This document discusses migration and refugee issues in Europe and around the Mediterranean. It provides statistics on global forced displacement showing 65.3 million forcibly displaced people worldwide in 2015. Over half of all refugees came from Syria, Afghanistan, and Somalia. It also summarizes information on why people are fleeing countries like Syria, Afghanistan, Eritrea, Nigeria, and Somalia due to issues like civil war, violence, and human rights violations. The document then discusses the increasing numbers of migrants and refugees crossing the Mediterranean into Europe in recent years and the deaths that have occurred. It outlines the EU's agenda to address migration and policies around relocation of refugees within the EU.

1. Migration numbers and refugees
emergency across the Mediterrenean
“Lampedusa Berlin, Travel journal” project
Europe for Citizens Program – Strand2: Democratic
engagement and civic participation
First project meeting, January 16th
2017 – Palermo
This project has been funded with support the Europe for Citizens
programme of the European Union. This communication reflects the
views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held
responsible for any use which may be made of the information
contained therein.
Elena Canestrari
Asinitas

2. Refugees worldwide

3. 65.3 million forcibly displaced worldwide65.3 million forcibly displaced worldwide
as a result of persecution, conflict, generalized violence, or
human rights violations. This is 5.8 million more than the
previous year.
21,3 million refugees
40,8 million internally displaced
3,2 million asylum-seekers
21,3 million refugees
40,8 million internally displaced
3,2 million asylum-seekers
20152015 Global forced displacement has
increased with record-high numbers.
Global forced displacement has
increased with record-high numbers.
Refugees worldwide
Source: Unhcr “Global Trends 2015”

4. Syrian Arab Republic 4.9 million
Afghanistan 2.7 million
Somalia 1.1 million.
More than half (54%) of all refugees worldwide came from
just 3 countries
Refugees worldwide
Source: Unhcr “Global Trends 2015”

5. At the end of 2005 on
average 6 people
worldwide were
displaced from their
home. Ten years later,
in 2015, 24 people per
minute, some 34000
per day were
displaced from their
home
Refugees worldwide
Source: Unhcr “Global Trends 2015”

6. 2015 Europe faced the so called “Refugees crisis”
But actually 9 out of 10 persons found protection
in the South of the world
• Asia 29,7 million of forced displaced people + 5,7 million
of Palestinian refugees under Unrwa protection, settled in
Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Gaza and the West Bank
• Africa 20,3 million
• Central and South America 7,7 million
• Europe 5,5 million
• North America 715,000
Source: Dossier Statistico 2016, IDOS
Refugees worldwide

7. Refugees worldwide
1.Turkey
2. Pakistan
3. Lebanon
4. Iran
5. Ethiopia
6. Jordan

8. Migration and
refugee emergencies
across the
Mediterranean

9. Migration and refugee emergencies across the
Mediterranean
•In 2010 the people arrived in Europe through the
Mediterranean with improvised barges, were only 9,700;
•In 2011 with the start of the Arab Spring (end of 2010)
and especially with the removal of the Libyan regime and
Gaddafi's death (October 2011) the number increased to
70,000.
The number of migrants and refugees entering Europe in
the last five years has increased dramatically
The number of migrants and refugees entering Europe in
the last five years has increased dramatically
Source: UNHCR

10. Migration and refugee emergencies across the
Mediterranean
• In 2014 (with the destabilization of the whole area),
have landed on European shores 220,000 people, a
number three times higher than the previous
year.
• 2015 and 2016 have far exceeded these numbers
(more than 1 million)
We are really facing a historic and momentous
social phenomenon
Source: UNHCR “Global Trends 2015”

11. Migration and refugee emergencies across the
MediterraneanSource: UNHCR

12. Source:Unhcr: Report Sep 2016 IDOS p. 120
Migration and refugee emergencies across the
Mediterranean
1,014,973 2015
303,838 2016
(January to September)
1,014,973 2015
303,838 2016
(January to September)
SEA ARRIVALS

13. Balkan route
Migration and refugee emergencies across the
Mediterranean

14. Migration and refugee emergencies across the
Mediterranean
Balkan route
Before 2015 the Balkan route played a rather marginal
role but from spring into the summer of 2015, the
refugee crisis built up, as the number of arrivals to
Greece grew and accelerated.
The number of arrivals to Greece rose from 8,000 in
March to 108,000 arrivals in August.
Authorities in the Western Balkans were caught
unprepared, as were their counterparts in the EU.
source: UNHCR data, available at: http://data.unhcr.org/mediterranean/regional.php

15. Migration and refugee emergencies across the
MediterraneanSource:Unhcr: Report Sep 2016

16. Migration and refugee emergencies across the
MediterraneanSource:Unhcr: Report Sep 2016

17. Recorded deaths in the Mediterranean by route 2016 :
Source OIM 6th
January 2017
- Western Mediterranean 69
- Central Mediterranean 4576
- Eastern Mediterranean 434
Migration and refugee emergencies across the
Mediterranean
Total death in the Mediterranean 2015: 3770
(77% in the Central Mediterranean)
TOTAL DEATHS 2016
5079 + 34% compared to 2015
TOTAL DEATHS 2016
5079 + 34% compared to 2015

18. What happens in the countries of arrival
La porta del rischio
La porta è la barca che mi porta in Europa.
Una volta quella porta si è chiusa e sono tornato in Africa.
Dopo per fortuna la porta si è aperta e sono arrivato in Europa.
La barca è una porta.
Deq, Somalia

19. Why they come?

20. Among the main countries of origin of migrants landed in
Europe there are Syria, Afghanistan, Eritrea, Nigeria
and Somalia.
But other countries are being added to this list unfortunately,
although in smaller numbers: Sudan, Gambia, Senegal,
Ghana, Mali.
The reasons are always the same: internal instability to the
limits of civil war, the presence of radical Islamist
groups, extreme poverty. “
(From an article by Fabio Colombo on ww.lenius.it http://www.lenius.it/perche-stanno-arrivando-cosi-tanti-migranti-in-
europa/).
Why they come?

21. Syria
• Syria is devastated since five years by a confused civil
war from which, simply, people run away. Since the
conflict began in 2011 more than 200,000 people died,
and 11 million people have been forced to leave their
homes. Of these, about 7.000.000 are still in Syria, while
4 million have left the country.
Why they come?
Source: Fabio Colombo on ww.lenius.it http://www.lenius.it/perche-stanno-
arrivando-cosi-tanti-migranti-in-europa/).

22. Syria
•The vast majority of these exiles is located in Turkey (2
million people), Lebanon (1 million) and Jordan
(600,000).
•Other Syrian refugees are scattered between Iraq and
Egypt, or are on their way to Europe. So far in 2016 have
arrived in the EU, 126 000 Syrians, 43% of the total
arrivals in 2015.
Why they come?
Source: Fabio Colombo on ww.lenius.it http://www.lenius.it/perche-stanno-
arrivando-cosi-tanti-migranti-in-europa/).

23. Afghanistan
The country, is still not stabilized. After the war started in
2001, the country entered in a deep crisis in 2014. The
new political instability, that followed the uncertain
election of June 2014, gave new impetus to the Taliban,
who have increased their attacks on the civil population
(+ 24% compared to 2013).
Why they come?
Source: Fabio Colombo on ww.lenius.it http://www.lenius.it/perche-stanno-
arrivando-cosi-tanti-migranti-in-europa/).

24. Afghanistan
•Added to this are the chronic problems of the country:
abuses by the security forces (including the massive use
of torture), threats to freedom of expression, denial of
women's rights.
•Over 700,000 Afghans are displaced within their
country, about 2.5 million have left the country, of which
the vast majority living in Iran and Pakistan.
•35,000 Afghans have landed in Europe (almost everyone
in Greece) in 2015.
Why they come?
Source: Fabio Colombo on ww.lenius.it http://www.lenius.it/perche-stanno-
arrivando-cosi-tanti-migranti-in-europa/).

25. Eritrea
Eritrea suffers from 20 years with the dictatorship of
Isaias Afewerki, which obliges all, men and women, to a
mandatory military service and an almost perennial uses
of torture, arbitrary detentions, disappearances and
State murders.
Why they come?
Source: Fabio Colombo on ww.lenius.it http://www.lenius.it/perche-stanno-arrivando-
cosi-tanti-migranti-in-europa/).

26. Nigeria faces since 2002 the bulky presence of the radical
Islamist group of Boko Haram, active mainly in the north
of the country, with kidnappings, bombings and real acts
of war.
Why they come?
Source: Fabio Colombo on ww.lenius.it http://www.lenius.it/perche-stanno-arrivando-
cosi-tanti-migranti-in-europa/).
Nigeria

27. Somalia
Somalia is grappling with an almost uninterrupted civil
war since 1991 that has fostered the development of a
strong Islamist group, Al-Shabab, which has come to
control large portions of the country, being protagonist of
numerous attacks, and is one of the poorest countries in the
world: 81% of its inhabitants is considered in poverty.
Why they come?
Source: Fabio Colombo on ww.lenius.it http://www.lenius.it/perche-stanno-
arrivando-cosi-tanti-migranti-in-europa/).

28. What happens in the
countries of arrival

29. MAIN DESTINATION COUNTRIES
In EU since the beginning of 2016, the number of
application for asylum have been 1.171.138,
6% less than the same period of 2015
What happens in the countries of arrival
Source: Asylum Quartely Report EUROSTAT- 14 december 2016
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Asylum_quarterly_report

30. What happens in the countries of arrival
These 5 Member States together account for nearly 90%
of all first time applicants in the EU-28
The highest number of first time asylum applicants in
the third quarter of 2016 was registered in Germany
(with over 237.400 first time applicants, or 66% of total
applicants in the EU Member States),
followed by Italy (34 600, or 10%),
France (20 000, or 6%),
Greece (12 400, or 3%)
and the United Kingdom (9 200, or 3%).
Source: Asylum Quartely Report EUROSTAT- 14 december 2016
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Asylum_quarterly_report

31. What happens in the countries of arrival

32. Top 10 nationalities of sea arrivals in ITALY
What happens in the countries of arrival
Source: Unhcr “Italy Updated Novembre 2016”
1. Nigeria
2. Eritrea
3. Guinea
4. Cote D’Avoire
5. Gambia
6. Senegal
7. Mali
8. Sudan
9. Bangladesh
10. Somalia

33. Asylum application results in
Italy
Source: Cir- Italian Council for Refugees
What happens in the countries of arrival
 Rejections 65%
 Refugees 3%
 Subsidiary
protection 11%
 Humanitarian
protection 21%

34. New EU agenda for
migration policies

35. The pillars of the European agenda
New EU agenda for migration policies
1. Reducing the incentives for irregular migration
1. Saving lives and securing the external borders
1. Strengthening the common asylum policies
1. Developing a new policy on legal migration

36. Relocation
‘Relocation’ means a distribution among Member States of
persons in clear need of international protection.
The receiving Member States will be responsible for the
examination of the asylum applications in accordance with
established rules and guarantees.
The relocation Program concerns citizens of countries for
which the rate of granting international protection is
over 75%, based on the European avarage recognition
rates.
At the moment it concerns Syrians and Eritreans and the
large majority of beneficiaries are the former.
Source: ANNEX European schemes for relocationa and resettlemente
What happens in the countries of arrival

37. Between the adoption of the Semptember 2015 EU
Council decision on relocation and the end of
November 2016,
a total of 1,853 persons were relocated from Italy:
this is still only 4.7% of the 39,600 target
to be met by the end of September 2017.
The Relocation Program involves 20.000 people every
year for a total of two years.
Source: Unhcr “Italy Updated Novembre 2016”
What happens in the countries of arrival

38. Migrant Quotas from each Eu member state according
to the European Commission
What happens in the countries of arrivalSource: European Commision

39. Only 5,953
people have
been moved
to other
countries
Only 5,953
people have
been moved
to other
countries
What happens in the countries of arrival
Source: eur-lex.europa.eu – 9 nov 2016

40. What happens in the countries of arrival
(…)With equitable responsibility sharing, there would be
no crisis for host countries.
We can afford to help, and we know what we need to do
to handle large movements of refugees and migrants.
Yet too often, we let fear and ignorance get in the way.
Human needs end up overshadowed, and xenophobia
speaks louder than reason. (…)

41. “We will all be stronger by buildings bridges instead of walls”
Ban Ki-Moon
cfr. United Nation General Assembly, of the Millennium Summit.
Report of the Secretary-General, 21 aprile 2016

42. “Lampedusa Berlin, Travel journal” project
Europe for Citizens Program
Partnes
• Fondazione ForTeS (coordinatore) - Italy
• Sos razzismo italia – Italy
• Sozial.Label E.V. - Germany
• S.O.S. Racismo Gipuzkoa Asociacion - Spain
• Egam-European Grassroots Antiracist Movement Association -
France
• Oltalom Karitativ Egyesulet - Hungary
• Asociatia Tineri Parteneri Pentru Dezvoltarea Societatii Civil -
Romania
• Asinitas Onlus - Italy
• Citizens In Action - Greece
• Towarzystwo Amicus – Poland
This project has been funded with support the Europe for Citizens
programme of the European Union. This communication reflects the views
only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any
use which may be made of the information contained therein.