The document discusses key concepts in sociology including the sociological perspective, social structure, and major theoretical approaches. It addresses how seeing issues sociologically can provide insight into problems and reveal how society shapes individual lives. The sociological perspective recognizes social forces that influence decisions and recognizes both manifest and latent functions of social patterns. Major approaches covered are structural-functionalism, social conflict, and symbolic interactionism. It also discusses the importance of understanding culture and avoiding ethnocentrism in sociological research.