Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Philosophy - Middle Ages
1. Middle Ages
Christian Church Banned
A.D. 313 – Accepted Religion – Roman Empire
Why?
Emperor Constantine
In 380 - Christianity became a Official Religion
2. Middle Ages
Thousand year of germination and growth
School System
Cathedral Schools
In year 1200 – First University
3. Middle Ages
In1000 years – People believed that
Christianity was true.
“Was there a contradiction between the
Bible and reason or were the belief and
knowledge compatible?”
4. Middle Ages
St. Augustine of Hippo
354 to 430
Was born in the little town of Thagaste in
North Africa
He went to Carthage to study
He was a Manichean
He was influenced by Stoic Philosophy
5. Middle Ages
“Absence of God is Evil”
Evil comes from man’s disobedience
St. Augustine divides people into two groups
in his work City of God.
A struggle between the Kingdom of God
and Kingdom of the World
They struggle for mastery inside every single
person
6. Middle Ages
St. Thomas Aquinas
1225 to 1274
From the little town of Aquino
Worked as a teacher at the University of Paris
Used Aristotelian Philosophy combined with
theological principles
Man’s need should be satisfied by the state
Man’s self sufficiency and satisfaction can be
acquired at the end of his life
Responsibilities of the State are only
subordinates of the responsibilities of the church
7. Middle Ages
St.Thomas of Aquinas made the Summa
Theologica.
Complete scientific exposition of theology
and the summary of Christian philosophy.
8. Renaissance
Humanism – new view of mankind
Throughout the whole medieval period,
the point of departure had always been
God.
Characterized as individualism
We are unique individuals
Renaissance man – a man of universal
genius.
9. Renaissance
Man did not exist purely for God’s sake.
Man could therefore delight in life here
and now.
Reawakened
11. Italian Renaissance Vs.
Northern Renaissance
Northern: strongly influenced by church
Italy: less influenced by church
Northern: focused on bible, church
Italy: focused on classics
15. Renaissance
Economics
Transitionfrom subsistence economy to
monetary economy
Lively commerce and goods
Banking
Cities grew and prospered during the
Renaissance and rulers learned to tax the
people.
16. Renaissance Figures
Francis Bacon
Used empirical method
The view that experience, especially of the
senses, is the only source of knowledge.
“Knowledge is power”
allknowledge of matters of fact derives from
experience and that the mind is not furnished
with a set of concepts in advance of
experience
17. Renaissance Figures
Galileo Galilei – One of the greatest natural
philosophers/ scientist in the history of
empirical and mathematical science
First concepted the law of inertia
A body will preserve its velocity and direction so
long as no force in its motion's direction acts on
it.
Inertia: an object in a state of motion possesses
an ``inertia'' that causes it to remain in that state
of motion
18. Renaissance Figures
Galileo Galilee
invented the thermometer
he was the first to use the telescope to
study the heavens systematically
He also promulgated the theory that Earth
and other planets in our solar system
revolve around the Sun.
19. Renaissance Figures
Isaac Newton
Provided the final description of the solar
system and planetary orbits.
Formulated the Law of Universal Gravitation
Thereis a gravitational force acting between
any two objects in the universe. There is a
gravitational force between you and Earth
20. Renaissance Figures
Isaac Newton
Newton built the first practical reflecting
telescope
He also formulated an empirical law of cooling
and studied the speed of sound
Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz
for the development of differential and integral
calculus.
He also demonstrated the generalized binomial
theorem.
21. Renaissance Figures
Leonardo Da Vinci
archetype of the "Renaissance
man", a man whose seemingly
infinite curiosity was equaled
only by his powers of invention.
He is widely considered to be
one of the greatest painters of
all time and perhaps the most
diversely talented person ever to
have lived.
22. Renaissance Figures
Leonardo Da Vinci
He conceptualized
helicopter
tank
concentrated solar power
calculator
double hull
24. Reformation
The Renaissance resulted in a new
religiosity.
The individual’s personal relationship to
God was now more important than his
relationship to the church as an
organization.
Reformation – Changing or protesting the
structure of the Roman Catholic Church
25. Reformation
Martin Luther – Led the reformation
Made the 95 theses
“People did not need the intercession of
the church or its priest in order to receive
God’s forgiveness”
The scripture alone
Translated the bible into German
26. Reformation
Reasons on why it happened?
Black Plague
Printing Press
Western Schism
Fall of the Eastern Roman Empire
