Middleware technology plays a important role is software system

1. www.SeminarSlide.com
Seminar
On
Middleware Technologies
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2. Overview
Introduction
Brief History of EAI/Middleware Middleware
Categories CORBA
Middleware and Computer Telephony Middleware
Usage Considerations Middleware costs
Advantages and Disadvantages of Middleware
Conclusion Reference
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3. Introduction
Middleware is the "glue" that connects diverse computer systems.
Typically, legacy systems store information in proprietary formats,
use propriety protocols to communicate, and may even be running on
hardware that's no longer manufactured or supported.

4. Brief History of EAI/Middleware
Enterprise applications, from as early as the 1960s through the late
1970s, were simple in design and functionality, developed largely in
part to end repetitive tasks.
By the 1980s, several corporations were beginning to understand the
value and necessity for application integration.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
As ERP applications became much more prevalent in the 1990s, there
was a need for corporations to be able to leverage already existing
applications and data within the ERP system; this could only be done
by introducing EAI.

5. Middleware Evolution
Middleware platforms have been evolving driven by the
Information Systems' requirements and architectures
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6. Legacy Enterprise Situation

7. Middleware/ EAI Enterprise Solution

8. Middleware can be divided in to 7 categories of services:
Database and file system middleware).
Communicationt Services (i.e. RPC (Remote Procedure
Call) ondm^saiging middleware).
location, time and security services).
ObjeobMsPBBeraeetrSeVcssi (fee. by using Object Request Brokers
(ORBsft)Bs
AppAcatio® Co>o^EatiosrSfr^@es &§. Transaction-Processing
(TP)rponitors, e-mail, etc.).
PreseetatioarKefvices dfe£. User Interfaces, printing and multi-media
middleware).
System Management Services (i.e. Configuration-, change-, operations-,
problem-, and performance-management services)
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9. Data Management Services
One example of a middleware supporting these features are CHink
from Cornut Informatique in France. Cl-Link is a middleware that
connects MS-Windows and Macintosh applications to SQL databases
under UNIX. It comes with a high-level built-in development language
which lets you centralise tasks on the server. CI-Link is compatible with
the several relational DBMSs like Oracle, Informix, Ingres and
Progress.
Another database middleware candidate is Accessworks from Oracle
Corporation, in co-operation with D)gjf&l Accessworks provides a
desktop API via ODBC, SQL services, and read/write access to a wide
area of databases, etc. Accessworks is available for the most common
client desktops such as MS-DOS, MS-Windows, OS/2, Macintosh,
Open VMS, and UNIX systems.
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10. Communication Services
Middleware supporting the cornmumcationriservices can be divided
into two different groups: RPC and messaging systems. RPCs
provide facilities for synchronous procedure calls on remote systems
as if they were local.
The most famous RPC toolset is DCE (Distributed Computing
Environment) from OSF, but also available from
most UNIX hardware vendors.
Messaging middleware enables distributed applications to send and
receive messages asynchronously using a set of APIs. Oneexample
example of a such a middleware API is Communications Integrator
from Covia Technologies.
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11. Remote Procedure call
One of the most basic form of
middleware
Provides support for
transparently transform
procedure calls into remote
procedure calls
With the shift from Procedural to Object Oriented
Programming, RPCs have become RMIs (Remote Method
Invocations)
RPC/RMI are the most basic service of modern Object
Request Broker Platforms

12. Object Management Services
Tools supporting object management services use Object Request
Brokers (ORBs) to provide transparent communications between
objects sited on different locations in a network.
OMG's CORBA is an example of this technology. IONA'S ORBIX is
the most famous implementation of CORBA.
In addition to provide communication between objects, CORBA
middleware also provide communication with the WWW,
RDBMs and ODBMs.
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13. CORBA
A middleware platform that supports a standardized OO
architecture for software applications
■ Common Object Request broker Architecture
■ Open standard - developed by the Object management
Qpoup
■ CORBA is a component of OMG’sCObjectW management
Architecture
CORBA supports distributed object computing CORBA uses a
broker
■ an intermediary handling requests in a system
■ facilitates communication between clients and server objects
■ separates a component’s interface from its implementation

14. CORBA Architecture
Client
Object
Implementation
Dynamic Client IDL ORB
V
Invocation
i
Stubs Interface
Static
Skeletons
Dynamic
Skeleton
invocation
(Basic)
Object
Adapter
Interface
Repositoiy
ORB Core Implementation
Repositoiy
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15. 0
Main CORBA
Features
. Object request broker
(ORB)
. OMG interface definition
language (IDL) . Language
mappings . Stubs and
skeletons . Interface
repository . Dynamic
invocation and dispatch .
Object adapters . Inter-ORB
protocols
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16. Distribution Services:
The distribution services can be divided into three categories: location
services, security services, and time services. Tools supporting location
services provide a directory and naming service.
The directory service allows a client to access a remote file, a remote
table, or a remote process without having to know where that object is
physically located in the network
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17. Application Co-operation Services:
Tools supporting appJIC&tonco-op^atonrtservices are providing
support for a large number of concurrent users that access
transactions programs and services (i.e. databases, security,
workflows), local and distributed load balancing to optimise
performance, and efficiently synchronising data updates to multiple
databases during a single transaction using standard protocols.
Tuxedseflom Noveihii I an exam0ta|dfea TP monitor providing these
features plus several others. The advantage by using TP monitors are
their ability to manage several thousands of users, concurrent
database accesses, and large volumes of data.

18. Transaction Processing (TP) Monitors
■ One of the oldest and best
engineered form of middleware
■ Coordinate the flow of
transactions submitted to a
system
■ One of the earliest TP
Monitors was the IBM Customer
Information and Control
Systems (CICS) developed in
the late 60's
■ Modern TP Processing come in
two flavors:
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TP-lite
TP-
heavy

19. Presentation Middleware
Tools supporting presentation services provide features for
mapping GUIs and transparent printing.
These services are often included in other tools. But there exists
dedicated tools for mapping character based UIs intoGUIs.
X Windows is an example of a toolset providing presentation
services.
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20. Mobile Middleware
MM is the software component that can be integrated with any
application to add mobility. It constitutes services that can be
transmitted over the mobile network to the clients on move. Also
enables to add new features to an existing system quite easily.
Mobile Agent (MA) is a software component that operates
autonomously. MA allows codes to move freely around the network,
thus enabling us to have much more flexible architecture with better
network performance. These code snippets executed on top of a
runtime platform, interact with the local system in a controlled way,
through a set of well-defined interfaces provided by the agent
platform.
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21. Mobile Client
Server
_-XSQJSX ,//VS f A/W
^
Mobile
Middleware
Figure
H
lobile Middleware
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22. Middleware service ©omponnernte
The services in our proposed architecture are classified into two
broad categories: Application services, and Network services.
Figure 2 Proposed Scalable Mobile Middleware
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Mobile Agents
7IZ
Service
C
Service
B
Service
D
Service
A
Mobile
Application

23. COM/DCOM
Microsoft’s middleware infrastructure in many ways similar
to CORBA
Defines a binary standard for component interoperability
programming language independence Platform
independent Windows (95, 98, NT)
Mac
Unix
Distribution transparency does exploit operational
characteristics Dynamic component loading and unloading

24. DCOM
DCOM = COM binary standard +
runtime infrastructure for communicating across distributed
address spaces initially only on Windows recently adding Mac
and Unix Uses OSF’s DCE RPC as a basis for remote
interaction proxy/stub mechanism Attempts to address
challenges of distributed computing interacting components
should be “close” to one another some components’ locations
are fixed inverse relationship between component size and
flexibility
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25. Distribution in COM/DCOM — In-Process
(-N
Client *
v_J
Server
v_j
Distribution in COM/DCOM — Inter-Process
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26. Middleware and Computer Telephony
Middleware in computer telephony tends to be software that sits right
above that part of the operating system that deals with
telephony. This is the Telephone Server Application Programming
Interface (TSAPI) in NetWare and the Telephone Application
Programming Interface (TAPI) in Windows.
TAPI is an evolutionary API providing convergence of both traditional
PSTN telephony and IP Telephony. IP Telephony is an emerging set
of technologies which enables voice, data, and video collaboration
over existing LANs, WANs, and the Internet.

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28. Middleware Usage Considerations
There is a gap between principles and practice. Many popular
middleware services use proprietary implementations.
The sheer number of middleware services is a barrier to using them. To
keep their computing environment manageably simple, developers
have to select a small number of services that meet their needs for
functionality and platform coverage.
While middleware services raise the level of abstraction of
programming distributed applications, they still leave the application
developer with hard design choices.
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29. Middleware costs
A technology may impose an otherwise unnecessary interface standard, it
might require investment in other technologies (see bullets below), it
might require investment of time or money, or it may directly conflict
with security or real - time requirements.
As an example, at a start-up telecommunications carrier-of-carriers
service provider, AFN Communications, there were approximately $20
million dollars expended just to implement operational and business
support systems that were fully integrated across a client/ server
middleware information “bus”, which indicates that all applications are
integrated via a common path
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30. Advantages of Middleware:
Real time information access among systems
Streamlines business processes and helps raise
organizational efficiency.
Maintains information integrity across multiple
systems

31. Disadvantages of Middleware
Prohibitively high development costs.
EAI implementations are very time consuming, and need a lot of
resources.
There are few people with experience in the market place.
There exists relatively few satisfying standards.
The tools are not good enough.
Too many platforms to be covered.
Middleware often threatens the real-time performance of a system.
Middleware products are not very mature.
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32. EAI / Middleware Leaders
BEA ^Systems (worldwide locations).
CrossWords Software (Australia).
IONA Technologies (Ireland, Scotland, California).
Level 8 Systems (North Carolina, California, New Jersey,
Virgina, London, Milan, and Paris).
Mercator Software (England, Massachusetts). NEON
(purchased in 2001 by Sybase) (California). SeeBeyond
&§ltf@rn%l multiple U.S. States, Australia, Korea, Japan,
Singapore, Cyprus, multiple European locations). Software
AG(Germany).
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33. Conclusion:
Middleware technologies are very important to succeed with an
incremental migration of legacy systems into client/server systems,
but that it is hard to find the correct tools and people to accomplish
the work.

34. References:
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.org
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35. Questions:
What is Middleware technology?
Mention different types of Middleware.
What are Advantages and Disadvantages of Middleware?
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36. THANK YOU!