This document summarizes Microsoft's cloud services architecture. It describes several core cloud services including compute services for hosting scalable web applications, storage services for storing data in the cloud, and management services for monitoring applications and resources. It also discusses additional services like a service bus for connecting applications, a database service, and an access control service for authentication across organizations. The cloud services operating system aims to provide on-demand computing and storage capabilities to host, scale, and manage applications in the cloud.
AWS for Start-ups - Leveraging AWS for the Lean Development CycleAmazon Web Services
This presentation looks at how start-ups can use AWS to power a lean lifecycle when running, scaling, and iterating.
By Ryan Shuttleworth, AWS Technical Evangelist
Hybrid clouds are quickly forming on the horizon, and they are transforming the way that organizations do business. Join David Butler, SVP of Marketing at Eucalyptus, Judith Hurwitz, President and CEO, and Marcia Kaufman, COO and partner, of Hurwitz & Associates and co-authors of “Hybrid Cloud For Dummies” to learn what this new cloud deployment model is all about.
DDHS 2009 Microsoft Heads In The Cloud Feet On The Ground Peter de Haas...Peter de Haas
Presentation I gave on 15 Sept 2009 at the Dutch Datacenter & Hosting Summit 2009.
Main topics of the presentation :
- Look beyond the hype of cloudcomputing
- Microosft vision for cloud computing / online slutions
- Importance of a Partner ecosystem
- The ability to choose the right sourcing and deployment scenario for your organisation
AWS for Start-ups - Leveraging AWS for the Lean Development CycleAmazon Web Services
This presentation looks at how start-ups can use AWS to power a lean lifecycle when running, scaling, and iterating.
By Ryan Shuttleworth, AWS Technical Evangelist
Hybrid clouds are quickly forming on the horizon, and they are transforming the way that organizations do business. Join David Butler, SVP of Marketing at Eucalyptus, Judith Hurwitz, President and CEO, and Marcia Kaufman, COO and partner, of Hurwitz & Associates and co-authors of “Hybrid Cloud For Dummies” to learn what this new cloud deployment model is all about.
DDHS 2009 Microsoft Heads In The Cloud Feet On The Ground Peter de Haas...Peter de Haas
Presentation I gave on 15 Sept 2009 at the Dutch Datacenter & Hosting Summit 2009.
Main topics of the presentation :
- Look beyond the hype of cloudcomputing
- Microosft vision for cloud computing / online slutions
- Importance of a Partner ecosystem
- The ability to choose the right sourcing and deployment scenario for your organisation
Deskdoo.com How we re:invented the operating system in the cloudAdam Adamczyk
Deskdoo is a cloud operating system full of apps and features. It has got custom wallpapers, Office Suite, Contact Manager, Calendar, Mail client etc. You can run an operating system within a browser which preserves your user session and your data. It’s like travelling with your own computer but without carrying its hardware. All your data is stored in the cloud as simply as it only could be. You can access them by any device : desktop broweser, mobile, tablet or TV connected to Internet. By using Deskdoo you can manage your office work, prepare projects, etc quite similar to how you do on your desktop. The beauty of the idea is that everything is stored on the Internet and hence available everywhere you go!
It has always been a challenge to explain and convince top management including the Chief Financial Officers to embark into Cloud Computing. Predominantly because many still unclear or not so very sure what is cloud computing. Is it managed hosting, co-location or managed services? While technology providers and vendors continue to confuse management technology jargon, the need to embark into cloud computing seems inevitable...just like any others before such as the need to have emails, websites, online transactions, web based applications etc.
This presentation provides layman's, easy to understand meaning of cloud computing, why is it important for management,especially the CFO to seriously consider embarking into and some statistics and trend of how the world will move toward cloud.
Cloud computing and Integration consists of hardware and software resources made available on the Internet as managed third-party services, in a pay-per-use model , offering scalability and close alignment to actual demand.
AWS 201 Webinar Series - Rightsizing and Cost Optimizing your DeploymentAmazon Web Services
Leveraging the AWS Cloud can help you further lower your overall IT costs and avoid fixed, upfront IT investments. Learning how to right-size your environments can help you to go from capacity guessing to meeting QoE targets for your customers. The session will also cover best practices on how to Architect for Cost from real world customer use cases and ultimately how the AWS Cloud can help you increase revenue by focusing on Innovation and Return on Agility.
Key takeaways
- Replace up-front capital expenses with low variable costs
- Outsource undifferentiated IT tasks to useful services
- Evaluate the total Cost of (Non) Ownership
- Build Cost-aware architectures
- AWS features that help you reduce your spend
- Different purchasing options available with AWS
Who should attend
- Technical Users: Developers, engineers, system administrators and architects
- Decision Makers: IT Managers, directors and business leaders
Cloud Expo Silicon Valley 2013 | Why Lease When You Can Buy Your CloudMark Hinkle
Perhaps one of the perplexing things about cloud computing is the choice around renting time in someone else’s cloud (Amazon, Google, Rackspace or a myriad of others) or building your own. It’s not unlike the age-old car buyer’s dilemma, take the lower payments and lower total miles lease or buy the car and drive it for the long haul. Cloud computing users are often faced with the same conundrum. This presentation will focus on how to buy and build a cloud that can be fulfill the needs of most users including strategies for making use of the open source private cloud or managing workloads in both the private and public cloud using open source software.
Want to learn the basics of cloud computing with AWS and how various infrastructure building blocks fit together? If so, then join us in this webinar to find out how the AWS Cloud provides rapid access to flexible resources for your organization’s needs.
AWS 2013 LA Media Event: Scalable Media ProcessingDavid Sayed
Introduction to media processing at scale in the cloud with visual effects and broadcast playout examples. Accompanying video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HnGCtnmvogY&list=PL712EF2B0256960A3&index=2
Deskdoo.com How we re:invented the operating system in the cloudAdam Adamczyk
Deskdoo is a cloud operating system full of apps and features. It has got custom wallpapers, Office Suite, Contact Manager, Calendar, Mail client etc. You can run an operating system within a browser which preserves your user session and your data. It’s like travelling with your own computer but without carrying its hardware. All your data is stored in the cloud as simply as it only could be. You can access them by any device : desktop broweser, mobile, tablet or TV connected to Internet. By using Deskdoo you can manage your office work, prepare projects, etc quite similar to how you do on your desktop. The beauty of the idea is that everything is stored on the Internet and hence available everywhere you go!
It has always been a challenge to explain and convince top management including the Chief Financial Officers to embark into Cloud Computing. Predominantly because many still unclear or not so very sure what is cloud computing. Is it managed hosting, co-location or managed services? While technology providers and vendors continue to confuse management technology jargon, the need to embark into cloud computing seems inevitable...just like any others before such as the need to have emails, websites, online transactions, web based applications etc.
This presentation provides layman's, easy to understand meaning of cloud computing, why is it important for management,especially the CFO to seriously consider embarking into and some statistics and trend of how the world will move toward cloud.
Cloud computing and Integration consists of hardware and software resources made available on the Internet as managed third-party services, in a pay-per-use model , offering scalability and close alignment to actual demand.
AWS 201 Webinar Series - Rightsizing and Cost Optimizing your DeploymentAmazon Web Services
Leveraging the AWS Cloud can help you further lower your overall IT costs and avoid fixed, upfront IT investments. Learning how to right-size your environments can help you to go from capacity guessing to meeting QoE targets for your customers. The session will also cover best practices on how to Architect for Cost from real world customer use cases and ultimately how the AWS Cloud can help you increase revenue by focusing on Innovation and Return on Agility.
Key takeaways
- Replace up-front capital expenses with low variable costs
- Outsource undifferentiated IT tasks to useful services
- Evaluate the total Cost of (Non) Ownership
- Build Cost-aware architectures
- AWS features that help you reduce your spend
- Different purchasing options available with AWS
Who should attend
- Technical Users: Developers, engineers, system administrators and architects
- Decision Makers: IT Managers, directors and business leaders
Cloud Expo Silicon Valley 2013 | Why Lease When You Can Buy Your CloudMark Hinkle
Perhaps one of the perplexing things about cloud computing is the choice around renting time in someone else’s cloud (Amazon, Google, Rackspace or a myriad of others) or building your own. It’s not unlike the age-old car buyer’s dilemma, take the lower payments and lower total miles lease or buy the car and drive it for the long haul. Cloud computing users are often faced with the same conundrum. This presentation will focus on how to buy and build a cloud that can be fulfill the needs of most users including strategies for making use of the open source private cloud or managing workloads in both the private and public cloud using open source software.
Want to learn the basics of cloud computing with AWS and how various infrastructure building blocks fit together? If so, then join us in this webinar to find out how the AWS Cloud provides rapid access to flexible resources for your organization’s needs.
AWS 2013 LA Media Event: Scalable Media ProcessingDavid Sayed
Introduction to media processing at scale in the cloud with visual effects and broadcast playout examples. Accompanying video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HnGCtnmvogY&list=PL712EF2B0256960A3&index=2
Even though Cloud Computing is not a new term, many educators remain confused about exactly what it is and how to apply it. This presentation will eliminate the confusion.
It focuses on the approaches of three companies to Cloud Computing: Microsoft, Amazon and Google
To learn more check out our Azure training course at
http://www.karrox.com/cloud_computing.html
Impact Of The Cloud For It Managers (Isb204 Guest) - Presentation from TechEd 2009 that covers the impact of moving to cloud computing for IT Managers.
Peter Coffee presentation on enterprise cloud computing to CIO Forum in Schaumburg IL 6 April 2010 with new material on Chatter and social tools as well as U.S. Census case study
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
3. Which is better?
1 gallon of fuel -> ¼ ton of „freight‟; 20 miles 1 gallon of fuel -> 1 ton of freight; 436 miles
Can goes anywhere there is a road Can mostly go from A to B
Ready to go anytime Leaves 2x day at 9.12am and 11.14pm
High Control Low
Low Economy of Scale High
4. This is not new…
Build vs. Buy
High Control Low
Low Economy of Scale High
5. This is new…
On premises vs. in the cloud
High Control Low
Low Economy of Scale High
6. On premises vs. in the cloud
Application runs Application runs Application runs
on-premises at a hoster using cloud
services
Buy my own Co-location “cloud fabric”
hardware, and or (elastic,
manage my own Managed infini-scale)
data center servers
High Control Low
Low Economy of Scale High
7. On premises vs. in the cloud
“Packaged” Hosted “Software as a
Buy
Application “Packaged” Service”
An application An application A hosted
that I buy “off that I buy “off application that
Build vs. Buy
the shelf” and the shelf” and I buy from a
run myself run at a hoster vendor
“Home Built” Hosted Cloud
Application “Home Built” Platform
An application An application An application
that I develop that I develop that I develop
Build
and run myself myself, but run myself, but run
at a hoster in the cloud
On premises Cloud
8. All acceptable options
(trade off)
“Packaged” Hosted “Software as a
Buy
Application “Packaged” Service”
Maximum
An application
that I buy “off the
An application
that I buy “off the
A hosted
application that
Build vs. Buy
Control
shelf” and run shelf” and then I buy from a
myself run at a hoster
vendor
“Home Built” Hosted Cloud Platform
Application “Home Built”
Maximum application
An
An application Economy of Scale
An application
that I develop
that I develop
that I develop myself, but run
Build
and run myself myself, but run at in the cloud
a hoster
On premises On premises vs. Cloud Cloud
9. A Sample Enterprise
“Packaged” Hosted “Software as a
Buy
Application “Packaged” Service”
ERP
Build vs. Buy
Issue Tracking
Email
“Home Built” Hosted Cloud Platform
Application “Home Built”
HR System
Molecule Research
Build
Clinical Trial
On premises On premises vs. Cloud Cloud
10. A Sample Enterprise
“Packaged” Hosted “Software as a
Buy
Application “Packaged” Service”
ERP
Build vs. Buy
Issue Tracking
HR System Email
“Home Built” Hosted Cloud Platform
Application “Home Built”
Molecule Research
Build
Clinical Trial
On premises On premises vs. Cloud Cloud
11. More than “build vs. buy” and hosting location
Data Consistency
Share & Reuse
Security & Privacy
Customizability
High Control Cloud
On-Premises Economy of Scale High
Ease of Provisioning
Global Reach
Partitioning & Redundancy
Data Availability
12. Consistency vs. Availability (ACID vs. BASE)
ACID BASE
– Atomicity – Basically Available
– Consistency – Soft state
– Isolation – Eventually consistent
– Durability
• Focus on “commit” • Availability first; best effort
• Conservative (pessimistic) • Aggressive (optimistic)
13. CAP (Consistency, Availability, Partition) Theorem
At most two of these properties for any shared-data system
A Consistency + Availability
C
• High data integrity
P • Single site, cluster database, LDAP, xFS file system, etc.
• 2-phase commit, data replication, etc.
Consistency + Partition
C A
• Distributed database, distributed locking, etc.
P • Pessimistic locking, minority partition unavailable, etc.
Availability + Partition
C A • High scalability
P • Distributed cache, DNS, etc.
• Optimistic locking, expiration/leases, etc.
“Towards Robust Distributed Systems”, Dr. Eric A. Brewer, UC Berkeley
14. Spectrum of Choices
Extend existing Deploy Complete Compose New Application
On-Premise Application Application in the Cloud from Cloud Services
16. ™
Service
Workflow Database Analytics Identity Contacts
Bus
Access Reporting Devices
Control
Compute Storage Manage
17. Cloud services operating system that provides on-demand compute and storage
capabilities to host, scale, and manage applications
Compute Services
Scalable and reliable Web applications 64-bit hosting service in the cloud
.NET 3.5 SP1, managed code, ASP.NET, IIS 7, SOAP/REST/XML, PHP, Ruby, Python
Security supported by flexible Code Access Security policies
Small runtime API supports logging and local scratch storage
Storage Services
Simple data storage for cloud-based applications
Blobs, tables, and queues; local and remote REST-based access to data
Authenticated access and triple replication
Management Services
Manage the applications, not infrastructure
Advanced tracing & logging – monitor compute, storage, and bandwidth
Dynamically upgrade applications without downtime
Resource usage and performance insights; monitoring & metering
Development Tools
Model and execute business logic and service interactions
Complete offline environment, including compute and storage services
Visual Studio add-in enables local debugging (Eclipse soon)
18. Highly scalable and Internet-facing distributed database services in the cloud for
storing structured and unstructured data, and processing relational queries
Service Bus
Exchange messages between loosely coupled, composite applications
Connectivity to on-premises applications; secure, federated firewall-friendly messaging;
simple, connected pub-sub eventing; extension of WCF
Federated namespace – shared, hierarchical, Internet-accessible URL
Service registry – publish service endpoints, lightweight, hierarchical, RSS-based discovery
Relay and connectivity – NAT traversal, pull-mode message delivery, Web service
intermediary, WS-*/SOAP, REST
Access Control Service
Rules-driven application access control to users across organizations
Security Token Service (STS) – User name/password, Windows CardSpace, X.509 certificate,
3rd-party STS-issued SAML token, WS-Security, WS-Federation
Each .NET Services solution has a private, isolated STS; backing identity infrastructure for all
services published within that solution’s Service Bus namespace
Claims-based rules-driven authorization – configured via claim mappings
Workflow Service
Model and execute business logic and service interactions
Reliable and scalable cloud runtime environment for user-defined declarative workflows
Extends Windows Workflow Foundation (.NET 3.5) to the cloud
Activities optimized for sending, receiving, and manipulating HTTP and Service Bus messages
Deploy, manage and track running workflow instances using tools and APIs
19. Highly scalable and Internet-facing distributed database services in the cloud for
storing structured and unstructured data, and processing relational queries
SQL Data Services
Internet-facing database built on SQL Server relational database
Data storage – blobs, flexible, structured, birth to archival, multiple consistency levels
Data Processing – filters, aggregates, user-defined logic, online-offline indexing
Data Delivery – network proximity aware, locate closest static-content copies, spanning trees
for live-content, failure resiliency
Scalable, Flexible, Reliable, and Secure
High-availability database, scale as needed and without limits
Data partitions limited to single node on cluster – efficient replication and load balancing
Geo-replication and transactional consistency of data across multiple copies
Geo-location configuration helps protect against latency and improve response time
HTTPS/SSL support; built on SQL Server security infrastructure
Developer Agility
Standards-based interface and familiar language support
Access runtimes through standards-based interfaces and Web services – SOAP and REST
Perform CRUD operations with authorities, containers, and entities
Relational queries via text-based queries, LINQ, typed data in XML wire format
Simple filtering, retrieval of complete entities, full-text search, paging queries
Flexible data model, no schema required
20. A set of building blocks for handling user data and application resources, and
extensible components to build rich social applications and consumer experiences
Live Framework
Extensible components to build rich consumer services
Mesh Services – build applications that span across the web, devices, apps, and services
o User – Mesh management and sharing resources across multiple users
o Device – facilities for managing the collection of heterogeneous devices; relationship, status, security
o Synchronization – data and metadata synchronization framework across applications, devices, and cloud
o Application – facilities for managing the configuration, deployment, and versioning of applications
Identity Services – manage identities with associated services; delegated authentication
Directory Services – manage relationships between identities, data, devices, and apps
User-Data Storage Services – manage user-centric information; extensible data types
Communication and Presence Services – transport infrastructure for transient and persistent
state management between applications and devices
Search Services – facilities for building search capailities for web sites and applications
Geospatial Services – geocoding/reverse geocoding, routing, search, mapping data
Development Platform
Uniform way for programming Live Services from any platform, language, application or device
Exposes RESTful programming model for live resources
Protocol based – open standards usage: HTTP, XML, ATOM, RSS
Resource Model: unified model across Live
Symmetric client/cloud programming model
CRUD/Query, triggers and SPROC based interaction model
Libraries: Rich client libraries (.NET, Silverlight, JavaSript etc.)
21. Azure & .NET Framework
Build, test, debug, and deploy using a single familiar toolset
Client Server Services
Desktop & On-premises
Mobile Experiences & Hosted Servers
22. Design Considerations
data process security management
read-only stateless claims-based leverage automation
authentication
public / share- idempotent plan for average load
able identity
isolation aware of application
federation
reference data lifecycles
loosely-coupled
end user idntities
primary key rolling changes to live
asynchronous
access services
IPC
Not all data is handle dynamic data
fault-tolerant
equal schema and
(expect failures)
configuration
changes
23. Potential Scenarios
Parallel and distributed processing
– Image processing and rendering
– Media content transcoding and publishing)
– Finding extra-terrestrials
Voting systems
Share-able reference data
– Search indexes
– Catalogs
– Maps, profiles, blogs, files, documents, etc.
Composite services, mashups
Agent architectures
Multi-enterprise business applications (MEBA)
– Inter-organizational (B2B) business processes
– Extend enterprise SOA to other enterprises
24. Scenario – NBC Olympics
1.3 billion page views
50 million unique visitors
70 million videos watched
27 minutes of viewing per session
600 million minutes of video delivery
5,000 unique clips viewed per day
during the final week
35 million mobile views
130,000 peak streams
3.4 petabytes of video delivered
25. Scenario – NBC Olympics
NBC (New York and Beijing)
Microsoft (Redmond)
DeltaTre (Italy)
Schematic (New York, Atlanta, Costa Rica)
Limelight Networks
Level3
Digital Rapids
Anystream
Signiant
DoubleClick
Omniture
Keynote
Sliq
26. Scenario – NBC Olympics
Live Event International 30 Rock DMZs Limelight
(Beijing) Broadcast (New York) (New & Level3
Center Jersey,
(Beijing) Burbank) CDN Video
Video Production Workflow Distribution Player
27. Scenario – Next-Generation B2B Collaboration
Characteristics
• Near-time collaboration between many partners
• Many-to-many relationships
• Physically distributed locations
• Complex workflows managing processes that span
organizations
• Shared data
• Network effect – whole > sum of its parts
• Agile implementation
28. Emerging Patterns
• De-perimeterization
• Democratization of industries
• Dynamic business models
• Relationship networking core competencies
• Shifting process centers of gravity
• Plug-and-play IT architectures
• Model-driven development, DSL