometime soon” he said.
“Yeh, let’s meet up over drinks and swap notes” I said.
“Definitely. How about the Bank Bar?” he answered.
“Great choice” I said as my neighbor fumbled his keys in Apartment 501’s keyhole.
“How about today after lunch at 3?” he asked.
“Sure, see you in the garden bar at three” I said as I walked towards my door, 506.
Recognitions
The lives and accomplishments of individuals and entities can be acknowledged and
celebrated in public domains in several ways. Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) is
an example of a famed institution that no longer exists since 1991. RIP Pan Am.
Obituaries and eulogies are popular written formats that celebrate the lives of people who
have passed. The 408 words article overleaf titled ‘Motown Chic’ is a tribute to the late
Nina Simone. The word ‘tribute’ may convey a less morbid connotation than alternatives
such as In Memoriam. Public tributes may honor the living and those who have passed.
https://journalistethics.com/george-floyd/
Download this book free at this link.
This book is about what this author neutrally terms the
‘George Floyd Event’. It contains two distinct parts.
This introductory segment contains seven discussion
sections that establishes this text’s objective and scope. It
outlines tools available to critical thinkers and researchers
that may enable us to draw better conclusions than the lies
propagated by fake news such as CNN and Snopes. The final
section tables dozens of critical questions in context.
Annex 1 bullet points seven questions that may arouse the
curiosity of independent researchers. The core objective of
this document seeks to guide novice media researchers
towards the basic skills and primary evidence that leads
humanity to draw well-informed, free-willed conclusions.
Analysis centers around the theme of numbers. Numerical
inquiry allows us to objectively measure facts and fiction.
Quantifiable information may be the key that unlocks the
many enigmas that underpin the tragic George Floyd even
george floyd, george perry floyd jr, derek chauvin, thomas lane, j alexander kueng, tou thao, minnesota, minneapolis, riots, black lives matter, minnesota police department, murder, race, racism, hennepin, hennepin county, donald trump, democrats, trial, court, neck, false flag, fake news, darnella frazier, george, floyd, ben crump, coronavirus, coroner, autopsy, black lives matter, blm, george, floyd
NESARA GESARA : Global Currencies Reset, 2020 (Free Book)The Free School
Download free direct at the link above:
NESARA National Economic Security and Reformation Act
National Economic Stabilization and Recovery Act
National Economic Security and Recovery Act
NESSA National Economic Security Strategy Act (2018) (Unenacted Bill)
GESARA May substitute the word ‘National’ for ‘Global’ in NESARA acronyms above.
Annex 1 NESARA ‘Folk Lore’ Bill (Circa 1999). p. 35
Annex 2 Coronavirus Aid Relief Economic Security Act (CARES) Act (2020) p. 124
Annex 3 S.2757 - National Economic Security Strategy Act of 2018 p. 372
Annex 4 America’s Constitution p. 382
This book is about the enigmatic NESARA. It contains four
parts beyond this summary page.
The next segment, the largest, contains six sub-sections.
Discussion centers on post June 2019 political and economic
developments as publicly reported by a range of sources.
Part Three examines alternative news sources that outline
information that is implicitly and explicitly relevant to the
essence of the fabled NESARA global economic reset model.
The penultimate chapter places NESARA in the Coronavirus
COVID-19 false flag, black swan ‘plannedemic’ context.
The conclusion centers on policy and financial developments
that are unfolding in real-time that are relevant to the
possible implementation of a stealth version of NESARA.
Discussion centers around America’s place in a local financial
reset. Any version of NESARA that involves America is bound
to have profound transnational implications.
NESARA GESARA Global Currency Reset
This page is about the theory of a NESARA global currency reset. This page serves as a forum to exchange ideas and information about NESARA. This acronym noun, NESARA, is known by various names such as: The National Economic Stabilization and Recovery Act, National Economic Security and Reformation Act and National Economic Security and Recovery Act (NESARA). GESARA is a global version of NESARA. NESARA is an American-centric concept that is attributed to Dr. Harvey Francis Barnard.
Social distancing, drain the swamp, harvey barnard, harvey francis barnard, drain the swamp, donald trump, china, america, beijing, washington, nesara, gesara, NESARA National Economic Security and Reformation Act, National Economic Stabilization and Recovery Act,
National Economic Security and Recovery Act
Bitcoin one world currency digital currency cryptocurrency
N.E.S.A.R.A.
G.E.S.A.R.A.
Coronavirus COVID-19 Research Handbook (Free)The Free School
https://journalistethics.com/
Download this handbook free at the link above.
This free book is about Coronavirus COVID19. This free book is a comprehensive list of media and medical themes that surround this false flag fake news pandemic. It invites readers to adopt a critical reflective approach to reviewing information about Coronavirus COVID-19.
Coronavirus, COVID-19, COVID19, Coronavirus COVID-19, virus, sars, sudden acute respiratory syndrome, CDC, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO, World Heath Organization, European Center for Disease Control, Social distancing, Donald Trump, Hydroxychloroquine, Wuhan, China, Anthony Fauci, Deborah Birx, Tedros Adhanom, Bill Gates, Vaccine, Vaccines, global financial reset, NESARA, Pandemic
This book is about the Coronavirus COVID-19 ‘event’. It is an
inventory of dominant news themes. Researchers may draw
on these topics to conduct free inquiries into COVID-19.
This text contains six major sections beyond its global
perspective introduction. The next part critically examines
COVID-19 healthcare coding and treatment practices.
The third segment outlines critical thinking research skills
that may aid free-willed COVID-19 news reporters.
Part Four examines geo-political undercurrents for the six
main players: China, Italy, Iran, Korea, the UK, and Spain.
The penultimate component explores the alleged epicenter
of the economic and human impact of COVID-19: America.
This book’s summary explores four popular theories about
the core who, what, when, where, why, and how riddles that
torment those why try to decrypt the COVID-19 scam.
The World Health Organization has apparently explained the origin of the name COVID-19 which it awarded to this newly recognized strain of the Coronavirus family.
Coronavirus COVID 19 is a novel pandemic.
https://journalistethics.com/
Free to download at this site
Project Looking Glass
Looking Glass Project may overlap with
Project Montauk, Project Pegasus etc
Project Looking Glass does not officially exist
Stephen Watkins ir0nbelly twitter account ir0nbelly
Qpost 3094
Q !!Hs1Jq13jV6 ID: 6290eb No.8589057 📁
Mar 27 2020 15:58:17 (EST)
https://twitter.com/Ir0nbelly/status/1243635945045479426📁
This is not another [4] year election.
Q
john trump, dr john trump, mit, Massachusetts institute of technology, tesla, nikola tesla, time travel, free energy, Montauk, project Montauk, looking glass, project looking glass, timeline 1, yellow cube, Hillary Clinton, Donald trump, president, baron trump’s marvelous underground journey, the last president, military, America, area 51, Nevada, s4, area s4, deep underground military base, dumb, technology, physics, aliens, ufo, space force, q, qanon,
Q !!Hs1Jq13jV6 ID: 6290eb No.8589057 📁
Mar 27 2020 15:58:17 (EST)
https://twitter.com/Ir0nbelly/status/1243635945045479426📁
This is not another [4] year election.
Q
https://journalistethics.com/
Free book available at this link
This free book is about the Coronavirus COVID-19 false flag fake pandemic that is a cover for the controlled demolition of the SWIFT financial system.
Coronavirus Fake Pandemic - Economic Reset False Flag; 12 March 2020The Free School
https://journalistethics.com/
Free book available at this link
Pandemic, coronavirus, coronavirus, covi19, flu, influenza, vaccine, who, world health organization, vaccine, china, wuhan, wuhan province, china, america, italy, iran, travel ban, stock market, wall street, false flag, president trump, ji xinping
CORONA VIRUS COVID-19 False Flag Scam Free BookThe Free School
https://journalistethics.com/
Free book available at this link
This book is about the fake pandemic Coronavirus (also known as Corona Virus) COVID 19. In a similar vein to the ridiculously over hyped Swine Flu and Bird Flu, CoronaVirus is just another fake news media over hyper designed to frighten the masses - colloquially known as fear porn. The sinking Rothschild Banking Crime family are most likely conspirators, alongside the arch beneficiary - Beijing.
Coronavirus, Corona Virus, COVID 19, pandemic, respiratory virus, virus, Wuhan, CDC, Center for Disease Control, America, China, Beijing, Donald Trump, Xi Jinping, biowarfare, panic, fear porn, Swine Flu, Bird Flu
The goal of this fake news campaign aims to collapse Wall Street, also known as Financial/Economic warfare.
https://journalistethics.com/
This book is about the House of Windsor human trafficking and child sex trafficking mafia crime family. A free link to this book is available at the link above.
Buckingham Palace, House of Windsor, Pedophilia, David Icke, Jeffrey Epstein, William, Queen Elizabeth, Harry, Kate, Meghan
https://journalistethics.com/
Free book available at this site.
Project Blue Beam, coming soon to a sky near you.
Key words : Project Blue Beam Serge Monast Deep State
This free book is about Project Blue Beam also known as Project Enoch. Project Blue Beam has not been confirmed as an official NASA project.
Project Blue Beam, Blue Beam, Serge Monast, NASA, Military, False Flag, Hologram, Rapture, Christianity, Jesus Christ, Religion, Messiah, Profit, Second Coming, Revelation
FEMA Camps, Second Amendment, United Nations, Serge Monast Rapture Christian America Hologram Holopgrahic Projection Direct Energy Military
New World Order One World Government New Age
Aliens UFO UFOs Unidentified Flying objects
Unidentified aerial phenomena
https://journalistethics.com/
Download free book at this web page
Inspired in part the by the Movie the Matrix, Keanu Reeves 1999
This book looks at ways to escape the Matrix of global slavery control.
Declare Independence, AMERICA (Dec. 2019 - FREE BOOK)The Free School
This free book is about America’s covert second War of
Independence. This Mother of all Battles is climaxing.
This text contains five main sections. The first segment
provides historical context for this revolutionary war.
The second part, ‘Marionettes’, names the five major agents
who control and contest America’s subjugation to foreign
enemies. The following section examines the tools and
tactics employed by these dark actors.
The fourth chapter titled ‘Multi-institutional’ delves deeper.
Analysis looks at how agents embedded in the frontline of
America’s economy and society act to subordinate her
destiny to a globalist Deep State crime cartel.
Concluding discussions aims to summarize the present
status of America’s invisible Second Revolution as at early
December 2019. All vessels voyage to Venice.
QAnon, President Donald J Trump, Deep State, Vatican
Can YOU believe, they put a man on the Moon ? Free book; 2019The Free School
This book is about the fate of the Apollo 11 spacecraft.
This text contains six main sections. The first segment
outlines the history of the Apollo 11 mission as
chronicled by mainstream media narratives and NASA.
The second part explores technological arguments that
support and challenge official Apollo 11 narratives. The
following section focuses on physical evidence that is
grounded on planet Earth and the Moon’s surface. The
chapter titled ‘Troops’ is about evidence offered by
those who engaged directly with the Apollo 11 mission.
I next discuss how and why NASA destroyed artefacts
related to the Apollo 11 craft and mission.
The final segment looks at the bigger picture of what
this Moon landing represents to those who aggressively
defend or question the authenticity of Apollo 11’s fate.
NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, michael collins, buzz aldrin, neil armstrong, USA, America, rocket, 1969, One small step for man one giant leap for mankind, fake, hoax, conspiracy, fraud, Elon Musk SpaceX, Mars, TESLA, Space Force, Donald Trump, military, China
9/11. 119 Questions. Q1 : Where did the planes' debris go? Free Book, October...The Free School
https://journalistethics.com/
Free book available for download at this link above.
911- 119 Questions. Free 277 pages book dated October 2019. This research project documents 100 of the most critical aspects of the 911 events and orders them into a single volume. This document may contain the most comprehensive catalog of issues of interest to those who question official narratives about 911.
This book offers a thorough introduction into a matured research area that I label ‘Alternative 911 Narratives’. It exposes readers to crux and peripheral issues. You may find a few extra trivia topics in other domains. To note every bizarre coincidence and contradiction about 911 official narratives would splurge this book far beyond 119 questions. This book’s format is mostly visual. It avoids in-depth discussions that require university-level discipline specific knowledge. May you draw on this text to conduct independent, free willed inquiry based on the images, themes and open-access references provided. After reading this text, may you next consider matters such as ‘who masterminded 911?’ and ‘why did they do so?’. Afterall, establishing context is King, or Queen. This book is about four commercial airplanes that suffered a tragic fate on September 11, 2001 in the United States of America. This watershed historical event is commonly known as 911. The number 119 is an inversion of 911. This book invites people to question official narratives propagated by those who control public information. These agencies include governments and their allies such as corporate media, government funded universities and statutory commissions. This book is structured into six further sections. This section outlines official 911 narratives. The next part titled ‘White Ants’ explores 911 narratives in deeper detail, as chronicled by corporate media, Hollywood, Engineering societies and Congress Commissions. Part 4, ‘White Flags’ explores the USA PATRIOT Act (2001) enacted by Congress on October 26, 2001. Part Five, titled ‘White Papers’ explores alternative 911 narratives. The concluding sections summarize these discussions. Part seven examines the argument that the unresolved 911 and 311 justice projects are the Holy Grail of a one tier justice system in America and beyond. Please take nothing for granted in this book. Was John Lear a CIA pilot? Does Judy Wood hold a PhD? I have no idea. These noble people exist in cyberspace. This matrix is one sick psy-op.
NORAD World Trade Center Twin Towers North Tower South Tower Bush Cheney
911 Commission 9/11 Commission Report September 11 2001
Donald Trump - Nostradamus Governor of the Army ProphecyThe Free School
This book explores the Nostradamus Century III Number 81 prophecy.
Le grand criard sans honte audacieux,
Sera esleu gouuerneur de l'armee:
La hardiesse de son contenteur
Le pont rompu, cité de pur pasmee.
The great shameless, audacious bawler,
He will be elected governor of the army:
The boldness of his contention,
The bridge broken, the city faint from fear.
President Donald Trump Nostradamus prophecy
Julian Assange, Wikileaks - News Cop or Psy Op? FREE BOOK. 2019.The Free School
This book is about Julian Assange and Wikileaks. This Australian citizen and his global news
agency are household names. For many, their basic narrative requires no introduction. This text
takes nothing for granted. Part 1 of this volume titled ‘Who’ defines Assange’s narrative.
Part two of this book outlines the personal and professional accomplishments of Julian Assange
with reference to his Wikileaks related ventures. The following two parts explore ‘where’ and
‘when’ matters concerning the same context. This section concludes by presenting a bullet point
summary of key milestones of Julian Assange’s involvement with Wikileaks since 2006.
Parts five to ten of this book explore Wikileaks as an institution. I examine its objectives, ideology,
modus operandi at the organizational level, separate to its founder, Julian Assange. This section
also explores victories, external criticisms and setbacks of Wikileaks over the past 13 years.
The next demarcated section titled ‘Witch hunt’ examines accusations that Wikileaks has
engaged in gross journalistic misconduct and other transnational crimes.
I conclude this book by examining recent developments that concern Julian Assange and
Wikileaks as at mid-August 2019.
Julian Assange, Julian Paul Assange, Wikileaks, Wikileaks.org
RIGHTS OF VICTIM EDITED PRESENTATION(SAIF JAVED).pptxOmGod1
Victims of crime have a range of rights designed to ensure their protection, support, and participation in the justice system. These rights include the right to be treated with dignity and respect, the right to be informed about the progress of their case, and the right to be heard during legal proceedings. Victims are entitled to protection from intimidation and harm, access to support services such as counseling and medical care, and the right to restitution from the offender. Additionally, many jurisdictions provide victims with the right to participate in parole hearings and the right to privacy to protect their personal information from public disclosure. These rights aim to acknowledge the impact of crime on victims and to provide them with the necessary resources and involvement in the judicial process.
NATURE, ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.pptxanvithaav
These slides helps the student of international law to understand what is the nature of international law? and how international law was originated and developed?.
The slides was well structured along with the highlighted points for better understanding .
Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
Introducing New Government Regulation on Toll Road.pdfAHRP Law Firm
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WINDING UP of COMPANY, Modes of DissolutionKHURRAMWALI
Winding up, also known as liquidation, refers to the legal and financial process of dissolving a company. It involves ceasing operations, selling assets, settling debts, and ultimately removing the company from the official business registry.
Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of winding up:
Reasons for Winding Up:
Insolvency: This is the most common reason, where the company cannot pay its debts. Creditors may initiate a compulsory winding up to recover their dues.
Voluntary Closure: The owners may decide to close the company due to reasons like reaching business goals, facing losses, or merging with another company.
Deadlock: If shareholders or directors cannot agree on how to run the company, a court may order a winding up.
Types of Winding Up:
Voluntary Winding Up: This is initiated by the company's shareholders through a resolution passed by a majority vote. There are two main types:
Members' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is solvent (has enough assets to pay off its debts) and shareholders will receive any remaining assets after debts are settled.
Creditors' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is insolvent and creditors will be prioritized in receiving payment from the sale of assets.
Compulsory Winding Up: This is initiated by a court order, typically at the request of creditors, government agencies, or even by the company itself if it's insolvent.
Process of Winding Up:
Appointment of Liquidator: A qualified professional is appointed to oversee the winding-up process. They are responsible for selling assets, paying off debts, and distributing any remaining funds.
Cease Trading: The company stops its regular business operations.
Notification of Creditors: Creditors are informed about the winding up and invited to submit their claims.
Sale of Assets: The company's assets are sold to generate cash to pay off creditors.
Payment of Debts: Creditors are paid according to a set order of priority, with secured creditors receiving payment before unsecured creditors.
Distribution to Shareholders: If there are any remaining funds after all debts are settled, they are distributed to shareholders according to their ownership stake.
Dissolution: Once all claims are settled and distributions made, the company is officially dissolved and removed from the business register.
Impact of Winding Up:
Employees: Employees will likely lose their jobs during the winding-up process.
Creditors: Creditors may not recover their debts in full, especially if the company is insolvent.
Shareholders: Shareholders may not receive any payout if the company's debts exceed its assets.
Winding up is a complex legal and financial process that can have significant consequences for all parties involved. It's important to seek professional legal and financial advice when considering winding up a company.
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3. Part 1 Military Tribunals: Introduction p. 1
Branches of law p. 2
Case study: Associate Justice Brett Kavanaugh, SCOTUSA p. 4
Part 2 Military Tribunals: Historical context p. 8
International p. 8
United States of America p. 10
Case study: President Abraham Lincoln p. 11
Part 3 Military Tribunals: USA p. 12
Sources of law p. 12
Procedures p. 14
Censorship p. 15
First Amendment p. 16
Jurisdiction p. 17
Treason and espionage p. 18
Case study: CNN, colleagues, et al. p. 20
Part 4 Military Tribunals: Critical research methods p. 21
Case study: Scrutinizing legal documents p. 23
Part 5 Military Tribunals: Ethical journalism p. 24
FLOATSFAIR templates p. 25
Illustration article: QAnon and GITMO goes global p. 30
Current Military Tribunals – USA p. 35
Case study: Factcheck sites p. 36
Feature case Guantanamo Bay p. 37
Index, References p. 38
List of Tables and Figures p. iii
4. List of Tables and Figures
Table 1 Five branches of law – a popular categorization p. 3
Table 2 Sources of American Military Law p. 13
Table 3 Selected First Amendment exceptions p. 16
Table 4 Critical-thinking – Questioning data sources p. 22
Figure 1 SCOTUSA Senate Committee (Lindsey Graham) p. 4
Figure 2 SCOTUSA Senate Committee (Brett Kavanaugh) p. 4
Figure 3 Nuremberg Trials p. 8
Figure 4 Re: The assassination of President Lincoln (military patriots) p. 11
Figure 5 Re: The assassination of President Lincoln (traitor executions) p. 11
Figure 6 Examples of redacted Federal documents (FISA) p. 14
Figure 7 Examples of redacted Federal documents (Vaccinations) p. 14
Figure 8 Mainstream media reporting of Military Tribunals p. 20
Figure 9 Jeff Sessions’s resignation letter p. 23
Figure 10 FLOATSFAIR – Summary checklist p. 25
Figure 11 Ethical Journalism: Fairness p. 26
Figure 12 Ethical Journalism: Legal Compliance p. 26
Figure 13 Ethical Journalism: Accuracy p. 27
Figure 14 Ethical Journalism: Transparency p. 28
Figure 15 Ethical Journalism: Freedom p. 28
Figure 16 Ethical Journalism: Acknowledgement p. 29
Figure 17 Ethical Journalism: Responsibility p. 29
Not numbered The New York Times: QAnon and Mike Pence p. 30
Not numbered QAnon post 327 p. 31
Not numbered QAnon post 2583 p. 32
Not numbered FLOATSFAIR matrix: QAnon and GITMO article p. 34
Figure 18 U.S. v. Khalid Shaikh Mohammed et al. p. 35
Figure 19 SNOPES.com p. 36
Figure 20 C-Vine GITMO Military Tribunals Report p. 37
5. 1
Part 1 Military Tribunals: Introduction
This text is about Military Tribunals. Discussions center on the Military Justice System of the
sovereign nation, the United States of America (USA). This book pursues four core objectives. It:
Defines Military Tribunals;
Compares Military Law and Civil Law;
Outlines sources of law that underpin America’s Military Tribunal system;
Introduces a ‘critical legal research methods’ and an ‘ethical journalism’ template.
This book is written for those with zero to little knowledge of Military Tribunals. It synthesizes
primary data documents to draw inferences based on authoritative sources. Examples include
the website of America’s Federal Attorney General and Presidential Executive Orders (EO).
This book aims to arm reporters with the basic tools needed to draw informed opinions about
media coverage of Military Tribunals. The author of this book is not an attorney or a paralegal.
Readers of this book may choose to ignore my use of the instructive word ‘should’. Please freely
conduct your own research and consult independent, quality sources to reach your conclusions.
Discussions are American-centric. They occur in the context of Western cultural norms and legal
frameworks. This compromise framework aims to accommodate American and international
court reporters who attend and report Military Tribunals within America’s sovereign jurisdictions.
6. 2
Branches of law
I argue that there are five branches of court enforced laws in most Western nations’ legal
systems. Table 1 overleaf discusses these branches of law: Civil, Criminal, Military, Constitutional
and International. This five-prong classification is contested. Many scholars argue that laws in
most Western nations are broadly classifiable by its two main bodies: Criminal Law and Civil Law.
Criminal Law
Criminal Law refers to statutory offences. Rape and murder are examples of felonies, i.e. major
crimes that invariably result in incarceration when perpetrators are convicted. Petty theft is an
example of a minor crime that rarely results in incarceration for a first offence. Bills enacted by
congress/parliaments are the main source of law that judges consult when they assess the guilt
or innocence of those accused of crimes and the penalties that they impose on those found guilty.
Civil Law
Civil Law refers to a body of law that aims to remedy non-criminal injustices imposed by one
private party against another entity. A party/entity can be a natural living person or a deceased
person’s estate. A party/entity also includes numerous lawfully registered bodies such as
charities, partnerships and corporations. Breach of contract and defamation are famed examples
of Civil Law. Remedies normally involve payment of financial compensation to the wronged party.
7. 3
Two major jurisdictions in the USA oversee all branches of law: the 50 states (e.g. Utah) and the
Federal Government. Military Law is a distinct branch of America’s Federal Legal Justice System.
A problem with the two pronged Civil–Criminal classification is that it marginalizes the
complexities of Military Law, by categorizing it is a branch of Criminal Law. Table 1 and this book
overcome the limits of this simplification by discussing unique aspects of five branches of law.
Table 1: Five branches of law – a popular categorization
Body of Law Core feature
1. Civil Concerns private disputes between persons and lawful entities.
2. Criminal Covers minor statutory infringements and felony offences.
3. Military An internal justice system administered by a military institution such as the
United States Armed Forces (see Chapter 3). America’s Military Court of
Appeal is subordinate to the Supreme Court of the United States of
America. The President of the United States of America (POTUSA) may
pardon any person convicted by America’s Military and Supreme Court.
4. Constitutional The Constitution of the United States of America, including its
Amendments, are the emanating source of America’s Constitutional Law.
The Supreme Court of the United States of America (SCOTUSA) is the
authority that interprets and protects America’s Constitution.
5. International This is a large and complex body of law. United Nations Treaty Law and
Bilateral/Multilateral Treaties are major components of this body of law.
8. 4
Case study: Associate Justice Brett Kavanaugh, SCOTUSA
On 6 October 2018, the appointment of SCOTUSA Associate Justice Brett Kavanaugh was
confirmed by the United States Senate by a margin of two votes (50-48). During the Senate
hearings, Justice Kavanaugh was asked a series of questions about American Military Law by
Senator Lindsey Graham. The nature of this exchange is unprecedented in America’s modern
history. SCOTUSA appointees are rarely questioned in detail about the technical specifics of
America’s Military Justice System by any member of a Senate Justice Committee.
The specifics of this exchange appear verbatim in the indented text overleaf. Figures 1 and 2
below are still images from this Senate Committee exchange.
Figure 1 and 2: SCOTUSA Senate Committee (Nominee, Brett Kavanaugh)
Discussions in the transcript overleaf commence at around 2:54:50 in the Senate Committee
public video footage listed in this book’s References section (Judiciary Senate Committee, 2018).
9. 5
Lindsey Graham and Brett Kavanaugh – Transcript
GRAHAM: So when somebody says post-9/11 that we've been at war and it's called the
War on Terrorism, do you generally agree with that concept?
KAVANAUGH: I do Senator because Congress passed the Authorization for Use of
Military Force, which is still in effect and that was passed of course on September 14th,
2001, three days later.
GRAHAM: Let's talk about the law in war. Is there a body of law called the law of armed
conflict?
KAVANAUGH: There is -- there is such a body, Senator.
GRAHAM: Is there a body of law that's called the basic criminal law?
KAVANAUGH: Yes, Senator.
GRAHAM: Are there differences between those two bodies of law?
KAVANAUGH: Yes, Senator.
GRAHAM: From an American citizen's point of view, do your constitutional rights follow
you? If you're in Paris, does the Fourth Amendment protect you as an American from
your own government?
KAVANAUGH: From your own government, yes.
GRAHAM: OK. So if you're in Afghanistan, do your constitutional rights protect you
10. 6
against your own government?
KAVANAUGH: If you're an American if Afghanistan, you have constitutional rights
against the U.S. government.
GRAHAM: Is there a long-standing...
KAVANAUGH: That's -- that's long-settled law.
GRAHAM: Isn't there also a long-settled law that -- it goes back to Eisentrager case, I
can't remember the name of it.
KAVANAUGH: Yes, Johnson vs. Eisentrager.
GRAHAM: Right -- that American citizens who collaborate with the enemy have
considered enemy combatants?
KAVANAUGH: They can be.
GRAHAM: Can be.
KAVANAUGH: They can be. They're often -- some -- they're sometimes criminally
prosecuted, sometimes treated in the military sense.
GRAHAM: Well let's talk about can be. I think the ...
KAVANAUGH: Under a Supreme Court precedent ...
GRAHAM: Right.
11. 7
KAVANAUGH: Just want to make -- yeah.
GRAHAM: There's a Supreme Court decision that said that American citizens who
collaborated with Nazi saboteurs were tried by the military. Is that correct?
KAVANAUGH: That is correct.
GRAHAM: I think a couple of them were executed.
KAVANAUGH: Yeah.
GRAHAM: So if anybody doubts there's a long-standing history in this country that your
constitutional rights follow you wherever you go, but you don't have a constitutional
right to turn on your own government and collaborate with the enemy of the nation.
You'll be treated differently. What's the name of the case, if you can recall, that
reaffirmed the concept that you could hold one of our own as an enemy combatant if
they were engaged in terrorist activities in Afghanistan? Are you familiar with that case?
KAVANAUGH: Yeah, Hamdi.
GRAHAM: OK. So the bottom line is on every American citizen, though you have
constitutional rights but you do not have a constitutional right to collaborate with the
enemy. There's a body of law well developed long before 9/11 that understood the
difference between basic criminal law and the law of armed conflict.
Do you understand those differences?
KAVANAUGH: I do -- I do understand the -- there are different bodies of law, of course,
Senator.
12. 8
Part 2 Military Tribunals: Historical context
This chapter provides brief historical context about Military Tribunals after the end of the Second
World War. Analysis is Western-centric and focuses on Europe and the USA.
International
The Nuremberg Military War Crimes Trials are among the most famed modern example of a
Military Tribunal. These proceedings allegedly prosecuted the highest-ranking Nazi war criminals
in the aftermath of the Second World War. Figure 3 is an authentic image from these tribunals.
Figure 3: Nuremberg Trials
Military Tribunals, such as War Crimes prosecutions may claim that their interventions return
power to citizens by holding the most senior executive officials accountable for high domestic
crimes such as treason and crimes against humanity. Military Tribunals administer justice beyond
parliaments and civilian justice systems, which are prone to endemic corruption. These military
justice procedures ostensibly occur at a time when criminal national Executives are neutralized.
13. 9
The Nuremberg Trials were a series of Military Tribunals administered by the so-called Allied
Military Forces between 20 November 1945 and 1 October 1946. Principle Allied military forces
members included Great Britain, France, Canada and the USA. These Tribunals were held under
the auspices of International Law and the Laws of War. This court tried 22 senior-ranking Nazi
regime leaders. Penalties served ranged from 10-years of incarceration (Karl Dönitz) to execution
(e.g. Hermann Göring). Three defendants were acquitted (e.g. Hans Fritzsche).
I encourage critical-thinkers to investigate the following questions that relate to the Nuremberg
Trials and other watershed historical events that occurred in the aftermath of World War 11.
What was Operation Paperclip? Is America dealing with its fallout in 2019?
Was Adolf Hitler’s body recovered and identified by independent pathologists?
Did the Nuremberg Tribunals prosecute banking families that funded Nazis and allies?
Were any elite ruling powers prosecuted that were ranked higher than Heads of State?
Were these trials an act of military justice, a phony public display or something else?
Those who wish to learn more about Military Tribunals may consult a wider body of evidence
beyond the simplistic introduction in the sub-section above. The sources that you scrutinize could
relate to the specific jurisdiction that concerns your work and research interests.
14. 10
Sources that you may access include primary (original) and secondary (opinion) sources such as:
Encyclopedias (normally a secondary source)
National constitutions and legislation (normally a primary source)
Constitutional and Military Attorneys (normally a secondary source)
Military Tribunals case law (normally a primary source).
All encyclopedias are subject to deliberate bias and errors. Wikipedia, an open-editorial
encyclopedia, has possibly transformed into a biased, corrupt database. Certain master editors
may insert globalist, anti-American propaganda for high-stakes entries such as Military Tribunals.
USA
The adoption of the Constitution of the USA in 1788 bestowed the POTUSA leadership powers
during wartime in his/her capacity as Commander-in-Chief of America’s Armed Forces. This
power is enshrined in Article II, Section 2. This document authorizes America’s Congress to define
and prosecute offenses against the Law of Nations, pursuant to Article I, Section 8, Clause 10.
During the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), General George Washington ordered a
military commission to try Major John André. André, a British military officer, was accused of
espionage. This tribunal convicted him. This spy was executed by hanging on 2 October 1780.
15. 11
Case study: President Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln (Figure 4) served as the 16th POTUSA from 1861 until his assassination in 1865.
Figures 4 and 5: Re: The assassination of President Lincoln
The Lincoln Assassination Military Tribunals were a watershed moment in American history for
trying civilians in a Military Court (Curran, 1933). Prominent civilians tried and prosecuted in this
court were congressmen Benjamin Harris, Lambdin Milligan and Clement Vallandigham. All were
convicted. Harris was subsequently expelled from Congress. Civilians David Herold, Mary Surratt,
Lewis Powell and George Atzerodt were executed on 7 July 1865 for plotting and aiding the
execution of President Lincoln, as shown in Figure 5 (Congress Library, 1865).
There is an established body of American Law that confirms Military Tribunals may try civilians
that act as enemy combatants against the sovereign American State and violate the Law of War
during armed conflict, e.g., Ex parte Quirin (1942) (United States Court of Appeals, 2012).
Collaboration with America’s enemies during war time falls into this category (Kavanaugh, 2018).
16. 12
Part 3 Military Tribunals: USA
Military Tribunals in the USA are designed to try enemy agents during wartime. This forum
operates outside the scope of orthodox civil and criminal judicial hearings. Judges are military
officers and assume the role of jurors. Military Tribunals are distinguishable from court-martials.
A court-martial administers justice against serving military personnel, including uniformed
officers and civilian military personnel for breach of military discipline and Military Law.
Sources of law
US Military Law is governed by multiple partially independent sources. Table 2 overleaf
summarizes these sources. It is useful for citizen journalists who attend Military Tribunals to have
a basic understanding of these sources of law. Not all actions and deeds of leading courtroom
professionals are fair or lawful. Lead role participants such as judges, defense attorneys and
prosecutors may willingly or unwittingly violate official procedures and gain unfair advantage.
Attentive journalists should obtain the most complete records possible of tribunal proceedings
so they may critically evaluate the legitimacy of courtroom proceedings. Self-recorded notes and
audio recordings are examples. It is imperative that you clarify in writing what information from
tribunals you may lawfully capture and report. You may consult with military handbooks, caselaw
and journalist colleagues to evaluate the fairness and lawfulness of proceedings.
17. 13
Table 2: Sources of American Military Law
Unofficial source
1.
Operational Law Handbook (2018) (538 pages).
“The Operational Law Handbook is a “how to” guide for judge advocates practicing operational
law. It provides references and describes tactics and techniques for the practice of operational
law. The Handbook is not a substitute for official references.” (National Security Law Department,
2018, p. ii)
Official sources
1.
United States Constitution
The ultimate legal authority. Military Tribunals must respect the United States Constitution. The
same applies to all branches of Government: the Civilian Judiciary, Legislature and Executive.
2.
Presidential Executive Orders
POTUSA EO’s may lawfully shape various aspects that govern America’s Military Justice System.
An example is EO titled “2018 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States”. This
order is dated 1 March 2018 (White House, 2018).
3.
Judicial case law
Judges and juries are required to follow prior case law authorities from Military Tribunals. The
Supreme Court of the United States of America is the ultimate authority that oversees Military
Tribunals. The Supreme Court is not obligated to fully review any Military Tribunal decision.
4.
Statues
The Uniform Code of Military Justice (Air University, 2019b) is part of Federal American Law, per
United States Code, Title 10, Chapter 47 (Government Publishing Office, 2019).
5. Official military guidelines
Multiple documents may lawfully influence routine military procedures. These include base
standing orders. The Air University (2019a) website offers a comprehensive inventory of sources.
18. 14
Procedures
Citizen journalists and other observers who are invited to witness Military Tribunals must abide
by military justice procedures as all times. It is likely that journalists will be briefed in person and
provided with written guidelines. Those who breach protocols may face serious consequences
such as confiscation of media material, de-accreditation, expulsion and prosecution.
Some examples of protocols that may influence journalists’ work include conduct such as:
Bans from recording audio and/or visual aspects of some or all proceedings;
Agreeing to undergo personal searches as a condition of attending each hearing;
A requirement to remain silent and seated at some or all times during proceedings;
A ban on witnessing/reporting sensitive personal testimonies that discuss military secrets.
Figures 6 and 7 are examples of redacted text documents and images.
Figure 6 and 7 : Examples of redacted Federal documents
19. 15
Censorship
The content of some testimony must be withheld from the public in the short- to medium term
if this damages the national interest, such as economic security and the defense of the homeland.
The concealment of secret military technology is invariably a legitimate case of media censorship.
Journalists have a right to question censorship and redactions at the appropriate time, via the
correct channels. They should never fear to do so if they are acting in good faith. Most
governments are inherently cautious about releasing accurate information that may embarrass
their reputation, lose electoral votes or reduce political party donations.
Journalists who are hesitant to question their treatment may undermine the Military Tribunals
process and cause net harm to proceedings. The presence of independent, fair-minded, confident
journalists may reassure vested interests, such as the general public and non-governmental
organizations that America’s Military Tribunals are/were conducted in a fair and lawful manner.
It is normally legitimate for a journalist to inform their audience that they have been excluded
from viewing or discussing certain material in the general sense. It is advisable to consult a
suitably qualified attorney prior to publicizing written and spoken accounts of Military Tribunals.
A journalist acting in good faith may commit a crime or endanger national security inadvertently.
20. 16
First Amendment: Freedom of speech
The First Amendment to America’s Constitution (1789, First Amended 1791) states
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the
people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
The First Amendment empowers journalists to freely disseminate media content. This includes
original evidence, interpretations and casual opinions. SCOTUSA case law establishes that there
are legitimate exceptions to this principle. Table 3 simplifies and summarizes special cases.
Table 3: Selected First Amendment exceptions
Free speech exception: General principle
1. Incitement to commit crime is not protected.
2. Obscenity without foundation, such as artistic expression, is not protected.
3. Dissemination of child pornography is a crime and is not protected.
4. Speech that threatens, intimidates or arouses violence is not protected.
5. Disseminating material owned by others such as copyright lyrics is not protected.
6. Disseminating false advertising and false commercial claims is unlawful.
7. The right of prison authorities to restrict speech to uphold prisoner discipline.
8. Civil sector employees may not leak information that damages national security.
America’s Government and military institution have wide scope to restrict military personnel’s
speech. The SCOTUSA (1974) upheld this view in Parker v. Levy (1974). It stated that the military
is a "specialized society from civilian society". Journalists working in military domains should
consult authorities beyond Table 3. An open-access article by Congress Attorney Kathleen Ruane
(2014): ‘Freedom of Speech and Press: Exceptions to the First Amendment’ may be useful.
21. 17
Jurisdiction
It is common for Defense Attorneys in civil, criminal and military courts to challenge the
legitimacy of the court to try their client for one more crimes listed on the charge sheet. If a court
does not have jurisdiction to prosecute a defendant for a charge, this does not mean that the
accused is innocent. It means that a court from another family is authorized to try this matter.
For example, if a person prints fake United States Dollars in their family home in Hawaii, they
cannot be prosecuted for counterfeiting crimes in Hawaii’s state court system. Counterfeiting
USD on American soil is a Federal offense. These cases must be tried in a Federal American Court.
This section centers around the notion of “unlawful combatant” as discussed at the Senate
Hearing of SCOTUSA nominee Brett Kavanaugh. As confirmed by Justice Kavanaugh, the Johnson
vs. Eisentrager (SCOTUSA, 1950) case supports Senator Lindsey Graham’s argument “that
American citizens who collaborate with the enemy have [sic] considered enemy combatants”.
Journalists who agree to witness and report Military Tribunals need to evaluate if they can cope
when they see raw evidence and testimony that concern heinous crimes against humanity.
Examples may include defendants coordinating 911 terror events for financial gain. Current pre-
Military Tribunal hearings at Guantanamo Bay concern 911 terror crimes (see page 35). Evidence
shown to those in the courtroom and by teleconference may include gruesome graphics of the
most disturbing kind. Images may include audio-video footage of children and babies suffering.
22. 18
As confirmed by Lindsey Graham and Brett Kavanaugh (2018) the USA has remained at war with
an enemy of the state since 9/11. Criminal acts that are virtually always tried in civil courts may
be tried in Military Tribunals if these offenses have been used to finance war against the USA.
These may include human trafficking (including child trafficking), child sex slavery, child murders,
infanticide, charity fraud, money laundering, genocide, mass murder and racketeering.
Military prosecutors may frame such deeds as plots that purposefully funded war against
American citizens. Journalists should aim to follow legal arguments carefully and report the facts
as honestly and clearly as possible to enable those not in attendance to draw fair conclusions.
Treason
Treason against the United States of America is a Federal offence, per the following statute: 18
U.S. Code Chapter 115 - Treason, Sedition, and Subversive Activities, From Title 18 – Crimes and
Criminal Procedure (United States House of Representatives, 2019).
This opinion argued by former US Marine Corps and former CIA agent Robert Steele (2018)
echoes other public figures with experience in law enforcement and international security:
The Deep State is terrified of military tribunals. We are still in a state of war. Technically, it is legal right
now for military tribunals to take anybody who is considered an agent of a foreign power and try them
under a military tribunal rather than in a US court of law. I think that is the bottom line.
23. 19
It is possible that defense attorneys may argue that Military Tribunals do not have jurisdiction to
try American Citizens for treason. The author of this paper has no opinion on this matter as he
has no training or commercial experience in American Law specifically or Military Law generally.
Espionage
According to Section “906a. ART. 106a. Espionage” of the Uniform Code of Military Justice:
(A) (1) Any person subject to this chapter who, with intent or reason to believe that it is to
be used to the injury of the United States or to the advantage of a foreign nation,
communicates, delivers, or transmits, or attempts to communicate, deliver, or transmit, to
any entity described in paragraph (2), either directly or indirectly, any thing described in
paragraph (3) shall be punished as a court-martial may direct, except that if the accused is
found guilty of an offense that directly concerns (A) nuclear weaponry, military spacecraft or
satellites, early warning systems, or other means of defense or retaliation against large scale
attack, (B) war plans, (C) communications intelligence or cryptographic information, or (D)
any other major weapons system or major element of defense strategy, the accused shall be
punished by death or such other punishment as a court-martial may direct (Air University,
2019b).
Defense attorneys may challenge the jurisdiction of Military Tribunals to try American citizens for
espionage who are not former or current serving defense force members. Numerous public
discourses claim that non-military personnel who hold or held high-level security clearances are
subject to Military Law for serious crimes against the security of the USA such as espionage (e.g.
Herbig, 2017). This may include former and serving personnel from portfolios such as: the
Attorney General, National Security, Defense, Secretary of State and the White House.
24. 20
Case study: CNN, colleagues et al.
Some journalists state that there is a consensus among law scholars, attorneys and news agencies
that the USA may try its citizens before Military Tribunals for war crimes against the state. Per
Figure 8, CNN published Kayleigh McEnany’s opinion on this matter on 16 August 2016.
Figure 8: Mainstream media reporting of Military Tribunals
In the article above, McEnany (2016) argues:
Donald Trump has come under fire for recommending US citizens accused of
terrorism be prosecuted before military tribunals. But despite the criticism, Trump's
concerns are not only merited -- they are, in fact, within the bounds of the law.
Diligent researchers may examine whether the mainstream media continues to publish opinions
that support McEnany’s interpretation of US Military Law during 2019 and beyond. Independent
journalists should consider reporting corruption and contradiction among all media outlets.
25. 21
Part 4 Military Tribunals: Critical research methods
This research booklet uses critical-thinking and graduate level research methodologies to draw
inferences. It triangulates multiple data sources and multiple methods to validate findings.
To restate the paragraph above in layperson terms, the author of this book has consulted several
independent sources and compares this information to reach conclusions. It marginalizes the
influence of contaminated data such as false information, misleading statements, bias and errors.
Mention of these basic research methods principles above aims to guide critical-thinkers who
conduct their own independent legal research. Whether you agree with the research
methodologies and conclusions drawn in this document are of secondary importance. The
primary objective of this book seeks to empower media professionals to conduct free-willed,
rigorous research. May this book enable journalists to critically evaluate multiple quality, relevant
materials when they analyze proceedings and evidence that relates to Military Tribunals.
Table 4 overleaf offers an introduction to sound research methodologies. It also explains how the
critical researcher can successfully use this information to evaluate the reliability of original
primary source data such as official government policy documents. Original evidence is usually
more reliable than secondary data. An example of secondary data are YouTube news channel
videos that cites other agents’ research, such as international news articles published online.
26. 22
Table 4: Critical-thinking – Questioning data sources
Data principle Explanation and example
1. Bias Sources that are known or suspected to be influenced by a conflict-of-
interest should be ignored or analyzed with extreme caution.
Example: The official Military Tribunals Press Officer issues a routine
monthly media communique. The opening statements informs its
audience “The Fourth Wave Tribunals have progressed smoothly over the
past 30 days. No official complaints have been filed by defendants”.
Critical-thinking journalists should question this statement. The adjective
“smoothly” is subjective. It is possible that complaints have been filed by
other parties. Informal complaints may have been lodged verbally.
2. Errors
(accidental)
Data sources that are influenced by factual errors in content and opinions
should be ignored or analyzed with extreme caution.
Example: The Press Officer submits a biography of defendant John Doe to
the Press Corps in error. A journalist detects the error and requests for a
copy of the biography of Jonas Doe. The Press Officer responds: “Oops …
their biographies are similar – they are twin siblings – the John Doe profile
should be acceptable to consult in lieu”. This response is not acceptable.
Accuracy and procedural fairness are paramount in official justice forums.
3. Falsities
(deliberate)
Data sources that supply content that is deliberately fake should be
ignored in most cases or analyzed with extreme caution.
Example: A Junior Press officer willfully informs the Press Corps that
“there is no daily memorandum update to distribute today”. This officer is
embarrassed by the content of the daily memo. This false briefing should
be immediately reported to a superior, such as the Senior Press Officer.
4. Misleading Data sources that are influenced by misleading content should be ignored
or analyzed with extreme caution.
Example: A Military Defense Attorney states that John Doe has no criminal
record in the USA and reiterates this point during hearings. This statement
deliberately aims to detract from John’s extensive criminal record in other
nations. This criminal record may be worth emphasizing in news reports.
27. 23
Case study Scrutinizing legal documents
This letter shown in Figure 9 is signed by America’s Attorney General and is not dated (PBS, 2018).
Figure 9: Jeff Sessions’s resignation letter
Diligent journalists who report Military Tribunal proceedings should scrutinize all relevant
evidence. They should critically evaluate errors, omissions and misleading statements in context.
28. 24
Part 5 Military Tribunals: Ethical journalism
This section centers around a work titled “Ethical journalism: A comprehensive code of ethics
template to guide journalists in a ‘post-truth’ era” (Jericho, 2018). Free copies of this document
are accessible via the links in the references section of this text. This 86-page book may offer a
satisfactory introduction for novice media personnel requiring guidance about ethical journalism.
FLOATSFAIR
The above-mentioned book on ethical journalism (Jericho, 2018) provides a summary checklist
template that journalists may consult prior to conducting fieldwork and disseminating media
content. ‘FLOATSFAIR’ is an acronym for a 10-pronged checklist: fair, lawful, organizational
principles, accuracy, transparency, safety, freedom, acknowledgement, independence and
responsibility. Seven of these criteria are supported with detailed checklist templates: fair, lawful,
accuracy, transparency, freedom, acknowledgement and responsibility.
Copies of the summary (Figure 10) and detailed checklists appear overleaf. Discussions that
support these templates are in the ‘Ethical Journalism’ text. Please also cross-reference First
Amendment exemptions (i.e., see page 16). A higher duty of care is imposed on those who enter
secured military sites and witness Military Tribunals in court room or via video conference.
29. www.journalistethics.com
Ethical Journalism Template Yes No
1. Fairness. Uses hateful or degrading speech
Exploits disempowered persons/groups
2. Lawful. Abides by civil and statutory laws
3. Organization's publication charter is adhered to
4. Accuracy. Provides relevant context
Uses misleading or deceptive language
Emphasizes facts and avoids speculation
Triangulates and validates data sources
Explores reasonable counter arguments
Offers stakeholders the right to reply
Title reflects the substance of the content
Apologizes for and corrects prior inaccuracies
5. Transparency. Discloses conflicts-of-interest
Discloses primary and secondary sources
Pursues a non-disclosed or biased agenda
Employs psychological manipulation ('psy-ops')
6. Safety and health of stakeholders are respected
7. Freedom of speech and thought is promoted
8. Acknowledgement. Recognition of contributors
9. Independence. Content reflects author's opinion
10. Responsibility. Expert contributors are qualified
Emphasizes negativity, despair, defeatism
Signed: Journalist/s Approved: Editor/s
30. 26
Ethical journalism: Detailed templates
The asterisk * indicates the response that is most likely the ethical course-of-action.
Figure 11
Ethical Journalism: Fairness
Guideline Yes No
1. Uses hateful or degrading speech. *
2. Exploits disempowered persons/groups. *
3. Obtains permission to quote sources. *
4. Respects the dignity of others; avoids undue
humiliation, shaming and embarrassment.
*
5. Avoids pigeon-holing people by mentioning their
residential suburb, occupation, gender, age etc.
when this is not relevant to the issues reported.
*
6. Allows stories that are resolved to rest-in-peace. *
7. Content connects crimes and controversial actions
of private citizens to their friends, family and
associates, when there is no known connection to
these other parties.
*
Figure 12
Ethical Journalism: Legal Compliance
Guideline Yes No
1. Abides by Criminal Laws e.g. harassment. *
2. Abides by Statutory Laws e.g. false advertising. *
3. Abides by Civil Laws e.g. property rights. *
4. Minimizes exposure to Civil Tortious Laws,
e.g. Negligence, Defamation, Passing-off.
*
5. Honors contractual obligations. *
6. Abides by International Law. *
7. Uses SPAM to disseminate content. *
8. Offers an unsubscribe option for e-mail
recipients and other recipients.
*
31. 27
Figure 13
Ethical Journalism: Accuracy
Guideline Yes No
1. Quotes sources out-of-context. *
2. Provides relevant context to support content. *
3. Presents images in a truthful and relevant context. *
4. Uses language in a clear manner. *
5. Uses misleading, deceptive or pejorative language;
e.g. reports exceptional cases and overly generalizes.
*
6. Discloses/explains research methods. *
7. Triangulates data sources. *
8. Validates the accuracy of secondary data sources. *
9. Emphasizes facts and avoids speculation. *
10. Explores reasonable counter-arguments. *
11. Distinguishes between news facts and opinions. *
12. Uses evidence selectively and ignores data that does
not align with the desired narrative or outcome.
*
13. Manipulates people’s behavior and environmental
settings prior to taking a photo or video footage to
portray a preconceived image and/or narrative.
*
14. Offers stakeholders the right to reply in the current
content or in a forthcoming production.
*
15. Apologizes for and corrects prior inaccuracies. *
16. Title reflects the substance of the content. *
32. 28
Figure 14
Ethical Journalism: Transparency
Guideline Yes No
1. Avoids conflicts-of-interest. *
2. Discloses conflicts-of-interest. *
3. Discloses primary and secondary sources. *
4. Pursues a non-disclosed or biased agenda. *
5. Employs psychological manipulation ('psy-ops'). *
6. Identifies sponsors. *
7. Identifies all sources or offers a legitimate reason for
not identifying certain contributors.
*
8. Uses subtle contextualization of media content and
advertisements to secretly promote products.
*
9. Discloses all stakeholders that are related to the
content creator and publisher such as corporate
owners and major financial sponsors.
*
10. Avoids covert surveillance unless it is justifiable and
is approved by an authority e.g. Editorial Manager.
*
11. Media staff disclose their profession and employer
to interviewees and stakeholders prior to engaging.
*
Figure 15
Ethical Journalism: Freedom
Guideline Yes No
1. Encourages critical-thinking. *
2. Uses propaganda to argue the point. *
3. Encourages audiences to draw their own conclusions. *
4. Promotes freedom-of-speech and freedom-of-thought. *
5. Uses the law to place a voluntary or forced ‘gag-order’
on stakeholders that have an interest in the media content.
*
33. 29
Figure 16
Ethical Journalism: Acknowledgement
Guideline Yes No
1. Identifies data sources. *
2. Credits inspirational sources. *
3. Acknowledges collaborative content creators:
writers, producers, proofreaders, editors et al.
*
Figure 17
Ethical Journalism: Responsibility
Guideline Yes No
1. Avoids trial-by-media. *
2. Expert contributors are qualified. *
3. Emphasizes negativity, despair, defeatism. *
4. Duly acknowledges positive aspects of stories. *
5. Uses journalism for ‘entertainment only’ purposes. *
6. Uses language and style that is appropriate for the
intended audience.
*
7. Places the community interest and national interest
ahead of narrow vested interests such as for-profit
corporations, lobby groups and political parties.
*
8. Respects privacy and confidentiality of stakeholders;
only divulges sensitive information when there are
exceptional valid reasons such as protecting the
national interest (e.g. military defense).
*
9. Does not glamorize suicide. Reports suicides only
when there is a public interest. Provides a 24-hour
crisis phone contact when reporting suicides.
*
10. Contacts victims of crime or their family/associates
when they are experiencing grief in the immediate
aftermath of a traumatic encounter.
*
11. Obtains parental/guardian consent to interview
children and those with intellectual disabilities.
Interviews the vulnerable person cautiously and in
the presence of a responsible guardian.
*
12. Employs ‘checkbook’ journalism – pays informants
for providing information.
*
13. Publishers maintain an opinion and/or letters to the
editor section that encourages open dialogue.
*
34. 30
Illustration article QAnon and GITMO goes global by J. Jericho
During the first week of August 2018, the ‘Q-Anon’ phenomenon infiltrated mainstream mass
media for the first time. It did so with a viral vengeance. Articles by CNN, Rolling Stone (August
1st) and ABC News (August 8th) are among numerous stories reported by media giants that make
prominent this movement by describing QAnon as “mainstream” in their titles.
The image below is an extract from The New York Times’s (2018) report of the QAnon
phenomenon dated 4 December 2018. This article connects the QAnon phenomenon to a high-
profile public figure – America’s Vice President, Mike Pence.
News reporters and culture journalists from alternative and mainstream media are increasingly
fielding questions about Q from colleagues and the public. Their audiences are keen for the low-
down on the enigmatic ‘Q’. So, what exactly is this intriguing Q phenomenon about?
35. 31
Q is a series of semi-regular coded abstract posts that have appeared on 4Chan and 8Chan chat
boards since late 2017. The first QAnon post was uploaded on internet message board 4Chan on
28 October 2017. Over the past 16 months, this Q profile has uploaded circa 2,800 posts. From a
deeper political theory perspective, the QAnon sensation shows how Deep State theorists tend
to assume that insider information about covert, elite power ploys and plots requires decoding.
A consensus exists among coders that the QAnon user profile is updated by a team led by senior
patriotic members of America’s Military Intelligence that broadcasts timely information about
the global neutralization of the Deep State. These posts consistently forecast major political
events that are not public knowledge as proof of high-level political connections. These
repetitious successes supposedly prove that 4 and 8 Chan posts are real. It is mathematically
near-impossible for a hoaxer to repeatedly predict major geo-political events with such accuracy.
The image below is an example of a QAnon post (#327) that ostensibly has access to quality
intelligence about a Deep State sponsored event that occurred at a future date (8ch, 2017).
36. 32
QAnon decoders claim post 327 predicts that Bangladeshi national Akayed Ullah will be arrested
for attempting to coordinate a terrorist event in New York City. BDT is the international code for
Bangladesh’s currency. Ullah’s arrest occurred on 12 December 2017 in New York (CNN, 2017).
QAnon discussions frequently hint at the existence of current and imminent Military Tribunals
in America’s martial jurisdictions. Reporter Andrew Whalen (2018) captures this sentiment:
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
QAnon theorists hold that a hidden war against their political
enemies is afoot, with Donald Trump and his administration
spearheading secret tribunals.
Andrew Whalen, Newsweek, 5 December 2018
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
QAnon post 2583 dated 11 December 2018 is one example of many that hint at Military Tribunals
in America’s jurisdictions. “Graham” likely refers to Senator Lindsey Graham and “KAV” refers to
his Senate Judicial Committee exchange with SCOTUSA nominee Brett Kavanaugh (see page 4).
The ABC News (2001) link is an article dated 10 December 2001. This report takes place in the
aftermath of 911. It discusses the legitimacy of American civilians serving on Military Tribunals .
37. 33
Primary references
8ch.net (2017), Q !ITPb.qbhqo 12/11/17 (Mon) 12:23:09 4533cb (2),
<https://8ch.net/cbts/res/72735.html#73368>.
ABC News (2001), Civilians could serve on military tribunals,
<abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=92098&page=1>.
–––––– (2018), What is 'QAnon' and how the conspiracy theory gained mainstream attention,
<https://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/video/qanon-conspiracy-theory-gained-mainstream-
attention-57102544>.
Bort, R. (2018), As QAnon goes mainstream, Trump’s rallies are turning darker,
<https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/trump-qanon-705425/>.
Haag, M. (2018), Florida SWAT officer is demoted after wearing QAnon patch next to Mike
Pence, <nytimes.com/2018/12/04/us/swat-leader-qanon-patch.html>.
Mezzofiore, G. and Lear, J. (2018), From 8chan to YouTube and Trump rallies: how a right-wing
conspiracy theory is going mainstream. <https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/01/us/youtube-
qanon-8chan-conspiracy-theory-trnd/index.html>.
Whalen, A. (2018), QANON Says Dec. 5 Will be banner day for conspiracy theory, ‘The storm’
has yet to arrive, <https://www.newsweek.com/qanon-conspiracy-posts-trump-news-d5-
december-5-george-bush-storm-great-1245823>.
Secondary reference
CNN (2017), Akayed Ullah: What we know about the Manhattan explosion suspect,
<cnn.com/2017/12/11/us/ny-suspect-what-we-know/index.html>.
All internet web address references were viewed on 23 February 2019.
The image overleaf completes a summary FLOATSFAIR matrix for the QAnon article. Counter
arguments are indirect via language such as “ostensibly”, “supposedly” and “claim”. This caution
acknowledges the contestability of QAnon which may be a psychological operation (‘psy-op’).
Stakeholders may reply to the author via this book’s request for global feedback (see p. ii).
38. 34
FLOATSFAIR matrix: QAnon and GITMO article
Ethical Journalism Template Yes No
1. Fairness. Uses hateful or degrading speech X
Exploits disempowered persons/groups X
2. Lawful. Abides by civil and statutory laws X
3. Organization's publication charter is adhered to X
4. Accuracy. Provides relevant context X
Uses misleading or deceptive language X
Emphasizes facts and avoids speculation X
Triangulates and validates data sources X
Explores reasonable counter arguments Indirect
Offers stakeholders the right to reply Indirect
Title reflects the substance of the content X
Apologizes for and corrects prior inaccuracies n/a
5. Transparency. Discloses conflicts-of-interest n/a
Discloses primary and secondary sources X
Pursues a non-disclosed or biased agenda X
Employs psychological manipulation ('psy-ops') X
6. Safety and health of stakeholders are respected X
7. Freedom of speech and thought is promoted X
8. Acknowledgement. Recognition of contributors X
9. Independence. Content reflects author's opinion X
10. Responsibility. Expert contributors are qualified n/a
Emphasizes negativity, despair, defeatism X
Signed: Journalist/s Approved: Editor/s
Jay Jericho n/a
39. 35
Current Military Tribunals – USA
Official sources confirm that Military Justice proceedings against enemy combatant suspects are
in progress. The Office of Military Commissions is an authority source, as shown in Figure 18.
Figure 18: U.S. v. Khalid Shaikh Mohammad et al.
Defendants who have been charged but not convicted with a crime should be labelled using
noun-adjectives such as ‘the accused’, ‘alleged combatants’ or ’suspects in custody’. A
presumption of innocence until proven guilty is a cornerstone of America’s Legal Justice System.
Conscientious journalists should exercise high caution if they consult or cite unofficial sources.
For example, unsubstantiated claims exist on numerous citizen journalists’ videos on YouTube
that state elite celebrities are being tried before American Military Trials (e.g. Nobel El, 2019).
40. 36
Case study: Factcheck sites
Professional media personnel have an obligation to think critically and consult a range of quality,
independent, relevant primary data sources in cases where multiple sets of evidence are
accessible. Journalists should avoid taking short-cuts by relying on so-called ‘factcheck sites’.
Factcheck sites may hinder amateur reporters from conducting further research as another party
has ostensibly done the work for them and provided a one word answer such as ‘true’, ‘false’ or
a non-committal response such as ‘unproven’. Figure 19 is a vague factcheck response example.
Figure 19: SNOPES.com
Some factcheck websites allege that journalists consult their databases. Few serious journalists
would form an opinion based solely or dominantly on the information contained on these
dubious sites. I argue that some of these websites aim to exploit the human weakness of ‘laziness’
and ‘ignorance’. Critical-thinking media agents should conduct deep investigations to determine
who owns, manage and staff such websites. They may also evaluate these actors’ ideologies,
background, sources and methods prior to forming an opinion based partially on factcheck sites.
41. 37
Feature case study: Guantanamo Bay
YouTube Channel “C-VINE News Network” (2019) uploaded its first video about Military Tribunals
at Guantanamo Bay (GITMO) on 1 February 2019 titled “GITMO Military Tribunal Report from C-
VINE News-Part 1”. Figure 20 below captures select C-Vine video uploads dated February 2019.
Figure 20: C-Vine GITMO Military Tribunals Report
Claims made by C-Vine citizen journalists Leonard Bacani and Linda Forsythe about Military
Tribunals at GITMO are more specific than other channels who claim to have knowledge about
such trials. They state that they are among a handful of citizen journalists who have been
permitted to watch 40-second delayed video-conferencing from the Khalid Shaikh Mohammad
et al. hearing. They claim that Military Tribunal authorities plan to invite other citizen journalists
to witness and report future hearings. They suggest that it is unlikely that mainstream media will
be permitted to attend. Critical-thinking journalists may wish to investigate these claims and
draw their own conclusions. C-Vine channel requests financial support and asks Military Tribunal
journalists to use their channel as their central reference. You may research C-Vine’s websites to
determine if this channel provides evidence of official Military Tribunal press accreditations and
photographic evidence that they have watched televised tribunals at a military base in Maryland.
42. 38
Index
4Chan, 8Chan pp. 31-32
American Constitution pp. 3, 5-6, 10, 13, 16
First Amendment pp. 16, 28
Fourth Amendment p. 5
American Military Law pp. 3-4, 12-13, 19-20
American Revolutionary War p. 10
Censorship, redaction pp. 15-16, 24
Citizen journalists pp. 12, 14, 35, 37
Court martials pp. 12-13, 19
Court room procedure pp. 12-14
Critical-thinking pp. 1, 9, 12, 21-23, 28, 36-37
Death penalty, executions pp. 7, 9-11, 19
Deep State pp. 18, 31
Espionage pp. 10, 19
Ethical journalism pp. 24-36
Accuracy pp. 15, 22, 24, 27, 31, 34
Acknowledgement pp. 29, 33-34
Fairness pp. 12, 15, 18, 22, 26, 34
FLOATSFAIR template pp. 25, 34
Freedom pp. 28, 34
Legal compliance pp. 26, 34
Responsibility pp. 29, 34
Transparency pp. 28, 34
Executive Orders (POTUSA) pp. 1, 13
Factcheck sites p. 36
Felonies (Criminal Law) pp. 2-3, 5-7, 15-18, 22, 26, 29, 35
Fraud, charity fraud p. 18
43. 39
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) p. 14
GITMO/Guantanamo Bay pp. 17, 30-33, 37
Graham, Lindsay pp. 4-7, 17-18, 32
Johnson vs. Eisentrager pp. 6, 17
Judges pp. 2, 12-13, 17
Judiciary Committee (USA, Senate) pp. 4, 32
Juries pp. 12-13
Jurisdiction pp. 1, 3, 9, 17, 19, 32
Kavanaugh, Brett pp. 4-7, 17-18, 32
Law
Civil pp. 1-3, 8, 12-13, 17-18
Constitutional pp. 2-3, 5-7, see also ‘American Constitution’
Criminal pp. 2-3, 5, 7, 26, see also ‘Felonies’
International pp. 2-3, 8-9, 26
Military pp. 1, 3, 12, see also ‘American Military Law’
Law of Armed Conflict (USA) pp. 5, 7, 11
Law of Nations p. 10
Legal documents pp. 1, 10, 13-14, 21, 23
Lincoln, Abraham p. 11
Media pp. 1, 14-16, 20-22, 24, 28-30, 36-37
Military Tribunals pp. 1-15, 17-24, 32-33 et al.
Money laundering p. 18
Murder, genocide, assassination pp. 2, 11, 18
New York Times p. 30
Nuremberg Trials pp. 8-9
Operation Paperclip p. 9
Pedophilia p. 18
POTUSA pp. 1, 3, 10-11, 13
QAnon pp. 30-32
44. 40
Racketeering p. 18
Research methods pp. 1, 21-23, 27, 36-37
Data controls pp. 21-23
SCOTUSA pp. 3-4, 16-17, 32
Second World War pp. 8-9
Sessions, Jeff p. 23
Sex slavery p. 18
Steele, Robert p. 18
Treason pp. 8, 18-19
Trump, Donald pp. 20, 32
Uniform Code of Military Justice pp. 13, 19
USA pp. 1, 3-4, 10, 12-13, 18, 20, 22, 35 et al.
War Crimes pp. 8, 20
Washington, George p. 10
Western civilizations pp. 1-2, 8
American case law
Ex parte Quirin (1942) p. 11
Johnson vs. Eisentrager (1950) pp. 6, 17
Parker v. Levy (1974) p. 16
Federal American statues
Uniform Code of Military Justice pp. 13, 19
United States Code p. 13
Citizen journalist resource
United States Marine Corps (2019), Military justice factsheets,
<www.hqmc.marines.mil/Portals/135/MJFACTSHTS%5B1%5D.html>. Viewed 22 February 2019.
45. 41
Primary references
Air University (2019a), SUBCHAPTER IX. POST-TRIAL PROCEDURE AND REVIEW OF COURTS-
MARTIAL, <http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/ucmj2.htm>. Viewed 22 February 2019.
–––––– (2019b), Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ),
<http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/awc-law.htm#ucmj>. Viewed 21 February 2019.
Government Publishing Office (2019), Content Details 10 U.S.C. 47 - UNIFORM CODE OF
MILITARY JUSTICE, <https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USCODE-2010-title10/USCODE-
2010-title10-subtitleA-partII-chap47>. Viewed 22 February 2019.
Judiciary Senate Committee (2018), Nomination of the Honorable Brett M. Kavanaugh to be an
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (Day 2), Viewed 22 February 2019,
<https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/meetings/nomination-of-the-honorable-brett-m-
kavanaugh-to-be-an-associate-justice-of-the-supreme-court-of-the-united-states-day-2>.
National Archives (2019)[1789], The Constitution of the United States,
<https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution>. Viewed 22 February 2019.
National Security Law Department (2018), Operational Law Handbook,
<https://www.hqmc.marines.mil/Portals/135/JAO/2018%20Operational%20Law%20Handbook.
pdf?ver=2018-10-01-114307-977>. Viewed 21 February 2019.
Nobel El (2019), Military Tribunals 71,000 charged politicians celebrities etc,
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O49jktezhlI>. Viewed 22 January 2019.
Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) (2018), Read Attorney General Jeff Sessions’ full letter to
Trump: ‘At your request, I am submitting my resignation’,
<pbs.org/newshour/politics/read-attorney-general-jeff-sessions-full-letter-to-trump-at-your-
request-i-am-submitting-my-resignation>. Viewed 3 February 2019.
<http://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2018/11/full-letter.jpg>. Viewed 3 February 2019.
Supreme Court of the United States of America (1950), Johnson v. Eisentrager, 339 U.S. 763
(1950), <https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/339/763/>. Viewed 22 February 2019.
–––––– (1974), Parker v. Levy, 417 U.S. 733 (1974),
<https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/417/733/>. Viewed 22 February 2019.
46. 42
United States Court of Appeal (2012), Salim Ahmed Hamdan, Petitioner v. United States of
America, Respondent, Viewed 25 February 2019,
<https://www.cadc.uscourts.gov/internet/opinions.nsf/722A4A4B384D5EC985257A99004D77C
0/$file/11-1257-1399811.pdf >.
United States House of Representatives (2019), Chapter 115—Treason, Sedition, and subversive
activities, Viewed 22 February 2019.
<uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title18/part1/chapter115&edition=prelim>.
White House (2018), 2018 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States,
<https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2018-amendments-manual-courts-martial-
united-states/>. Viewed 20 February 2019.
Secondary references
C-Vine News Network (2019), Home, Viewed 22 February 2019, <https://c-vine.com/>.
<https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRdg4sAu7OCstwXkx-kOISQ>.
CNN (2016), Is Donald Trump right about military tribunals?,
<https://www.cnn.com/2016/08/16/opinions/trump-military-tribunals-american-citizens-
mcenany/index.html>. Viewed 21 February 2019.
Curran, J. (1933), ‘Lincoln conspiracy trial and military jurisdiction over civilians’, Notre Dame
Law Review, 9(1), pp. 26–49, Viewed 20 February 2019,
<https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4170&context=ndlr>.
Herbig, K. (2017), The expanding spectrum of espionage by Americans, 1947–2015,
<https://www.dhra.mil/Portals/52/Documents/perserec/reports/>. Viewed 24 February 2019.
Jericho, J. (2018), Ethical journalism: A comprehensive code of ethics template to guide
journalists in a ‘post-truth’ era, <www.thefreeschool.education/>. Viewed 22 February 2019.
<https://journalistethics.com/>. Viewed 22 February 2019.
Ruane, K. (2014), Freedom of speech and press: Exceptions to the First Amendment,
<https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/95-815.pdf>. Viewed 21 February 2019.
Steele, R. (2018), Deep state panic, arrests & military tribunals around the corner: Robert David
Steele, <https://youtu.be/wI6ZOLgM_0k>. Viewed 21 February 2019.