This document defines and describes micro-controllers (MCUs). It begins by stating that an MCU is a small, low-power computer capable of performing specific tasks and is generally the brain of embedded systems. It then lists some key advantages of MCUs like being economical, having low power consumption and less space requirements. The document goes on to describe different types of MCUs based on bits, memory and instruction set. It also compares MCUs to general CPUs and describes what components are typically included in an MCU. Programming of MCUs and some common applications are also summarized before concluding.

1. MICRO-CONTROLLER
By:
M.Waleed Aslam (2013-CS-014)
Shahrukh Mahesar (2013-CS-032)
M.Daniyal Ashfaq (2013-CS-051)
Sagar Kumar (2013-CS-039)
To:
Simra Najm
Computer Architecture & Organization
Department of Computer Science
Sir Syed University of Engineering & Techology, Karachi

2. Contents
What is MCU?
Advantages of MCU
Types of MCU
MCU vs CPU
Inside MCU
MCU Programming
Applications of MCU
Conclusion
References

3. What is MCU?
 Small Computer.
 Capable to performing specific task(s).
 Generally, a Brain of Embeded System(s).

4. Advantages
 Economical
 Great Scalibility
 Low Power Consumption.
 Less Space Requirements.
 Easy to Implement

5. Types of MCU
 Divided According to following Categories:-
Bits.
Memory.
Instruction Set.

6. Types of MCU
 Bits:-
8 bit MCU:
Performs ALU operations
16 bit MCU:
Performs ALU operations with More Accuracy.
32 bit MCU:
Controls the Systems Automatically

7. Types of MCU
 Memory:-
External Memory Controller:
Comprising Not All Functions on-chip.
Embedded Memory Controller:
Comprising All Functions on-chip.

8. Types of MCU
 Intruction Set:-
CISC:
Complete the Task, using more cycles.
RISC:
Makes the operations simpler, Uses Less Cycles.

9. MCU vs General CPU
 General CPU Contains:-
No Ram.
No Rom.
No I/O.

10. MCU vs General CPU
 MCU Contains:-
CPU
Ram
Rom
I/O ports.
Timer.
ADC and DAC

11. Inside MCU

12. Programming of MCU
 Assembly Language:-
More Efficient
Less Understandable
 AVR Similiar to ‘C’ Language:-
Less Efficient
More Understandable

13. Applications of MCU
 Home Appliances

14. Applications of MCU
 Home Entertainment

15. Applications of MCU
 Industrial Automation

16. Applications of MCU
 Mobile Electronics

17. Applications of MCU
 PC Peripherals

18. Applications of MCU
 Internet of Things

19. Conclusion
Where, there is a Will. There
is a Way
~ Anonymous

20. References
Books:
1) The Microcontroller and Embedded Systems by Mazidi.
2) PIC Microcontrollers by Milan Verle.
Websites:
1) http://www.csee.umbc.edu/courses/undergraduate/CMSC
391/summer04/burt/lectures/arch/architectures.html
2) http://www.electronicshub.org/microcontrollers/
3) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcontroller#Types_of_mi
crocontrollers
4) http://www.atmel.com/products/microcontrollers/

21. Thank you!