The document describes a proposed microwave mobile charger system. It consists of a transmitting part with a magnetron to generate microwaves and a slotted waveguide antenna to transmit them. The receiving part includes a rectenna (rectifying antenna) attached to a mobile phone. The rectenna contains a filter and Schottky diode to convert the received microwaves into DC power, charging the phone battery. This system would allow phones to charge wirelessly during calls by harvesting microwave energy transmitted along with voice signals. It aims to make charging universal across phone models and batteries.
Wireless Mobile Charging Using MicrowavesJishid Km
It is a hectic task to carry everywhere the charger of mobile phones or any electronic gadget while travelling, or it is very cruel when your mobile phone getting off by the time you urgently need it. It is the major problem in today’s electronic gadgets. Though the world is leading with the developments in technology, but this technology is still incomplete because of these limitations. Today’s world requires the complete technology and for this purpose here we are proposing the wireless charging of batteries using Microwaves.
Now in the recent days we come across some solutions for this problem by using the Witricity (Wireless Transmission of Electricity). Recently Nokia has launched Nokia Lumia 920 smart phones whose special feature is its wireless charging. But this is possible only when the device is placed on to the plate given for the wireless charging. So it is also somewhat difficult to travel with those charging plates. There may chance has forgetting the charging plates, and then we require something which can charge our electronic gadgets whenever they get used
The proposed method gives the solution for this problem. Once think that how it will be when your electronic gadget gets charged on using it? Then the label will come as “CHARGE ON USE”. This wireless charging method works on the principle of MICROWAVE OVEN. As the things when placed in microwave oven gets heated, in the same way these batteries should work using microwaves which are the medium of communication from long back. We are getting our network in terms of microwaves and it is proved that the total radiation coming from the cellular mobile communication is not been using and the remaining radiation is creating hazardous problem for human beings. So here we are working on the concept that why can’t we use those remaining radiations in order to charge our batteries? This will be the best solution to reduce the effect of radiation.
This document proposes a method for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. A transmitter would send microwave signals along with message signals. Mobile phones would be equipped with a sensor, rectenna, and filter to receive the microwaves and convert them to electricity. This would charge the phone as the user talks, eliminating the need for wired chargers. The document discusses using a 2.45 GHz frequency, and includes diagrams of the proposed transmitter, receiver, and rectification processes. If implemented, manufacturers could remove talk time from phone specifications as the phone would charge during use.
wireless charging of mobile phones using microwave full seminar reportHarish N Nayak
This document discusses wireless charging of mobile devices using microwaves. It describes three types of wireless charging - inductive, radio, and resonance charging. It then focuses on using microwaves for wireless charging. The electromagnetic spectrum is introduced, with microwaves described as radio waves between 1mm-1m wavelengths. A general block diagram shows the transmitting and receiving parts, with the transmitter using a magnetron to produce microwaves and a slotted waveguide antenna to transmit them, and the receiver using an impedance matching circuit and rectenna to convert the microwaves to DC power.
The document discusses wireless mobile phone charging through microwave power transmission and rectification. It describes the key components of the transmitter and receiver sections. The transmitter section consists of a magnetron to generate microwaves and a slotted waveguide antenna to transmit them. The receiver section uses a rectenna (rectifying antenna) made of a mesh of dipoles and diodes to convert received microwaves into DC electricity. It also includes a simple sensor circuit to detect when a call is taking place so that the phone can charge during a call. The overall system aims to wirelessly charge a mobile phone using microwave power transmitted to a rectenna attached to the phone.
This document proposes wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves transmitted from a transmitter. A rectenna and filter would be added to phones to convert microwave energy from a 2.45 GHz signal into electrical current to charge the battery. The system would allow phones to charge automatically as users talk without needing physical connections or being dependent on manufacturer or battery type. It describes the transmitter, slotted waveguide antenna, receiver design including the rectenna, sensor circuitry, and principle of operation where microwaves carrying a message signal would be received and converted to DC power by the rectenna to charge the phone. Potential implementations and advantages like remote charging and electricity savings are discussed alongside challenges like dependence on network coverage and slow charging rates.
This document discusses the technology behind self-charging mobile phones. It describes how radio waves can be used to wirelessly charge phones through a process called radiocharging. Radio waves are transmitted from an antenna and received by a receiver on the phone called a rectenna, which converts the radio waves to electric current to charge the battery. While the technology is still being developed and improved, self-charging phones would allow for more convenient charging without power cords.
Wireless Mobile Charging Using MicrowavesJishid Km
It is a hectic task to carry everywhere the charger of mobile phones or any electronic gadget while travelling, or it is very cruel when your mobile phone getting off by the time you urgently need it. It is the major problem in today’s electronic gadgets. Though the world is leading with the developments in technology, but this technology is still incomplete because of these limitations. Today’s world requires the complete technology and for this purpose here we are proposing the wireless charging of batteries using Microwaves.
Now in the recent days we come across some solutions for this problem by using the Witricity (Wireless Transmission of Electricity). Recently Nokia has launched Nokia Lumia 920 smart phones whose special feature is its wireless charging. But this is possible only when the device is placed on to the plate given for the wireless charging. So it is also somewhat difficult to travel with those charging plates. There may chance has forgetting the charging plates, and then we require something which can charge our electronic gadgets whenever they get used
The proposed method gives the solution for this problem. Once think that how it will be when your electronic gadget gets charged on using it? Then the label will come as “CHARGE ON USE”. This wireless charging method works on the principle of MICROWAVE OVEN. As the things when placed in microwave oven gets heated, in the same way these batteries should work using microwaves which are the medium of communication from long back. We are getting our network in terms of microwaves and it is proved that the total radiation coming from the cellular mobile communication is not been using and the remaining radiation is creating hazardous problem for human beings. So here we are working on the concept that why can’t we use those remaining radiations in order to charge our batteries? This will be the best solution to reduce the effect of radiation.
This document proposes a method for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. A transmitter would send microwave signals along with message signals. Mobile phones would be equipped with a sensor, rectenna, and filter to receive the microwaves and convert them to electricity. This would charge the phone as the user talks, eliminating the need for wired chargers. The document discusses using a 2.45 GHz frequency, and includes diagrams of the proposed transmitter, receiver, and rectification processes. If implemented, manufacturers could remove talk time from phone specifications as the phone would charge during use.
wireless charging of mobile phones using microwave full seminar reportHarish N Nayak
This document discusses wireless charging of mobile devices using microwaves. It describes three types of wireless charging - inductive, radio, and resonance charging. It then focuses on using microwaves for wireless charging. The electromagnetic spectrum is introduced, with microwaves described as radio waves between 1mm-1m wavelengths. A general block diagram shows the transmitting and receiving parts, with the transmitter using a magnetron to produce microwaves and a slotted waveguide antenna to transmit them, and the receiver using an impedance matching circuit and rectenna to convert the microwaves to DC power.
The document discusses wireless mobile phone charging through microwave power transmission and rectification. It describes the key components of the transmitter and receiver sections. The transmitter section consists of a magnetron to generate microwaves and a slotted waveguide antenna to transmit them. The receiver section uses a rectenna (rectifying antenna) made of a mesh of dipoles and diodes to convert received microwaves into DC electricity. It also includes a simple sensor circuit to detect when a call is taking place so that the phone can charge during a call. The overall system aims to wirelessly charge a mobile phone using microwave power transmitted to a rectenna attached to the phone.
This document proposes wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves transmitted from a transmitter. A rectenna and filter would be added to phones to convert microwave energy from a 2.45 GHz signal into electrical current to charge the battery. The system would allow phones to charge automatically as users talk without needing physical connections or being dependent on manufacturer or battery type. It describes the transmitter, slotted waveguide antenna, receiver design including the rectenna, sensor circuitry, and principle of operation where microwaves carrying a message signal would be received and converted to DC power by the rectenna to charge the phone. Potential implementations and advantages like remote charging and electricity savings are discussed alongside challenges like dependence on network coverage and slow charging rates.
This document discusses the technology behind self-charging mobile phones. It describes how radio waves can be used to wirelessly charge phones through a process called radiocharging. Radio waves are transmitted from an antenna and received by a receiver on the phone called a rectenna, which converts the radio waves to electric current to charge the battery. While the technology is still being developed and improved, self-charging phones would allow for more convenient charging without power cords.
PPT on Wireless charging of mobile using microwavesDivya KJ
This document describes a proposed system for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. The system would use a transmitter that sends microwave signals at 2.45 GHz along with voice data. Mobile phones would be equipped with a rectenna and sensor to receive the microwaves and convert them to electrical current to charge the phone battery while the user is talking. The document outlines the key components of the transmitter, receiver, and advantages such as eliminating the need for wired charging and ability to charge on the go. Potential disadvantages discussed include health effects of radiation exposure and dependence on network coverage for charging.
This document describes a proposed technology for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It works by using a magnetron to generate microwaves that are received by a rectenna on the phone which converts the microwaves to DC electricity to charge the battery. A sensor detects when a call is being made to trigger the rectenna to charge the phone. The technology would allow phones to be charged anywhere without needing a wired connection.
This document proposes a method for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It describes a transmitter that would use a magnetron to transmit a 2.45 GHz microwave signal along with a message signal. At the receiver, a rectenna containing a Schottky diode would convert the microwave energy to DC power to charge the phone. While this could eliminate wired charging, it may also present health and cost risks due to the necessary power levels and components.
This document outlines the design of a system to wirelessly charge mobile phones using microwaves. It describes a transmitter that uses a magnetron to transmit microwaves along with voice signals. Mobile phones would be outfitted with a rectenna and sensor circuitry. The rectenna uses a Schottky diode to convert received microwaves into DC power for charging. This design could allow mobile phones to charge during calls without needing a separate charger. Potential advantages include universal charging compatibility and no standalone chargers needed. Disadvantages include the transmitter and receiver requiring high power and potential health effects from microwave radiation.
Wireless mobile charging using microwavesKiriti Varkur
This document proposes a wireless mobile charging system using microwaves. It would allow phones to charge automatically as users talk, eliminating the need for physical charging cables. The system would consist of a transmitter using a magnetron and slotted waveguide antenna to broadcast microwaves. Receivers on phones would contain a sensor and rectenna to detect and convert the wireless energy into electricity to charge the battery. While this could provide more convenient charging anywhere, concerns include potential health effects of radiation exposure and higher system costs compared to wired charging.
The main objective of this current proposal is to make the recharging of the mobile phones independent of their manufacturer and battery make. In this paper a new proposal has been made so as to make the recharging of the mobile phones is done automatically as you talk in your mobile phone! This is done by use of microwaves.
The document discusses wireless charging, including its components, methods, standards, applications, and advantages/disadvantages. It focuses on inductive charging and describes how it works by using electromagnetic induction between transmitter and receiver coils to wirelessly transfer energy and charge batteries of electronic devices. The document also covers other wireless charging methods like resonance charging and radio charging.
This document describes a proposed technology for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It discusses how microwaves could be transmitted from base stations via a magnetron and slotted waveguide antenna. Mobile phones would be equipped with a rectenna to convert the microwave energy into electricity. The receiver section would use a sensor circuit and rectification process using a Schottky diode to produce DC power for charging. While this could allow for more convenient wireless charging over distances, concerns about radiation exposure and dependence on network coverage would need to be addressed. The technology could potentially transform mobile phone charging by eliminating wired connections.
Wireless charging of mobile phones by using microwavesAveen Meena
This document discusses wireless power transmission technology for charging mobile phones. It describes the principle of transmitting a microwave signal along with a message signal using a slotted waveguide antenna. The receiver, called a rectenna, receives the transmitted power and converts it to DC power for charging. Implementation in a Nokia phone is mentioned. Advantages include elimination of different chargers, while disadvantages include potential health effects and higher costs. Future applications to power other devices are noted.
This document discusses wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It describes how a microwave transmitter would transmit power using a magnetron at 2.45 GHz. A receiver called a rectenna, consisting of a mesh of dipoles and diodes, would convert the microwave energy into electrical power for charging the phone battery. A sensor circuit would detect when the phone is in use in order to trigger the rectenna. This would allow for automatic and wireless charging of mobile phones without needing separate chargers.
Wireless charging of mobile phones using microwaves pptHarish N Nayak
This document proposes a method for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It describes the system in terms of a transmitter section that uses a magnetron to generate microwaves, and a slotted waveguide antenna to transmit them. At the receiver, a rectenna converts the microwaves to DC power to charge the phone battery, while a sensor detects when a call is being made to activate the charging. Advantages include eliminating wired chargers and using a single transmitter for multiple providers, while disadvantages include potential health effects and high costs.
wireless charging of mobile phone using microwaveAkhil Raj
This document describes a proposed system for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It would work by transmitting microwave signals from an antenna along with message signals. Mobile phones would be equipped with a receiver called a rectenna that converts the microwave energy into direct current to charge the phone battery while the user is talking. The document outlines the system components, advantages like eliminating chargers and allowing charging anywhere, and disadvantages like potential health effects and high costs. It concludes that this novel concept could help charge phones without wires.
The document discusses the history and components of wireless power transmission using microwaves. It describes technologies developed at MIT media labs in 1997 to transmit power using electromagnetic waves. It outlines the key parts of wireless power systems including transmitters, receivers, antennas and discusses applications in charging phones and devices without wires. It proposes this as a novel method to deliver power where facilities are not available.
This document describes the design and working of a wireless charging system for mobile phones using microwaves. It discusses how microwaves are generated at a transmitter using a magnetron and directed via an antenna. At the receiver, a rectenna converts the microwaves to DC power to charge the phone when a sensor detects an incoming call signal. While wireless charging provides convenience over wires, its implementation has higher costs and charging can be slow if the transmitter and receiver networks are not powerful enough.
This document discusses the design of a system for automatically recharging mobile phones using microwaves. It describes a transmitter that sends microwave signals along with message signals using a slotted waveguide antenna at 2.45 GHz. Mobile phones would be equipped with a rectenna and sensor to receive the microwaves and convert them to electricity to charge the phone battery. When the sensor detects an incoming call signal, it triggers the rectenna to receive power from the microwaves. This would eliminate the need for separate chargers and allow for universal wireless phone charging anywhere.
This document describes a proposed technology for wirelessly charging mobile phones through the transmission of microwave signals. The system would include a transmitter that sends microwave signals along with voice data using a slotted waveguide antenna. Mobile phones would be fitted with a rectenna and sensor to receive the signals and convert them to electrical current to charge the phone battery. As the user talks on their phone, it would charge without needing a physical connection. Some benefits include eliminating wired chargers and allowing phones to charge anywhere. Potential issues include safety concerns over radiation exposure and limited charging rates.
The document describes a project to wirelessly charge mobile phones using microwaves. It discusses the transmitter and receiver designs, including the use of a magnetron oscillator and rectenna made of a Schottky diode and antenna. Some advantages are wireless charging anywhere and eliminating different chargers. Disadvantages include the need for powerful devices over long distances and potential health effects of radiation. The conclusion describes a novel method of mobile phone charging without wires using microwave power.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It discusses using a magnetron in the transmitter section to generate microwaves at 2.45 GHz, which are transmitted via a slotted waveguide antenna. In the receiver section, a sensor detects when a call is placed and a rectenna converts the microwave energy to DC power to charge the phone battery. Some advantages are wireless charging and potential to charge as long as a call is placed, while disadvantages include potential radiation issues and limited charging rates. The overall goal is to allow mobile phones to charge without wired connections.
Wireless charging of mobile phones using microwavesNaveen Kumar
The document proposes a method for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It discusses the electromagnetic spectrum and why the microwave region was selected. The system would include a microwave transmitter that sends power to a rectenna array attached to the phone via a slotted waveguide antenna. This would allow phones to charge without wired connections. However, concerns include potential health effects of the radiation and high costs to implement such a system.
In September 2015 we presented an update on the Australian and global economic situation and the current state of financial markets to our clients. We discussed the market volatility which has been a factor in recent months. We highlighted the causes of the increased volatility, being ongoing Greek debt saga, concerns over slowing Chinese economic growth, the prospect of rising interest rates in the US, and finally, the state of the Australian economy. To view the slides discussed during the function please see below.
The document summarizes outputs from Science Forum 13 on nutrition and health outcomes as targets for agricultural research. It discusses seven exchanges supported between early career scientists to create new partnerships. It also lists several research projects exploring topics like underutilized fruits and vegetables in home gardens in Bangladesh, fortified foods in Kenya, and wild edible plants in Bangladesh. The document notes that evaluation of the science forums shows benefits of networking and opportunities for young scientists, and there is scope to ensure new cross-cutting information reaches policymakers. A joint workshop discussed priority questions for research to improve nutrition from agriculture and how to evaluate the impact of agricultural interventions on nutrition.
This document appears to be a list with various dates from March 3rd 2021 to March 3rd 2024. It also includes section numbers and bullet point lists with additional numbers that seem to be referring to steps, parts or other subsections, though without more context it is difficult to determine what exactly is being summarized or listed.
PPT on Wireless charging of mobile using microwavesDivya KJ
This document describes a proposed system for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. The system would use a transmitter that sends microwave signals at 2.45 GHz along with voice data. Mobile phones would be equipped with a rectenna and sensor to receive the microwaves and convert them to electrical current to charge the phone battery while the user is talking. The document outlines the key components of the transmitter, receiver, and advantages such as eliminating the need for wired charging and ability to charge on the go. Potential disadvantages discussed include health effects of radiation exposure and dependence on network coverage for charging.
This document describes a proposed technology for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It works by using a magnetron to generate microwaves that are received by a rectenna on the phone which converts the microwaves to DC electricity to charge the battery. A sensor detects when a call is being made to trigger the rectenna to charge the phone. The technology would allow phones to be charged anywhere without needing a wired connection.
This document proposes a method for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It describes a transmitter that would use a magnetron to transmit a 2.45 GHz microwave signal along with a message signal. At the receiver, a rectenna containing a Schottky diode would convert the microwave energy to DC power to charge the phone. While this could eliminate wired charging, it may also present health and cost risks due to the necessary power levels and components.
This document outlines the design of a system to wirelessly charge mobile phones using microwaves. It describes a transmitter that uses a magnetron to transmit microwaves along with voice signals. Mobile phones would be outfitted with a rectenna and sensor circuitry. The rectenna uses a Schottky diode to convert received microwaves into DC power for charging. This design could allow mobile phones to charge during calls without needing a separate charger. Potential advantages include universal charging compatibility and no standalone chargers needed. Disadvantages include the transmitter and receiver requiring high power and potential health effects from microwave radiation.
Wireless mobile charging using microwavesKiriti Varkur
This document proposes a wireless mobile charging system using microwaves. It would allow phones to charge automatically as users talk, eliminating the need for physical charging cables. The system would consist of a transmitter using a magnetron and slotted waveguide antenna to broadcast microwaves. Receivers on phones would contain a sensor and rectenna to detect and convert the wireless energy into electricity to charge the battery. While this could provide more convenient charging anywhere, concerns include potential health effects of radiation exposure and higher system costs compared to wired charging.
The main objective of this current proposal is to make the recharging of the mobile phones independent of their manufacturer and battery make. In this paper a new proposal has been made so as to make the recharging of the mobile phones is done automatically as you talk in your mobile phone! This is done by use of microwaves.
The document discusses wireless charging, including its components, methods, standards, applications, and advantages/disadvantages. It focuses on inductive charging and describes how it works by using electromagnetic induction between transmitter and receiver coils to wirelessly transfer energy and charge batteries of electronic devices. The document also covers other wireless charging methods like resonance charging and radio charging.
This document describes a proposed technology for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It discusses how microwaves could be transmitted from base stations via a magnetron and slotted waveguide antenna. Mobile phones would be equipped with a rectenna to convert the microwave energy into electricity. The receiver section would use a sensor circuit and rectification process using a Schottky diode to produce DC power for charging. While this could allow for more convenient wireless charging over distances, concerns about radiation exposure and dependence on network coverage would need to be addressed. The technology could potentially transform mobile phone charging by eliminating wired connections.
Wireless charging of mobile phones by using microwavesAveen Meena
This document discusses wireless power transmission technology for charging mobile phones. It describes the principle of transmitting a microwave signal along with a message signal using a slotted waveguide antenna. The receiver, called a rectenna, receives the transmitted power and converts it to DC power for charging. Implementation in a Nokia phone is mentioned. Advantages include elimination of different chargers, while disadvantages include potential health effects and higher costs. Future applications to power other devices are noted.
This document discusses wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It describes how a microwave transmitter would transmit power using a magnetron at 2.45 GHz. A receiver called a rectenna, consisting of a mesh of dipoles and diodes, would convert the microwave energy into electrical power for charging the phone battery. A sensor circuit would detect when the phone is in use in order to trigger the rectenna. This would allow for automatic and wireless charging of mobile phones without needing separate chargers.
Wireless charging of mobile phones using microwaves pptHarish N Nayak
This document proposes a method for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It describes the system in terms of a transmitter section that uses a magnetron to generate microwaves, and a slotted waveguide antenna to transmit them. At the receiver, a rectenna converts the microwaves to DC power to charge the phone battery, while a sensor detects when a call is being made to activate the charging. Advantages include eliminating wired chargers and using a single transmitter for multiple providers, while disadvantages include potential health effects and high costs.
wireless charging of mobile phone using microwaveAkhil Raj
This document describes a proposed system for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It would work by transmitting microwave signals from an antenna along with message signals. Mobile phones would be equipped with a receiver called a rectenna that converts the microwave energy into direct current to charge the phone battery while the user is talking. The document outlines the system components, advantages like eliminating chargers and allowing charging anywhere, and disadvantages like potential health effects and high costs. It concludes that this novel concept could help charge phones without wires.
The document discusses the history and components of wireless power transmission using microwaves. It describes technologies developed at MIT media labs in 1997 to transmit power using electromagnetic waves. It outlines the key parts of wireless power systems including transmitters, receivers, antennas and discusses applications in charging phones and devices without wires. It proposes this as a novel method to deliver power where facilities are not available.
This document describes the design and working of a wireless charging system for mobile phones using microwaves. It discusses how microwaves are generated at a transmitter using a magnetron and directed via an antenna. At the receiver, a rectenna converts the microwaves to DC power to charge the phone when a sensor detects an incoming call signal. While wireless charging provides convenience over wires, its implementation has higher costs and charging can be slow if the transmitter and receiver networks are not powerful enough.
This document discusses the design of a system for automatically recharging mobile phones using microwaves. It describes a transmitter that sends microwave signals along with message signals using a slotted waveguide antenna at 2.45 GHz. Mobile phones would be equipped with a rectenna and sensor to receive the microwaves and convert them to electricity to charge the phone battery. When the sensor detects an incoming call signal, it triggers the rectenna to receive power from the microwaves. This would eliminate the need for separate chargers and allow for universal wireless phone charging anywhere.
This document describes a proposed technology for wirelessly charging mobile phones through the transmission of microwave signals. The system would include a transmitter that sends microwave signals along with voice data using a slotted waveguide antenna. Mobile phones would be fitted with a rectenna and sensor to receive the signals and convert them to electrical current to charge the phone battery. As the user talks on their phone, it would charge without needing a physical connection. Some benefits include eliminating wired chargers and allowing phones to charge anywhere. Potential issues include safety concerns over radiation exposure and limited charging rates.
The document describes a project to wirelessly charge mobile phones using microwaves. It discusses the transmitter and receiver designs, including the use of a magnetron oscillator and rectenna made of a Schottky diode and antenna. Some advantages are wireless charging anywhere and eliminating different chargers. Disadvantages include the need for powerful devices over long distances and potential health effects of radiation. The conclusion describes a novel method of mobile phone charging without wires using microwave power.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It discusses using a magnetron in the transmitter section to generate microwaves at 2.45 GHz, which are transmitted via a slotted waveguide antenna. In the receiver section, a sensor detects when a call is placed and a rectenna converts the microwave energy to DC power to charge the phone battery. Some advantages are wireless charging and potential to charge as long as a call is placed, while disadvantages include potential radiation issues and limited charging rates. The overall goal is to allow mobile phones to charge without wired connections.
Wireless charging of mobile phones using microwavesNaveen Kumar
The document proposes a method for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It discusses the electromagnetic spectrum and why the microwave region was selected. The system would include a microwave transmitter that sends power to a rectenna array attached to the phone via a slotted waveguide antenna. This would allow phones to charge without wired connections. However, concerns include potential health effects of the radiation and high costs to implement such a system.
In September 2015 we presented an update on the Australian and global economic situation and the current state of financial markets to our clients. We discussed the market volatility which has been a factor in recent months. We highlighted the causes of the increased volatility, being ongoing Greek debt saga, concerns over slowing Chinese economic growth, the prospect of rising interest rates in the US, and finally, the state of the Australian economy. To view the slides discussed during the function please see below.
The document summarizes outputs from Science Forum 13 on nutrition and health outcomes as targets for agricultural research. It discusses seven exchanges supported between early career scientists to create new partnerships. It also lists several research projects exploring topics like underutilized fruits and vegetables in home gardens in Bangladesh, fortified foods in Kenya, and wild edible plants in Bangladesh. The document notes that evaluation of the science forums shows benefits of networking and opportunities for young scientists, and there is scope to ensure new cross-cutting information reaches policymakers. A joint workshop discussed priority questions for research to improve nutrition from agriculture and how to evaluate the impact of agricultural interventions on nutrition.
This document appears to be a list with various dates from March 3rd 2021 to March 3rd 2024. It also includes section numbers and bullet point lists with additional numbers that seem to be referring to steps, parts or other subsections, though without more context it is difficult to determine what exactly is being summarized or listed.
This document summarizes discussions from a breakout session on understanding the links between agricultural innovation processes and delivering development impacts at scale. It outlines two case studies of interventions that successfully scaled - poultry vaccines for Newcastle disease in Africa and programs in Northeast Brazil to address extreme rural poverty. Key elements for innovation success identified include evidence of technology effectiveness, identifying applicable business models, supportive government policies, gender inclusion, capacity building, and flexibility. The document proposes elements for an analytical framework to guide research on relationships, institutions, and policies that enable innovation and poverty impact, including impact and innovation typologies as well as decision domains.
This document provides guidance on planning a blended learning program that combines face-to-face and online instruction. It emphasizes the importance of pre-planning by understanding the community of students, instructor, and instructional resources. For students, the pre-planning should involve research like surveys and interviews to understand their characteristics, expectations, and needs. As the instructor, pre-planning requires revising traditional materials and facilitating engaging communication. Instructional materials should be selected based on goals and technology that caters to student learning needs. The document also recommends tools like blogs, social media and podcasts to enhance content and encourage communication during blended learning.
The document provides information about various leadership conferences hosted by the Minnesota State College Student Association (MSCSA) including dates, locations, registration deadlines and rates. It discusses the roles and responsibilities of delegation leaders and how they can make conferences more welcoming. Information is also provided on how to register for conferences, campus reimbursement rates, ways to promote MSCSA on individual campuses, and hosting conferences locally. Next steps mentioned include sharing presidential election times to keep MSCSA informed of new campus presidents.
This document shows the step-by-step working of distributing a negative sign when multiplying a number by a binomial expression. It starts with the expression -3(6x + 1) and through distributing the negative sign, arrives at the equivalent expression -18x - 3 in 3 lines.
The document provides a summary of progress for the Strengthening Impact Assessment in the CGIAR (SIAC) program. Key points:
- SIAC is a 4-year $12 million program led by SPIA to broaden impact assessment of CGIAR research through developing new methods and data collection.
- The program's objectives are to develop innovative methods for data collection, institutionalize diffusion data collection, assess full impacts of CGIAR research, and support communities of practice for impact assessment.
- Activities under Objective 1 include pilot testing methods for tracking adoption of improved varieties and technologies in crops like cassava, maize, and beans in countries like Ghana, Uganda, and Zambia. Results show
This document outlines steps to improve energy efficiency in a home. It recommends replacing incandescent light bulbs with compact fluorescent lights (CFLs) to reduce energy usage. It also suggests adjusting the thermostat setting to use heating and cooling more efficiently when home. Additional recommendations include installing programmable thermostats, improving insulation, and sealing air leaks.
Theory provides general explanations and makes predictions, while principles are rules or standards of conduct. Theories in education give teachers a better understanding of learning and guide their methods. Psychological theories help explain human behavior and provide a framework for research. As new evidence is discovered, theories evolve.
Lactate removal in water jss&m (07)[1] meu artigofmasi
The document compares blood lactate removal during active recovery performed through cycling in water immersion versus cycling on land after a similar exercise bout. Eleven male subjects exercised on a treadmill and then recovered via cycling, with one group cycling in water and the other on land. Blood lactate levels were measured at various time points during recovery. Blood lactate levels were significantly lower during water immersion cycling compared to land cycling at the 6-minute and 15-minute time points, indicating that active recovery in water is more effective for removing blood lactate after exercise.
This document discusses wireless charging of mobile devices using microwaves. It describes three types of wireless charging - inductive, radio, and resonance charging. It then focuses on using microwaves for wireless charging. Microwaves with frequencies between 300MHz to 300GHz can transfer energy over short distances. The document proposes using the 2.45GHz ISM band to wirelessly charge mobiles. It provides block diagrams of the transmitter and receiver sections, describing the use of a magnetron to generate microwaves at the transmitter and a rectenna circuit to convert microwaves to DC power at the receiver.
This document discusses wireless charging of mobile phones using microwaves. It begins with an introduction to electromagnetic spectrum and the microwave region. It then discusses how wireless power transmission works using magnetic induction. The key components of a wireless power transmission system are a microwave generator, transmitting antenna, and receiving antenna called a rectenna. The system design section explains the transmitter and receiver design, including the use of a magnetron as the microwave generator. It also discusses the rectification process and inclusion of a sensor circuitry to allow charging when the phone is in use.
This document discusses wireless charging of mobile phones using microwaves. It begins with an introduction to electromagnetic spectrum and the microwave region. It then discusses how wireless power transmission works using magnetic induction. The key components of a wireless power transmission system are a microwave generator, transmitting antenna, and receiving antenna called a rectenna. The system design section explains the transmitter and receiver design, including the use of a magnetron as the microwave generator. It also discusses the rectification process and inclusion of a sensor circuitry to allow charging when the phone is in use.
This document summarizes a proposal for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It begins by introducing microwaves and their common uses including telecommunications and radar technology. It then outlines the proposal to add a rectenna to mobile phones to directly convert transmitted microwave energy into electricity to charge the phone battery. The rectenna would be a mesh of dipoles and diodes that absorb microwave energy from a transmitter and convert it into electric power. A sensor would also be added to detect when a call is being made so that charging only occurs during use. Potential limitations including device heating and size of rectennas are discussed. Existing inductive charging technologies are also overviewed as an alternative approach. The document concludes that wireless microwave charging could
This document describes a proposed system for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves transmitted from cell towers. It discusses the relevant components including a magnetron transmitter, slotted waveguide antenna, rectenna receiver, and sensor circuitry. The system would allow phones to charge as users make calls by converting received microwave energy to DC electricity via rectification. While avoiding wired charging, potential disadvantages include radiation risks, dependence on network coverage, and slow charging rates. The overall goal is to enable mobile charging anywhere without requiring charging facilities.
This document discusses the design of a system to wirelessly charge mobile phones using microwaves. It begins with background on microwaves and their properties. It then describes the key components of the wireless power transmission system, including the microwave generator, transmitting antenna, and receiving antenna. The document outlines the design of the transmitter, including the use of a magnetron and slotted waveguide antenna. It also covers the receiver design, focusing on the rectenna and its rectifying Schottky diode. A sensor circuit is included to detect when a call is taking place to trigger charging only during use.
Wireless charging uses electromagnetic induction or resonance to transfer power between devices without cables or plugs. There are three main types: inductive charging for small devices, resonance charging for larger items, and radio charging for low-power devices. The basic design consists of a transmitter that powers an antenna, which transmits energy to a receiver's antenna. Wireless charging provides convenience by eliminating cables and reducing waste compared to corded charging. However, it has limitations like shorter ranges and potential power losses. Research continues to improve efficiency and applications like electric vehicle charging.
This document discusses a method for automatically recharging mobile phones using microwaves. It proposes adding a rectenna and sensor to mobile phones to receive microwave signals transmitted from a base station. The rectenna would convert the microwave energy into electricity to charge the phone battery. When the sensor detects an incoming call signal, it would trigger the rectenna circuit to power on. This approach could eliminate the need for separate chargers and allow mobile phones to charge universally via microwave transmission. However, further reductions in the rectenna size and ensuring safe microwave power levels for humans require additional research.
This document discusses wireless charging, including its types, design, applications, advantages, and limitations. There are three main types of wireless charging: resonance charging, which uses coils tuned to the same frequency; inductive charging, which works through electromagnetic induction; and radio charging, which transmits power via radio waves. The basic design of a wireless charging system consists of a transmitter that generates power, antennas to transmit it, and receivers to charge devices. Wireless charging has applications for powering devices like mobile phones, laptops, and electric vehicles. Its advantages include convenience and reducing electronic waste, though efficiency and power loss remain challenges.
The wireless Power Transmission is a useful and proper technology is used in various fields like electronic devices, implantable medical devices, industry and other fields, and has become a research hotspot at home and abroad. Because it enables the transmission of electrical energy from a power source to an electrical load across an air gap without interconnecting wires. This paper reviews the methods used in the wireless power transmission system, recent technologies, future and its application, merits as well as demerits. Mrs. Yogita Shailesh Kadam "Wireless Power Transmission System- A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57380.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/57380/wireless-power-transmission-system-a-review/mrs-yogita-shailesh-kadam
Wireless charging is a method of charging batteries without cables or adapters by using electromagnetic fields. There are three main types of wireless charging: resonant charging, inductive charging, and radio charging. Resonant charging uses coils tuned to the same frequency to transfer power over larger distances and is used for electric cars and robots. Inductive charging creates an electromagnetic field to induce current in a receiving coil and is used for phones, MP3 players, and electric toothbrushes. Radio charging propagates radio waves to power devices like watches and hearing aids. The basic design consists of a transmitter that sends power signals, antennas to mediate between transmitter and receiver, and a receiver to rectify alternating current into direct current to charge a battery.
This document discusses wireless recharging/transmission technology. It begins with an introduction to the concept of wirelessly transmitting electricity without physical connection. It then provides a brief history of wireless transmission technology and discusses current techniques like inductive charging, evanescent wave coupling, and capacitive induction. The document also discusses far field electricity transmission using radio/microwave waves or lasers. Currently, induction-based wireless chargers have achieved 80-90% efficiency and are commercially available, while evanescent wave coupling research continues. Far field transmission is still inefficient and not economically viable.
This document discusses wireless recharging/transmission technology. It begins with an introduction to the concept of wirelessly transmitting electricity without physical connection. It then provides a brief history of wireless transmission technology and discusses current techniques like inductive charging, evanescent wave coupling, and capacitive induction. The document also discusses far field electricity transmission using radio/microwave waves or lasers. Currently, induction-based wireless chargers have achieved 80-90% efficiency and are commercially available, while evanescent wave coupling research continues. Far field transmission is still not economically viable due to low efficiency.
A presentation on wireless charging.
Inductive charging (also known as wireless charging or cordless charging) uses an electromagnetic field to transfer energy between two objects through electromagnetic induction. This is usually done with a charging station. Energy is sent through an inductive coupling to an electrical device, which can then use that energy to charge batteries or run the device.
Induction chargers use an induction coil to create an alternating electromagnetic field from within a charging base, and a second induction coil in the portable device takes power from the electromagnetic field and converts it back into electric current to charge the battery. The two induction coils in proximity combine to form an electrical transformer Greater distances between sender and receiver coils can be achieved when the inductive charging system uses resonant inductive coupling.
Recent improvements to this resonant system include using a movable transmission coil (i.e. mounted on an elevating platform or arm) and the use of other materials for the receiver coil made of silver plated copper or sometimes aluminium to minimize weight and decrease resistance due to the skin effect.
RF Energy Harvesting for Wireless DevicesIJERD Editor
Radio Frequency (RF) energy transfer and harvesting techniques have recently become alternative methods to empower the next generation wireless networks. As this emerging technology enables proactive energy replenishment of wireless devices, it is advantageous in supporting applications with quality of service requirements. In this paper, some wireless power transfer methods, RF energy harvesting networks, various receiver architectures and existing applications are presented. Finally, some open research directions are envisioned.
This document proposes a system for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It describes a transmitter that would send microwaves along with voice signals using a slotted waveguide antenna. Mobile phones would be equipped with a rectenna to convert the received microwaves into direct current to charge the battery. The more a phone is used for calls, the more it would charge. Key components discussed include the magnetron transmitter, slotted waveguide antenna, Schottky diode-based rectenna, and sensor circuitry to detect incoming calls. Advantages are listed as eliminating separate chargers and allowing charging anywhere, while disadvantages include slower charging and potential health effects of radiation.
This document proposes a system for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It would work by transmitting microwave signals from an antenna at 2.45 GHz, the same frequency used by devices in the industrial, scientific, and medical bands. A receiver attached to each phone would contain a rectenna, which combines a rectifier and antenna to convert the microwave energy into pulsing DC electricity to charge the phone battery. The more a phone is used for calls, the more it would charge without needing to be plugged in. While this could eliminate separate chargers, there are disadvantages like slower charging and potential health effects from the radiation.
Wireless charging technology and related technologyJackieZhang36
Wireless charging technologies include electromagnetic induction, magnetic resonance, and microwave resonance. Electromagnetic induction, used in most current wireless chargers, generates an alternating magnetic field through a transmitter coil that induces a current in a nearby receiver coil. Magnetic resonance allows charging over greater distances of several centimeters to meters by perfectly matching transmitter and receiver coils. Microwave resonance transmits energy via microwaves that are converted back to electrical signals for charging. Wireless charging is gaining popularity due to waterproofing mobile devices, innovative industrial designs without ports, and applications in smart homes, cars, and for underwater workers. The market is estimated to reach 400 million unit shipments in 2020 and continue rapid growth over the next decade.
The document is a seminar report on wireless charging submitted by Mohammad Affan to M.J.P Rohilkhand University in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor's degree in Computer Applications. It discusses three main types of wireless charging - inductive charging, radio charging, and resonance charging. Inductive charging uses electromagnetic induction to transfer energy through induction coils, while radio charging is used for small, low-power devices and resonance charging is used for high-power devices that require large amounts of energy.
This powerpoint presentation discusses the design of a system for wirelessly charging mobile phones using microwaves. It includes sections on the transmitter and receiver design, use of a rectenna to convert microwave energy to DC power, and the advantages of eliminating the need for wired charging cables. The presentation contains 20 pages describing the various components of the wireless charging system in detail including the magnetron, Schottky diode, sensor circuitry and concludes by discussing future applications using nanotechnology.
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/how-axelera-ai-uses-digital-compute-in-memory-to-deliver-fast-and-energy-efficient-computer-vision-a-presentation-from-axelera-ai/
Bram Verhoef, Head of Machine Learning at Axelera AI, presents the “How Axelera AI Uses Digital Compute-in-memory to Deliver Fast and Energy-efficient Computer Vision” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
As artificial intelligence inference transitions from cloud environments to edge locations, computer vision applications achieve heightened responsiveness, reliability and privacy. This migration, however, introduces the challenge of operating within the stringent confines of resource constraints typical at the edge, including small form factors, low energy budgets and diminished memory and computational capacities. Axelera AI addresses these challenges through an innovative approach of performing digital computations within memory itself. This technique facilitates the realization of high-performance, energy-efficient and cost-effective computer vision capabilities at the thin and thick edge, extending the frontier of what is achievable with current technologies.
In this presentation, Verhoef unveils his company’s pioneering chip technology and demonstrates its capacity to deliver exceptional frames-per-second performance across a range of standard computer vision networks typical of applications in security, surveillance and the industrial sector. This shows that advanced computer vision can be accessible and efficient, even at the very edge of our technological ecosystem.
“How Axelera AI Uses Digital Compute-in-memory to Deliver Fast and Energy-eff...
MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER
1. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
The electromagnetic spectrum as shown in the Fig 1.1 is the range of all possible frequencies of
electromagnetic radiation. The "electromagnetic spectrum" of an object is the characteristic
distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by that particular object.
The electromagnetic spectrum extends from low frequencies used for modern radio to gamma
radiation at the short-wavelength end, covering wavelengths from thousands of kilometers down
to a fraction of the size of an atom. The long wavelength limit is the size of the universe itself,
while it is thought that the short wavelength limit is in the vicinity of the Planck length, although
in principle the spectrum is infinite and continuous.
Some physicists pretend that light consists of tiny particles which they call photons. They travel
at the speed of light. The speed of light is about 300,000,000 meters per second. When they hit
something they might bounce off, go right through or get absorbed. What happens is depends
on a bit and how much energy they have. If they bounce off something and then go into eye will
cause to see the things they have bounced off. Some things like glass and Perspex will let them
go through. These materials are transparent. Black objects absorb the photons so it results not be
able to see black things. This is the problem has to be sorted out. These poor old physicists get a
little bit confused when they try to explain why some photons go through a leaf, some are
reflected, and some are absorbed. They say that it is because they have different amounts of
energy.
Other physicists pretend that light is made of waves. These physicists measure the length of the
waves and this helps them to explain what happens when light hits and leaves. The light with the
longest wavelength (red) is absorbed by the green stuff (chlorophyll) in the leaves. There is green
light, this is allowed to pass right through or is reflected. (Indigo and violet have shorter
wavelengths than blue light.)
2. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 2
Fig 1.1: Electromagnetic spectrum
It is easy to explain some of the properties of light by pretending that it is made of tiny particles
called photons and it is easy to explain other properties of light by pretending that it is some kind
of wave.
The visible spectrum is just one small part of the electromagnetic spectrum. These
electromagnetic waves are made up of two parts. The first part is an electric field. The second
part is a magnetic field. So they are called as electromagnetic waves. The two fields are at right
angles to each other.
1.2 MICROWAVE REGION
Microwaves are good for transmitting information from one place to another because microwave
energy can penetrate haze, light rain and snow, clouds, and smoke.
Shorter microwaves are used in remote sensing. These microwaves are used for clouds and
smoke, these waves are good for viewing the Earth from space Microwave waves are used in the
communication industry and in the kitchen as a way to cook foods. Microwave radiation is still
3. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 3
associated with energy levels that are usually considered harmless except for people with pace
makers.
The frequency selection is another important aspect in transmission. Here we are going to use the
S band of the Microwave Spectrum, which lies between 2-4GHz.We have selected the license
free 2.45 GHz ISM band for our purpose. The Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) radio
bands were originally reserved internationally for non-commercial use of RF electromagnetic
fields for industrial, scientific and medical purposes. In recent years they have also been used for
license-free error-tolerant communications applications such as wireless LANs and Bluetooth.
Frequency range
• L Band l to 2 GHz
• S Band 2 to 4 GHz
• C Band 4 to 8 GHz
• X Band 8 to 12 GHz
• K11 Band 12 to 18 GHz
• K Band 18 to 26 GHz
• Ka Band 26 to 40 GHz.
• Q Band 30 to 50 GHz
• U Band 40 to 60 GHz
• V Band 46 to 56 GHz
• W Band 56 to 100 GHz
The S band of the Microwave Spectrum is useful for wireless charging.
4. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 4
Fig1.2 Microwave region
5. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 5
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
Wireless charging is any of several methods of charging batteries without the use of cables or
device-specific AC adaptors. Wireless charging can be used for a wide variety of devices
including cell phones, laptop computers and MP3 players as well as larger objects, such as robots
and electric cars.
2.1 DIFFERENT TYPES OF WIRELESS CHARGING
The different types of wireless charging are:
• Inductive charging,
• radio charging
• Resonance charging.
2.1.1 INDUCTIVE CHARGING
It is used for charging mid-sized items such as cell phones, MP3 players and PDAs. In inductive
charging, an adapter equipped with contact points is attached to the device's back plate. When
the device requires a charge, it is placed on a conductive charging pad, which is plugged into a
socket.
Inductive charging carries a far lower risk of electrical shock, when compared with conductive
charging, because there are no exposed conductors. The ability to fully enclose the charging
connection also makes the approach attractive where water impermeability is required; for
instance, inductive charging is used for implanted medical devices that require periodic or even
constant external power, and for electric hygiene devices, such as toothbrushes and shavers, that
are frequently used near or even in water. Inductive charging makes charging mobile devices
more convenient; rather than having to connect a power cable, the device can be placed on a
charge plate.
6. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 6
One disadvantage of inductive charging is its lower efficiency and increased ohmic (resistive)
heating in comparison to direct contact. Implementations using lower frequencies or older drive
technologies charge more slowly and generate heat for most portable electronics, [excitation
needed] the technology-is nonetheless commonly used in some electric toothbrushes and
wet/dry electric shavers, partly for the advantage that the battery contacts can be completely
sealed to prevent exposure to water. Inductive charging also requires drive electronics and coils
that increase manufacturing complexity and cost.
2.1.2 RADIO CHARGING
It is used for charging items with small batteries and low power requirements, such as watches,
hearing aids, medical implants, cell phones, MP3 players and wireless keyboard and mice. Radio
waves are already in use to transmit and receive cellular telephone, television, radio and Wi-Fi
signals. Wireless radio charging works similarly. A transmitter, plugged into a socket, generates
radio waves. When the receiver attached to the device is set to the same frequency as the
transmitter, it will charge the device's battery.
2.1.3 RESONANCE CHARGING
It is used for items that require large amounts of power, such as an electric car, robot, vacuum
cleaner or laptop computer. In resonance charging, a copper coil attached to a power source is
the sending unit. Another coil, attached to the device to be charged, is the receiver. Both coils are
tuned to the same electromagnetic frequency, which makes it possible for energy to be
transferred from one to the other. The method works over short distances (3-5 meters).
The idea of wireless power transmission is not new. In 1899, Nikola Tesla wirelessly transmitted
100 million volts of electricity 26 miles to light 200 bulbs and run an electric motor.
7. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 7
CHAPTER 3
MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER
3.1OVERVIEW
With mobile phones becoming a basic part of life, the recharging of mobile phone batteries has
always been a problem. The mobile phones vary in their talk time and battery standby according
to their manufacturer and batteries. All these phones irrespective of their manufacturer and
batteries have to be put to recharge after the battery has drained out. The main objective of this
current proposal is to make the recharging of the mobile phones independent of their
manufacturer and battery make.
A new proposal has been made so as to make the recharging of the mobile phones is done
automatically as you talk in your mobile phone. This is done by use of microwaves. The
microwave signal is transmitted from the transmitter along with the message signal using special
kind of antennas called slotted wave guide antenna at a frequency of 2.45 GHz.There are
minimal additions, which have to be made in the mobile handsets, which are the addition of a
sensor, a ‘rectenna’, and a ‘filter’. With the above setup, the need for separate chargers for
mobile phones is eliminated and makes charging universal. Thus the more you talk, the more
your mobile phone will be charged. Thus this seminar successfully demonstrates a novel method
of using the power of the microwave to charge the mobile phones without the use of wired
chargers. Thus this method provides great advantage to the mobile phone users to carry their
phones anywhere even if the place is devoid of facilities for charging. A novel use of the
rectenna and a sensor in a mobile phone could provide a new dimension in the revelation of
mobile phone.
With mobile phones becoming a basic part of life, the recharging of mobile phone batteries has
always been a problem. The mobile phones vary in their talk time and battery stand by according
to their manufacturer and batteries. All these phones irrespective of their manufacturer and
batteries have to be put to recharge after the battery has drained out. The main objective of this
current proposal is to make the recharging of the mobile phones independent of their
manufacturer and battery make.
8. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 8
3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig 3.1: Block Diagram
Microwave mobile charger consists of two parts. One is transmitting part and the other is the
Receiving part. At the transmitting end there is one microwave power source which is actually
producing microwaves i.e magnetron and a slotted waveguide antenna. It spread the Microwaves
in a space and sent it to the receiver side. Receiver side Impedance matching circuit receives the
microwave signal through Recteena circuit. This circuit is nothing but the combination of filter
circuit and the schottky Diode. Which actually convert our microwave in to the DC power.
3.2.1 Magnetron
The Magnetron is a self-contained microwave oscillator that operates differently from the linear-
beam tubes, such as the TWT and the klystron CROSSED-ELECTRON and MAGNETIC fields
are used in the magnetron to produce the high-power output required in radar and
communications equipment.
Transmitting
station with the
microwave
transmitter
sensor
Rectenna
RT cable
circulator
waveguide
Slotted waveguide
Antenna
mobile signal
9. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 9
The magnetron is classed as a diode because it has no grid. A magnetic field located in the space
between the plate (anode) and the cathode serves as a grid. The plate of a magnetron does not
have the same physical appearance as the plate of an ordinary electron tube. Since conventional
inductive-capacitive (LC) networks become impractical at microwave frequencies, the plate is
fabricated into a cylindrical copper block containing resonant cavities that serve as tuned circuits.
The magnetron base differs considerably from the conventional tube base. The magnetron base is
short in length and has large diameter leads that are carefully.
The cathode and filament are at the center of the tube and are supported by the filament leads.
The filament leads are large and rigid enough to keep the cathode and filament structure fixed in
position. The output lead is usually a probe or loop extending into one of the tuned cavities and
coupled into a waveguide or coaxial line. The cylindrical holes around its circumference are
resonant cavities. A narrow slot runs from each cavity into the central portion of the tube
dividing the inner structure into as many segments as there are cavities. Alternate segments are
strapped together to put the cavities in parallel with regard to the output. The cavities control the
output frequency.
The straps are circular, metal bands that are placed across the top of the block at the entrance
slots to the cavities. It must also have good emission characteristics, particularly under return
bombardment by the electrons. This is because most of the output power is provided by the large
number of electrons that are emitted when high-velocity electrons return to strike the cathode.
The cathode is indirectly heated and is constructed of a high-emission material. The open space
between the plate and the cathode is called the INTERACTION SPACE.
The cylindrical holes around its circumference are resonant cavities. A narrow slot runs from
each cavity into the central portion of the tube dividing the inner structure into as many segments
as there are cavities.Alternate segments are strapped together to put the cavities in parallel with
regard to the output. The cavities control the output frequency.The cathode and filament are at
the center of the tube and are supported by the filament leads. The filament leads are large and
rigid enough to keep the cathode and filament structure fixed in position. The output lead is
usually a probe or loop extending into one of the tuned cavities and coupled into a wave guide or
coaxial line.
10. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 10
Fig 3.2: Magnetron
• Magnetron is a high power microwave oscillator and it is used in microwave oven and
radar transmitter.
• It is itself a special kind of vaccumtube that has permanent magnet in its constructions.
• This magnet is setup to affect the path of travel of electrons that are in transit from
cathode to the plate.
• Magnetron is capable to deliver more power than reflex klystron or gunn diode.
• It is a high power oscillator and has high efficiency of 50% to 80%.
• Magnetron is a device which produces microwave radiation of radar application and
microwaves.
• Magnetron functions as self-excited microwave oscillator.
11. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 11
• Crossed electron and magnetic fields are used to produce magnetron to produce the high
power output required in radar equipment.
• These multi cavity devices are used in transmitters as pulsed or cw oscillators to produce
microwave radiation.
• Disadvantage of magnetron is that it works only on fixed frequency
• This magnet is setup to affect the path of travel of electrons that are in transit from
cathode to the plate.
• Magnetron functions as self-excited microwave oscillator.
3.2.2 THE SLOTTED WAVEGUIDE ANTENNA
A slotted waveguide is a waveguide that is used as an antenna in microwave radar applications.
Prior to its use in surface search radar, such systems used a parabolic segment reflector. The
circulator is connected to a tuning waveguide section to match the waveguide impedance to the
antenna input impedance.
The slotted waveguide antenna consists of 8 waveguide sections with 8 slots on each section.
These 64 slots radiate the power uniformly through free space to the rectenna. The slotted
waveguide antenna is ideal for power transmission because of its high aperture efficiency (>
95%) and high power handling capability.
3.2.3 RECTENNA
The basic addition to the mobile phone is going to be the rectenna. A rectenna is a rectifying
antenna, a special type of antenna that is used to directly convert microwave energy into DC
electricity. Its elements are usually arranged in a mesh pattern, giving it a distinct appearance
from most antennae. A simple rectenna can be constructed from a schottky diode placed between
antenna dipoles. The diode rectifies the current induced in the antenna by the microwaves.
12. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 12
Rectenna are highly efficient at converting microwave energy to electricity. In' laboratory
environments, efficiencies above 90% have been observed with regularity.
Theoretically, high efficiencies can be maintained as the device shrinks, but experiments funded
by the United States National Renewable Energy Laboratory have so far only obtained roughly
1% efficiency while using infrared light. Another important part of our receiver circuitry is a
simple sensor. This is simply used to identify when the mobile phone user is talking. As our
main objective is to charge the mobile phone with the transmitted microwave after rectifying it
by the rectenna, the sensor plays an important role. The whole setup looks something like this.
As our main objective is to charge the mobile phone with the transmitted microwave after
rectifying it by the rectenna, the sensor plays an important role. The whole setup looks
something like this.
Fig3.4 Rectenna
13. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 13
3.2.4 SENSOR CIRCUITRY
The sensor circuitry is a simple circuit as shown in the Fig 6, which detects if the mobile phone
receives any message signal. This is required, as the phone has to be charged as long as the user
is talking Thus a simple F to V converter would serve our purpose. In India the operating
frequency of the mobile phone operators is generally 900MHz or 1800MHz for the GSM system
for mobile communication .Thus the usage of simple F to Y converter would act as switches to
trigger the rectenna circuit to on.
Fig.3.5 LM2907
A simple yet powerful F to V converter is LM2907.using LM2907 would greatly serve our
purpose. It acts as a switch for triggering the rectenna circuitry.
The general block diagram for the LM2097 is given below Thus a simple F to V converter would
serve our purpose. In India the operating frequency of the mobile phone operators is generally
900MHz or 1800MHz for the GSM system for mobile communication. Thus the usage of simple
F to Y converter would act as switches to trigger the rectenna circuit to on. Thus on the reception
of the signal the sensor circuitry directs the rectenna circuit to ON and the mobile phone begins
to change using the microwave power.
3.2.5 SCHOTTKY BARRIER DIODE
A Schottky diode is a special type of diode with a very low forward-voltage drop. When current
flows through a diode there is a small voltage drop across the diode terminals. A normal silicon
14. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 14
diode has a voltage drop between 0.6–1.7 volts, while a Schottky diode voltage drop is between
approximately 0.15–0.45 volts. This lower voltage drop can provide higher switching speed and
better system efficiency. Another advantage of the Schottky barrier diode is a very low noise
index that is very important for a communication receiver. A Schottky barrier diode is different
from a common P/N silicon diode. The common diode is formed by connecting a P type
semiconductor with an N type semiconductor, this is connecting between a semiconductor and
another semiconductor; however, a Schottky barrier diode is formed by connecting a metal with
a semiconductor. When the metal contacts the semiconductor, there will be a layer of potential
barrier (Schottky barrier) formed on the contact surface of them, which shows a characteristic of
rectification. The material of the semiconductor usually is a semiconductor of n-type
(occasionally p-type), and the material of metal generally is chosen from different metals such as
molybdenum, chromium, platinum and tungsten. Sputtering technique connects the metal and the
semiconductor.
A Schottky barrier diode is a majority carrier device, while a common diode is a minority carrier
device. When a common PN diode is turned from electric connecting to circuit breakage, the
redundant minority carrier on the contact surface should be removed to result in time delay. The
Schottky barrier diode itself has no minority carrier, it can quickly turn from electric connecting
to circuit breakage, its speed is much faster than a common P/N diode, so its reverse recovery
time Trr is very short and shorter than 10 nS. And the forward voltage bias of the Schottky
barrier diode is under 0.6V or so, lower than that (about 1.1V) of the common PN diode. So, The
Schottky barrier diode is a comparatively ideal diode, such as for a 1 ampere limited current PN
interface.
3.3PROCESS OF RECTIFICATION
Studies on various microwave power rectifier configurations show that a bridge configuration is
better than a single diode one. But the dimensions and the cost of that kind of solution do not
meet our objective. This study consists in designing and simulating a single diode power rectifier
in hybrid technology with improved sensitivity at low power levels. We achieved good
matching between simulation results and measurements thanks to the optimization of the
packaging of the Schottky diode.
15. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 15
Microwave energy transmitted from space to earth apparently has the potential to provide
environmentally clean electric power on a very large scale. The key to improve transmission
efficiency is the rectifying circuit. The aim of this study is to make a low cost power rectifier for
low and high power levels at a.
The cathode and filament are at the center of the tube and are supported by the filament leads.
The filament leads are large and rigid enough to keep the cathode and filament structure fixed in
position. The output lead is usually a probe or loops extending into one of the tuned cavities and
coupled into a waveguide or coaxial line. The plate structure, is a solid block of copper. The
cylindrical holes around its circumference are resonant cavities. A narrow slot runs from each
cavity into the central portion of the tube dividing the inner structure into as many segments as
there are cavities. Alternate segments are strapped together to put the cavities in parallel with
regard to the output. The cavities control the output frequency. The straps are circular, metal
bands that are placed across the top of the block at the entrance slots to the cavities. Since the
cathode must operate at high power, it must be fairly large and must also be able to withstand
high operating temperatures.
It must also have good emission characteristics, particularly under return bombardment by the
electrons. This is because most of the output power is provided by the large number of electrons
that are emitted when high-velocity electrons return to strike the cathode.
The cathode is indirectly heated and is constructed of a high-emission material. The open space
between the plate and the cathode is called the INTERACTION SPACE. In this space the
electric and magnetic fields interact to exert force upon the electrons. Arranged in a mesh pattern
so give it a distinct appearance from most antenna. A simple rectenna can be constructed from a
schottky diode placed between antenna dipoles. The diode rectifies the current induced in the
antenna by the microwaves.
Rectenna are highly efficient at converting microwave energy to electricity. In laboratory
environments, efficiencies above 90% have been observed with regularity. Some
experimentation has been done with inverse rectenna, converting electricity into microwave
energy, but efficiencies are much lower-only in the area of 1%.
16. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 16
With the advent of nanotechnology and MEMS the size of these devices can be brought down to
molecular level. It has been theorized that similar devices, scaled down to the proportions used in
nanotechnology, could be used to convert light into electricity at much greater efficiencies than
what is currently possible with solar cells. This type of device is called an optical rectenna.
Theoretically, high efficiencies can be maintained as the device shrinks, but experiments funded
by the United States National Renewable Energy Laboratory have so far only obtained roughly
1% efficiency while using infrared light. Another important part of our receiver circuitry is a
simple sensor. This is simply used to identify when the mobile phone user is talking. As our
main objective is to charge the mobile phone with the transmitted microwave after rectifying it
by the rectenna, the sensor plays an important role.
A Schottky barrier diode is different from a common P/N silicon diode. The common diode is
formed by connecting a P type semiconductor with an N type semiconductor, this is connecting
between a semiconductor and another semiconductor; however, a Schottky barrier diode is
formed by connecting a metal with a semiconductor. When the metal contacts the
semiconductor, there will be a layer of potential barrier (Schottky barrier) formed on the contact
surface of them, which shows a characteristic of rectification. The material of the semiconductor
usually is a semiconductor of n-type (occasionally p-type), and the material of metal generally is
chosen from different metals such as molybdenum, chromium, platinum and tungsten. Sputtering
technique connects the metal and the semiconductor.
A Schottky barrier diode is a majority carrier device, while a common diode is a minority carrier
device. When a common PN diode is turned from electric connecting to circuit breakage, the
redundant minority carrier on the contact surface should be removed to result in time delay. The
Schottky barrier diode itself has no minority carrier, it can quickly turn from electric connecting
to circuit breakage, its speed is much faster than a common P/N diode, so its reverse recovery
time Trr is very short and shorter than 10 nS. And the forward voltage bias of the Schottky
barrier diode is under 0.6V or so, lower than that of the common PN diode. So, The Schottky
barrier diode is a comparatively ideal diode, such as for a 1 ampere limited current PN interface.
Frequency of 2.45GHz with good efficiency of rectifying operation. The objective also is to
increase the detection sensitivity at low levels of power. Different configurations can be used to
convert the electromagnetic wave into DC signal, the study done in showed that the use of a
17. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 17
bridge is better than a single diode, but the purpose of this study is to achieve a low cost
microwave rectifier with single Schottky diode for low and high power levels that has a good
performances. This study is divided on two kinds of technologies the first is the hybrid
technology and the second is the monolithic one. The goal of this investigation is the
development of a hybrid microwave rectifier with single Schottky diode.
The first study of this circuit is based on the optimization of the rectifier in order to have a good
matching of the Input impedance at the desired frequency 2.45GHz. Besides, the aim of the
second study is the increasing of the detection sensitivity at low levels of power.
This study is divided on two kinds of technologies the first is the hybrid technology and the
second is the monolithic one. The goal of this investigation is the development of a hybrid
microwave rectifier with single Schottky diode. The first study of this circuit is based on the
optimization of the rectifier in order to have a good matching of the input impedance the desired
frequency of 2.45GHz.
18. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 18
CHAPTER 4
ADVANTAGES
• The main advantage of Sensor circuitry is Reduce the usage of high electricity.
• Make the recharging of the mobile phones independent of their manufacturer.
• Make use of valuable EM energy.
• If Sensor circuitry is Very small circuitry in size.
• More economical than wired charging.
• Wireless energy transfer can potentially recharge the mobile phones without chords.
• Only one microwave transmitter can serve to all the service providers in that area.
• The need of different types of chargers by different manufacturers is totally eliminated.
19. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 19
CHAPTER 5
DISADVANTAGES
• The transmitter and receiver also should be very powerful devices as the distance
increases.
• Wireless transmission of the energy causes some drastic effects to human body, because
of its radiation.
• Practical possibilities are not yet applicable as there is no much advancement in this field.
• The Capital Cost for practical implementation of WPT seems to be very high.
• Theiris interference of microwave with present communication systems.
20. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 20
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
Thus this paper successfully demonstrates a novel method of using the power of the microwave
to charge the mobile phones without the use of wired chargers. Thus this method provides great
advantage to the mobile phone users to carry their phones anywhere even if the place is devoid of
facilities for charging. A novel use of the rectenna and a sensor in a mobile phone could provide a
new dimension in the revelation of mobile phone.
In future wireless charging can even be done using the data exchange as now only its only been
implemented for voice calls. With the advent of nanotechnology and MEMS the size of these
rectennas can be brought down to molecular level. It has been theorized that similar devices,
scaled down to the proportions used in nanotechnology, could be used to convert light into
electricity at much greater efficiencies than what is currently possible with solar cells. This type
of device is called an optical rectenna.
21. MICROWAVE MOBILE CHARGER BISHOP JEROME INSTITUTE, KOLLAM
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Page 21
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[5] California EMF Program 2001 - An Evaluation of the possible risks from electric and
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[6]Glenn Elert. "The Electromagnetic Spectrum, The Physics Hypertextbook".
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