The slides do not contain descriptions because it is a presentation in Pre-submission Seminar for Ph.D and scholar was personally presenting his topic. Slide 24, 25 & 26 are mostly related with Micro Finance.
In the era of globalization, entrepreneurship development in the rural context is a challenge. According to 2011 Census 68.84% people are living in rural areas of India. People in rural areas suffer with unemployment, poor infrastructure facilities which may be solved with the development of the rural entrepreneurs. “Rural Entrepreneurship can be defined as entrepreneurship emerging at village level which can take place in a variety of fields of endeavor such as business, industry, agriculture and acts as a potent factor for economic development”. But, these rural entrepreneurs are suffering with various problems like fear of risk, lack of finance, illiteracy, and competition from the urban entrepreneurs. Rural entrepreneurs increase the standard of living and purchasing power of the people by offering employment opportunity to the people in villages. This paper is an attempt to understand the problems and challenges for rural entrepreneurship in the context of rural development in India and possible suggestions to overcome the problems.
Key Words: Rural entrepreneurs, Issues and Challenges, Rural Development, Suggestions
Entrepreneurship development - Institutional AssistanceSOMASUNDARAM T
Financial assistance through SFCs, SIDBI, Commercial Banks, KSIDC, KSSIC, IFCI; Non-financial assistance from DIC, SISI, EDI, SIDO, AWAKE, TCO, TECKSOK, KVIC; Financial incentives for SSI and Tax Concessions ; Industrial estates: role and types.
Micro finance and its impacts on empowerment of dalit women in cuddalore dist...RAVICHANDIRANG
Micro finance is the model of empowerment of the local people. Micro finance means providing very small loan to poor families rural, urban and semi urban areas. It is the major provision of financial services such as like savings, insurance, marketing, credit, thrift, production, investment, fund transferred and disadvantaged segment of society. Micro finance is one of the major tools for women empowerment and also it provides develop the society. This paper mainly focused on micro finance and its impact on empowerment of Dalit women in Cuddalore district.
In the era of globalization, entrepreneurship development in the rural context is a challenge. According to 2011 Census 68.84% people are living in rural areas of India. People in rural areas suffer with unemployment, poor infrastructure facilities which may be solved with the development of the rural entrepreneurs. “Rural Entrepreneurship can be defined as entrepreneurship emerging at village level which can take place in a variety of fields of endeavor such as business, industry, agriculture and acts as a potent factor for economic development”. But, these rural entrepreneurs are suffering with various problems like fear of risk, lack of finance, illiteracy, and competition from the urban entrepreneurs. Rural entrepreneurs increase the standard of living and purchasing power of the people by offering employment opportunity to the people in villages. This paper is an attempt to understand the problems and challenges for rural entrepreneurship in the context of rural development in India and possible suggestions to overcome the problems.
Key Words: Rural entrepreneurs, Issues and Challenges, Rural Development, Suggestions
Entrepreneurship development - Institutional AssistanceSOMASUNDARAM T
Financial assistance through SFCs, SIDBI, Commercial Banks, KSIDC, KSSIC, IFCI; Non-financial assistance from DIC, SISI, EDI, SIDO, AWAKE, TCO, TECKSOK, KVIC; Financial incentives for SSI and Tax Concessions ; Industrial estates: role and types.
Micro finance and its impacts on empowerment of dalit women in cuddalore dist...RAVICHANDIRANG
Micro finance is the model of empowerment of the local people. Micro finance means providing very small loan to poor families rural, urban and semi urban areas. It is the major provision of financial services such as like savings, insurance, marketing, credit, thrift, production, investment, fund transferred and disadvantaged segment of society. Micro finance is one of the major tools for women empowerment and also it provides develop the society. This paper mainly focused on micro finance and its impact on empowerment of Dalit women in Cuddalore district.
Financial Inclusion A Study on Role of Commercial Banks in the State of Karna...ijtsrd
Financial inclusion is the process of providing financial service for the weaker of section of the society and make sure that all the section peoples are also availing all the financial service. It emphasis on the financial systems for the development of economy. Financial inclusion increase in the saving habit of individuals which lead to the overall development of economy developing to the developed economy. Future Financial inclusion helps in the exploitation of lower section adoption of borrowing facilitates from the banks instead of money lending agency by facilitating easy access to formal credit. Hence a study is proposed to be undertaken to study how for commercial banks playing their role to include the financially excluded people in the state of Karnataka with special reference to rural areas. The samples is selected by administering Random sampling technique. The total numbers of samples are 300, the collected data are analyzed with the help of statistical tool. Dr. Muthu Kumar V | Mr. Shashi Kumar M ""Financial Inclusion- A Study on Role of Commercial Banks in the State of Karnataka (with Special Reference to Rural Areas)"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21603.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/21603/financial-inclusion--a-study-on-role-of-commercial-banks-in-the-state-of-karnataka-with-special-reference-to-rural-areas/dr-muthu-kumar-v
A project on Micro Insurance for Calcutta University for my student .
If any one want to download then contact with me in my mail.
email id- c.das.cd@gmail.com
Statistical Analysis of Small & Micro Entrepreneurs (category :Vegetable Vend...Asifa Ishrat
This report provides application of both descriptive and inferential statistics in the context of data collected from survey on the vegetable vendors. The statistical procedures of descriptive statistics have been used to organize, summarize and describe pertinent data of our sample. Frequency distributions, measures of location and dispersion with graphs according to the level of data (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio) have been explored. Inferential statistics, by definition is the branch of statistics that generalizes the larger population that the sample represents. It has been used in this report to make predictions about the population from observations and analysis of the sample. Under this category, probability concepts, one sample tests hypothesis, different features of regression and correlation analysis etc. have been discussed.
The banking system occupies an important place in a nation’s economy. A banking institution is indispensable in a modern society. It plays a pivotal role in the economic development of a
country and forms the core of the money market in an advance country. With the effects of the globalisation, banking sectors become highly competitive and technology based with
multidimensional products to the customers and public. Commercial banks particularly public sectors banks are extremely responsible to the provide financial support to industrial sectors not only for generate revenue but also for the development of industries in a particular region which the banks is located. MSME needs liberal financial assistance from commercial banks to establish and extent their business operation to meet the global competition.RBI has formulated several policies regarding financing to priority sectors particularly in small industries in the country. Naga Sridhar(2008), in his article “Steady Growth in Public Sector Banks” SME lending money says that the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are departing from their traditional strong
hold sectors and are venturing into new areas if the trends in SME lending by some banks in 2007 are any indication to go by. There has been greater interest float SMEs in relatively newer sectors such as hospitality, hospitals and travel agencies in addition to the popular areas such as textiles, fertilizers, gems and jewellery, according to bankers.
The banking system occupies an important place in a nation’s economy. A banking institution
is indispensable in a modern society. It plays a pivotal role in the economic development of a
country and forms the core of the money market in an advance country. With the effects of the
globalisation, banking sectors become highly competitive and technology based with
multidimensional products to the customers and public. Commercial banks particularly public
sectors banks are extremely responsible to the provide financial support to industrial sectors not
only for generate revenue but also for the development of industries in a particular region which
the banks is located. MSME needs liberal financial assistance from commercial banks to establish
and extent their business operation to meet the global competition.RBI has formulated several
policies regarding financing to priority sectors particularly in small industries in the country.
Naga Sridhar(2008), in his article “Steady Growth in Public Sector Banks” SME lending money
says that the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are departing from their traditional strong
hold sectors and are venturing into new areas if the trends in SME lending by some banks in 2007
are any indication to go by. There has been greater interest float SMEs in relatively newer sectors
such as hospitality, hospitals and travel agencies in addition to the popular areas such as textiles,
fertilizers, gems and jewellery, according to bankers.
Operational Performance of Andhra Pradesh State Financial Corporation APSFCijtsrd
Andhra Pradesh State Financial Corporation APSFC , a State Level Development Financial Institution DFI , was established in 1956 for promoting Small and Medium Enterprises SMEs in the State of Andhra Pradesh under the provisions of the State Financial Corporation SFC Act,1951, with a prime focus on infusing entrepreneurial spirit among entrepreneurial class. It also provides term loans, working capital term loans, and special seed capital assistance to SMEs thereby contributing Balanced Regional Development. Today, more than six crore MSMEs contribute 8 percent to India's GDP, 6.11 percent to its total manufacturing output, and 24.6 percent in services.1India's MSMEs are at the heart of India's growth story. There are more than 6.3 crore MSMEs in the country generating employment for nearly 111 million Indians and creating nearly 1.3 million jobs every year. The entrepreneurial growth and development they contribute are not restricted to the urban areas only. Of the 55.8 million MSMEs, 59 per cent are based in rural India. The segment contributes close to 45 per cent to India's manufacturing output, over 40 percent to our exports, and about 8 percent to our GDP. However, how so far this credit development is able to contribute to the development of micro small and medium industries needs an extensive examination. The present paper is concerned to analyze some of the direct effects of credit support given by APSFC to micro small and medium enterprises development in Andhra Pradesh over a period of time from 2007 08 to 2018 19. Dr. P. S. Ravindra "Operational Performance of Andhra Pradesh State Financial Corporation (APSFC)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30990.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/30990/operational-performance-of-andhra-pradesh-state-financial-corporation-apsfc/dr-p-s-ravindra
Study of Existing Core Competencies, Competency Map and Identification Traini...paperpublications3
Abstract: The industry of Information and Technology in India has showcased phenomenal grown since the past two decades and Chennai is one of the major hub for the industry. By virtue of the nature of the industry, the human recourse is the vital for the industry output which has recorded its contribution significantly for the GDP as well as the trade of export. Hence it is imperative to estimate the level of competencies of the employees and the desired level for a sustainable industrial growth which can contribute to the growth of the nation. The researcher have collected data for the subject analysis from an appropriate instrument of questioner method with a sample size of 500; non-probability sampling method. And analyzed statically by Percentage method, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Chi-Square Value, Goodness of Fit Index, Comparative Fit Index, Standardized Root Mean Residual etc
NTFPS VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT FOR RURAL COMMUNITIES OF MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA-...ijmvsc
The value chain approach is a heuristic, analytical, and strategic tool that provides a framework for
identifying and examining different actors of a value chain, the dynamics of processing and value creation,
reward and distribution. Present study was carried out to develop a suitable value chain mechanism for
“Chakoda” (Cassia tora L.). The study was carried out in Ghughri block of Mandla district and Chakoda
species have been identified for value chain development through a series of assessment and analysis.
Market linkage was developed between traders, processing companies (FPC) and seller for Chakoda to
promote sustainably harvested organic products of the C. tora in local and international markets. This
would enable large scale aggregation and processing of Chakoda for trading. Due to its multiple uses and
benefits, Chakoda was found to be a viable business model for Mandla district where large number of
farmers are involved in collection, consumption and sale of Chakoda seeds. Chakoda value chain
development and establishing market linkage is ensuring better economic return for the farmers and rural
poor involved in collection, processing and marketing.
This presentation poster infographic delves into the multifaceted impacts of globalization through the lens of Nike, a prominent global brand. It explores how globalization has reshaped Nike's supply chain, marketing strategies, and cultural influence worldwide, examining both the benefits and challenges associated with its global expansion.
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where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
Yes of course, you can easily start mining pi network coin today and sell to legit pi vendors in the United States.
Here the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
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The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
Micro Finance and Elements of Micro Finance (Micro Credit, Micro Savings, Micro Insurance & Self Help Group
1. FACULTY OF COMMERCE
BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY
VARANASI-221005, U.P., INDIA
Progress and prospects of
Microfinance in Varanasi District -
An Appraisal
Presented by
Jamaluddeen
Research Scholar
Under the Supervision of
Dr. F. B. Singh
Professor
Thesis Submitted for the Award of the Degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
in
COMMERCE
Enrolment No. 281666 Year : 2013
2. 3. In wider sense, it includes Self Help Group (SHG)
with the above terms
1. The term Microfinance (MF) means-
Provision of financial services as a whole to the poor
2. It offers-
A variety of products and services such as-
I.Micro-Credit (MC),
II.Micro-Savings (MS), and
III.Micro-Insurance (MI)
Introducti
on
Introducti
on
3. Micro
Credit
Micro
Credit
1. MC means-
The small loans provided
To the very poor (lacking mainstream of Financial
Institutions).
To reduce poverty and improve in living standards.
To help them keep engaging in productive and
income-generating activities
2. MC is two types-
Micro Grant, and Solidarity Lending
4. Micro
Saving
Micro
Saving
1. MS means-
Collection of small savings in small deposits account
offered to lower income families
or
Individuals as an incentive to store funds for future use.
Diversified savings like voluntary, purpose
oriented, compulsory, need based, cash and kind.
Smaller amounts of money in accounts for which Min.
Bal. requirements are often waived-off or very low
5. Micro
Insurance
Micro
Insurance
1. MI is –
Characterized by low premium and low caps or
low coverage limit
and
Sold as part of a typical risk - pooling and
marketing arrangements
Protection of belongings related with the poor
2. MI is two types-
Wealth Insurance and Safety Insurance
Designed to service low-income people and Bus.
6. Self Help
Group
Self Help
Group
1. SHG refers to –
Village-based voluntary association of 15 - 20 local
persons
with
The same employment objective
2. SHG Models are two types-
SPA (Self Help Group Promoting Agency)
SBL (Self Help Group Bank Linked Programme)
7. Varanas
i
Varanas
i
1. Total area under Varanasi district is about 1,535 square
kilo metre with density of 2,399.
2. There are 8 DBs
and
1,327 Villages.
DB A B Cn Cr H K P S
No. of GP
107 78 84 81 85 87 98 82
8. Varanasi with Boundaries of 5 Neighbour DistrictsMap of Varanasi with 8 Development Blocks
Varanasi
Map
Varanasi
Map
10. MFIs. in
Varanasi
MFIs. in
Varanasi
1. There are many active MC Institutions in Varanasi,
like
2. Majority of the poor is served by
SKS Microfinance,
Spandan
Bandhan and
&
Cashpor Micro Credit (CMC),
Utkarsh Microfinance,
Other smaller and not registered
11. 3. Only two Micro Credit Institutions,
1.6 Continue
…
1.6 Continue
…
&
4. Others operating business from outside
5. Utkarsh Microfinance has 6 branches
4 in Rural Areas
2 in Urban Areas
12. Statement of
Problem
Statement of
Problem
1. Literature does not show MS as an element of MF.
and
Literature also silent for all the four aspects (MC,
MS, MI and SHG) together as elements of MF
3. Are roles played by MFIs satisfactory?
2. What is the advantage (prospects) of MF as –
Tool of creating employment,
Tool for Eradication of poverty, and
Social safety
4. What are the performance of incorp. and Working MFI
13. Objectiv
es
Objectiv
es
To find out Dimensions and Issues of Microfinance.
To examine MF as a tool to create employment and
eradicate poverty.
To analyse performance of Microfinance Intermediaries.
To examine the progress and prospects of MF in Vns.
To suggest for the improvement of performance of MF
in Varanasi.
14. Hypothese
s
Hypothese
s
1. Ho1
: There is no significant difference of age for loan
clients of 8 Development Blocks of Varanasi.
2. Ho2
: MC is not helpful for creating employment for
micro creditors of 8 Development Blocks.
3. Ho3
: Compulsory Micro Insurance (CMI) Policy is
accepted willingly by microfinance users in
Varanasi.
15. Entrepreneurs at every level get opportunity to be
employed and it is also a way to wealth creation
Significance of the
Study
Significance of the
Study
Discipline to assist weaker, smaller and farmers and
their female members to work and develop themselves
according to their capacity and calibre.
A tool to create employment & eradicate poverty,
facilitate the poor and the weaker to have a good-deal
among themselves as per prescribed norms.
It is a wider campaign in which financial intermediaries
and financial institutions play their respective roles.
16. Limitation of
Study
Limitation of
Study
A few reports have been taken from New Papers
published in Varanasi
Limited with its scope (area), period and
researcher’s approach.
Study imbibed information related with MF users and
findings based on inferences drawn from the data
collected though 400 schedules.
Secondary data has been collected from official
websites of CMC, Utkarsh Microfinance and Official
Website for Census of Varanasi.
17. Research
Design
Research
Design
2. Exploratory: To find out and show the element of MF
and its integration, proportional relation
of elements of MF.
3. Experimental: To test the Hypotheses
1. Descriptive: To describe the facts.
18. 3.1 Scope of the
Study
3.1 Scope of the
Study
• Place: Varanasi District with its 8 DB
• Population (N): N=34,942 (ALC of CMC as on 30.06.2011)
• Sampling Unit: Member of Self Help Group
• Sample Size(n): (N * 1)/100 = 349 ~ 400(50 from each DB)
• S. Technique: Geographical Purposive (Judgement)
• Study Period: (a) 1991 – 2011
(b) 2002 – 2012
(c) 2009 – 2013
19. Data
Sources
Data
Sources
1. Both the sources primary and secondary
Data Collection
2. Primary data collected through structured schedule
and unstructured interview
Detail Met Selected Filled Used
Number of
Schedules
467 429 407 400
20. Data
Processing
Data
Processing
Coding Meaning of
Alphabets
Meaning of
Numbers
A1, A2, A3....A50 A for Arajiline Nos. (1, 2, 3, ...
50) indicate
serial No. for
schedules,
where
1 for first,
2 for second,
3 for third, etc.
respectively
B1, B2, B3...B50 B for Baragaon
Cn1, Cn2, Cn3... C50 Cn for Cholapur
Cr1, Cr2, Cr3, ... Cr50 Cr for Chiraigaon
H1, H2, H3, ... H50 H for Harahua
K1, K2, K3, K50 K for K.Vidyapeeth
P1 ,P2, P3, ... P50 P for Pindra
21. Data
Analysis
Data
Analysis(a) Data Presentation: Pie-charts, Bar-charts, Histograms,
Tables and Percentage
(b) Descriptive Statistics:
Univariate - Mean, Maximum, Minimum, Range,
Standard Deviation, Coefficient of
Standard Deviation and
Coefficient of Variation.
Bivariate - Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation
(c) Inferential Statistics: Limit fixing (lower and upper)
at 95% and 99% level of
confidence, ℵ2
test, independent t-
test and One-way ANOVA
22. Plan of
Study
Plan of
Study
Part Chapter Description
I
1 Introduction
2 Review of Literature
3 Objective, Scope & Research Methodology
II
4 Microfinance: An Overview
5 Self Help Group
6 Micro Credit
7 Micro Saving
8 Micro Insurance
III 9 Summary of Findings and Suggestions
24. MF and Its
Elements
MF and Its
Elements
MF and Its Elements with Mathematical Function
MC ∈ MF,
AND
MS ∈ MF,
AND
MI ∈ MF,
AND
SHG ∈ MF,
MF= {MC, MS, MI, SHG}
27. Microfinan
ce
Microfinan
ce
Min. Age Max. Age Mean SD Coef. of SD Coef. of Var.
22 65 41.38 12.46 0.3011 30.11
ANOVA
Sources of
Variance
Sum of
Squares
df (Degree of
Freedom)
Mean
Square F
SSB 229.62 7; (8 – 1), i.e. (k – 1) V2 = 32.802 Greater
Variance
SSW 61712.86 392; (400–8), i.e. (N–k) V1=157.431 Smaller
Variance
Total 61942.48 399; (400–1), i.e. (N–1) = V1/V2 = 4.8
Tabulated Value (F0.05, V1 = 392, V2 = 7) somewhere between (3.27 - 3.23)
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Education of All Respondents
Education No. of Res. Percentage Classification
Illiterate 140 35.00 Un-educated
Un-formally
Educated
121 30.25 Primary
(83.50)
Class (1-5) 73 18.25
Class (6-8) 38 9.50 Above Primary
(16.50)High School 19 4.75
Intermediate 9 2.25
Total 400 100.00 Percentage = (Value*100)/400
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Variables RangSelf
Help Group
p (Prob.) SEprop Confidence
Level
Possessing
Phone
1.8881% -
5.6118%
0.0375 0.0095 95%
Possessing
Mobile
73.1417% -
81.3583%
0.7725 0.021 95%
BPL 25,755 -
37,745
0.3175 0.023275 99%
30. Self Help
Group
Self Help
Group
Objectives to Join-in or form the Group
Raising
Loans
Start
Business
Protection Combination
of Two
Objectives
More than
Two
Objectives
24.75% 4.25% 1.5% 50.75% 18.75%
Detail about Group Members
Average No. of
Members
SD Coefficient of
SD
Coefficient of
Variation
19.32 2.576 0.1333 13.33%
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Feeling about the Group & Expectation
General 52.25% Support 55.25%
Special 26% Direction 10.25
Synergic 9% Co-operation 8.25
Other Variables
Neighbors 52.25% Want to Change Present
Member
43%
Included from O
(1 – 2) Member
15% Do not want to Change
Present Member
55.75%
Help by Financing 41.25%
32. Micro
Credit
Micro
Credit
Feeling about the Group & Expectation
Sources of Credit MFI
MFI 76.5% CMC 30.75%
Co-
operative
So.
5% SKS
Microfinance
16.25%
Employer 5% Bandhan 13.25%
Bank 6.5% Utkarsh 10%
Sahukar 2.5% Other-MFI 6.25%
Others 4.5% Non-MFI 23.5%
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MC is Helpful for Creating Employment
Tabulated Value =
2.167
Confidence Level = 95% d.f. = 7
(ℵ2
= 2.2544)
Sources of Loan & Accumulated Loan Amount ( )
One Source 54% More than 1 S. 46%
Bellow 8,000 15.5% 16,000 – 30,000 35%
8,000 – 16,000 41.75% Above 30,000 7.75%
34. Micro
Saving
Micro
Saving
Daily Saving and Motivating Person for Saving
Daily Saving in ( ) Motivating Person for Saving
0 - 10 13.75% Your Children 15.50%
10 - 25 29.00% Spouse 21.25%
25 - 50 34.50% Friends 6.25%
50 - 100 19.75% Relatives 12.25%
100 - 150 2.50% Others 6.00%
Above 150 0.50% None (Self) 38.75%
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Preference for Investing
Saved Money
Who decide to
Liquidate Your Saving
With Own 37.50% Yourself 44.25%
Bank 22.75% Husband 29.00%
Post-Office 7.75% Child/Children 7.50%
Saving Certifi. 2.75% Father/Mother 4.25%
Chit Fund
19.50%
Father/Mother-
in-law 15.00%
Others
9.75%
36. Micro
Insurance
Micro
Insurance
Compulsory MI Policy is Accepted Unwillingly
Tabulated Value 2.167 Confidence Level = 95% d.f. = 7
ℵ2
= 3.3913
Insured Amount ( )for Compulsory IP
Bellow 8,000 8.75% 16,000 – 30,000 29.25%
8,000 – 16,000 34.25% Above 30,000 8.00%
One – Time Premium Variation in Premium
75% ( ) 28 - 460
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1. The maximum (20.75%) respondents have OP for
(20,000 – 30,000) and minimum (5.25%) respondents
have optional policy for (30,000 – 40,000).
2. Under optional policy, there is more variation in
premium payment as compared to premium paid under
compulsory policy.
3. Average time taken to get insured amount after death
or maturity is 1.496 month or 44 to 45 days for CP
while it is 8.695 months or 260 to 261 days for OP
38. Suggestio
n
Suggestio
n
Microfinance
1. The persons should not be ignored on the ground of
sex, marriage or separation. Although, some additional
or separate norms, if necessary, may be added.
2. Thus, PBL and MF user should be interlinked. So,
there would be no need for collecting separate data for
poor people or people who should be listed in PBL.
39. Self Help Group
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1. Some persons hesitate to join the group and raise loans.
Such persons should be educated about the norms, practices
of MF and make them frank about the financial condition
and rely on prosperity.
2. Majority SHG members form the groups for raising loans
and treat the group as financial need. SHG members should
be educated about treating with the groups and make relation
in the group as social relation rather financial need. The
members should be also educated about their neighbourhood
relation rather than favouring caste, religion or relative.
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1. Micro Credit providers, generally, show their progress and
performance according to their business needs. They neither
consider region or district as separate unit nor provide data for
further research. Micro Credit provider should not forget that
research is backbone of development.
2. Loan clients do not restrict themselves from Multiple-
lending, Over-borrowing and Ghost-borrowers. In all the
conditions their financial condition becomes worse from bad
and worst from worse. So, they should be educated about their
need & capability to repay for raising loans.
Micro Credit
41. Continue
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Micro Credit
MF user keep their savings with own and do not
prefer to invest, because they are, generally,
illiterate and wants safety and liquidity for their
investments. Thus, there should be simple norms
for opening & maintaining account and option of
withdrawing invested money any time for small
investors
42. Continue
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Micro Insurance
1. MI Policy is compulsory for MF users and they are
required to pay one time premium at the time of raising loans
for loan amount and loan repayment period. So, they should
be given option to take insurance policy for more than loan
amount) as well as options for premium payment (one time,
two times, monthly, or every time with instalment)
2. If MF users do not get offer to get insured for more than
loan amount (according to their need) and /or options for
premium payment, they should exercise alternative (choose
optional policy).
43. Further Scope of
Study
Further Scope of
Study
This study conducted to know progress and performance
of microfinance and its users in Varanasi. For the purpose
of study, all the elements of microfinance (i.e. MC, MS,
MI and SHG) included in the schedule with selected
variables. A new study can be undertaken for all the
aspects (variables) related with one element (any one
among MC, MS, MI or SHG of microfinance). In this
way study will fetch a more reliable and accurate result.
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IRDA issues a list of MI products. Reviewing the
literature and suitability of terms & conditions of MI product,
a MI product can be recommended for inclusion in the list or
exclusion from the list. Similarly, by conducting survey and
finding out number of the persons, mortality rate of the poor,
their premium paying capacity and requirements, new MI
policy can be formulated applicable in a particular region.