The Tanzimat era in the Ottoman Empire lasted from 1839 to 1871 and marked a period of major political and administrative reforms. The reforms were a response to the empire's deepening crisis in the early 19th century due to internal contradictions and European powers seeking to increase their influence in the Balkans. Key reforms during this period included establishing a more centralized administrative system modeled after France, military reforms, reorganizing the bureaucracy and provincial administration, implementing secular laws and education, and increasing economic integration. The Crimean War from 1853 to 1856 further highlighted the need for reforms as it resulted in restrictions on Russian influence in the Balkans. Sultan Abdulhamid II later came to power from 1876 to 1909 and tried to preserve

1. THE ERA OF THE
TANZIMAT
International Ataturk Ala-Too University
Department International Relations
Subject: Turkey and World Politic
Lecturer: Ibrahim Koncak
Student: Eliza Sulaimanova

2. Tanzimat (from arab. tanzim is organization)
(1839-1871). Middle 19 century marked in
the Ottoman empire realization of the wide-
range program of the reforms, prepared by
Mustafa Rashit Pasha and ratified by a
sultan Abdulmejit, senior son and successor
of Mahmut II.

3. Pre-conditions of reforms
The necessity of reforms was caused by
deepening at the beginning of the XIX
century of crisis of the Ottoman empire
because of height of self-contradictions
and intensifying of fight of the European
states for domination on Balkans and

4. Already in the first half of XIX of century,
especially after completion of industrial
revolution in Europe, operating of municipal
handicraft condition, both in Asian and the
European provinces became worse sharply,
many industries had fallen into a decay from
going into the market of where more cheap
and frequently quality European products.

5. feudal system was transferable the
new strictly centralized
administrative-territorial system
created on the French standard.
The functions of central executive
power were gradually passed to
the newly established advices that
from simple consultative organs
grew into the ministries of modern
type.

6. The Crimean War 1853-
1856
War, begun by Russia against Turkey
for domination in black sea channels
and on the Balkan peninsula and
growing into war against coalition of
England, France, Ottoman empire

7. • Demilitarization of the Black Sea
(also on the Turkish side!)
• An end to Russian influence in
Moldavia and Wallachia; and
• A guarantee of the independence
and integrity of the Ottoman
Empire on the part of all the major
European powers.

8. The Tanzimat. There can be no doubt
that continuous external pressure was an
important incentive for the internal
administrative and legal reforms
announced during the period of the
Tanzimat (1839-1871)

9. Reforms:
 Military
 Reform of the central bureaucracy
 The provincial administration & the Tax systems
 Judicial procedures & secular laws
 Secular education
 Increasing economic incorporation
 Cultural changes
 Social changes
 Cultural changes

10. The Crisis of 1873–78 and
its
Aftermath
A number of developments coincided
to cause this crisis. Internationally, the
empire’s position had begun to change
even before Ali Pasha’s death. The
opening of the Suez Canal in 1869
meant that Egypt, rather than the
empire, became the focus of interest

11. Reactionary Despotism or Culmination
of the Reforms? The Reign of Sultan
Abdulhamit II
(22 Sept 1842 – 10 Febr 1918)
(31 August 1876 – 27 April
1909)

12. Abdulhamit II was last autocratic ruler of
the Ottoman Empire. Tried to set the
mode of power and preserve the
territorial integrity of the Empire based on
the ideology of Pan-Islamism. Rapidly
weakening and disintegrating the
Ottoman Empire when it finally turned
into a semi-colony of the European
powers

13. Thanks for your
Attention