MGMT 707 Operations ManagementBreak Even case Jana.docx

MGMT 707 Operations Management
Break Even case
Jana and Marla, two recent college graduates, have decided to
open their own
copy-service business on a part-time basis. They estimate that
their annual
fixed costs are $32,000 and their average variable costs for each
copy sold
at $0.03. They expect their selling price to average $0.07 per
copy.
A Draw the break-even chart for their business.
B What is their break-even point, in number of copies and in
dollars?
C After their 1st year of operations, in which they generated
$84,000 in
revenues, Jana and Marla decide to pay themselves $5,000 each
per year in
salaries. What do their annual sales have to be in the second
year if they
want to make the same amount of profit as they did in their 1st
year.
Hint: A: use 1,000,000 copies to determine the high end point.
B: Just multiply the number of copies by $0.07 to get the
dollar amount.
C: #1, calculate the profit they made in year one.
#2, add profit from #1 to fixed costs.
#3, treat salaries as fixed costs.

Name:
Topic 1: Persuasive Essay: Outline Worksheet
Review “How Do I Organize My Brainstorm into an Outline?”
in “The Writing Process” Media piece.
http://lc.gcumedia.com/phi105/persuasive-writing-
website/persuasive-writing-website-v1.1.html
Assignment Directions:
Use the Persuasive Essay Outline on the next page to outline
your persuasive essay by completing the following:
1) Use the feedback you received from your instructor to revise
your thesis statement.
a) Write your thesis as a complete sentence (as you would in
your essay) in the “Thesis Sentence” section under the
Introductory Paragraph heading in the outline below.
2) Create a topic sentence for each of the three paragraphs that
comprise the body of your essay.
a) Record the topic sentences in each of the “Topic Sentence”
sections under the “Support for Thesis” headings in the outline
below.
b) Your topic sentences should support your thesis and provide
transitions between the paragraphs.
3) Write at least three details for each topic sentence.
a) These details should provide support for the topic sentence.
b) Remember to include at least one in-text citation for each
supporting paragraph.
4) Write a concluding sentence under the “Conclusion” heading
in the outline below.
a) Your concluding sentence should be your thesis restated in

different words.
Persuasive Essay Outline
Introductory Paragraph:
Hook:
Background and contextual information:
Thesis Sentence:
Support for Thesis 1 (Subtopic 1)
Persuasive Topic Sentence including position and subtopic 1:
Detail A:
Detail B:

Detail C:
Transitional sentence:
Persuasive Topic Sentence including position and subtopic 2
Detail A:
Detail B:
Detail C:
Transitional sentence:
Detail A:
Detail B:
Detail C:
Transitional Sentence:

Conclusion
Paraphrase thesis statement (restated in different words):
Summarize main points:
Final remarks:
* More below: Please move on to the next page.
References (New page at the end of the essay)
Organize all references below into a reference list. Be sure the
references are in alphabetical order based on the author’s last
name, double-spaced. List should be formatted to have hanging
indents by ½ an inch, with the first line hanging and all others
indented. See the GCU Style Guide for help with formatting
references and citations. Within the essay, this reference page
will be on its own page at end of your essay.
Helpful links:
Persuasive essay writing process:
References and Citation help:
http://libguides.gcu.edu/CitingSources
Grading Criteria
Consider the following criteria when developing the outline for

your essay. These criteria will be applied when this assignment
is graded.
1) Outline contains a thesis statement.
2) Outline contains a topic sentence for each of the three
paragraphs of the body of the essay.
3) Transitions between paragraphs are evident and appropriate.
4) Contains three details for each topic sentence; details provide
support of the related topic sentence.
5) Included in-text citations and references.
6) Outline contains concluding sentence, which restates the
thesis in different words.
© 2016. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
Nam
Topic 1: Persuasive Essay: Outline Worksheet
Review “How Do I Organize My Brainstorm into an Outline?”
in “The Writing Process” Media piece.
Assignment Directions:
Use the Persuasive Essay Outline on the next page to outline

your persuasive essay by completing the following:
1) Use the feedback you received from your instructor to revise
your thesis statement.
a) Write your thesis as a complete sentence (as you would in
your essay) in the “Thesis Sentence” section under the
Introductory Paragraph heading in the outline below.
2) Create a topic sentence for each of the three paragraphs that
comprise the body of your essay.
a) Record the topic sentences in each of the “Topic Sentence”
sections under the “Support for Thesis” headings in the outline
below.
b) Your topic sentences should support your thesis and provide
transitions between the paragraphs.
3) Write at least three details for each topic sentence.
a) These details should provide support for the topic sentence.
b) Remember to include at least one in-text citation for each
supporting paragraph.
4) Write a concluding sentence under the “Conclusion” heading
in the outline below.
a) Your concluding sentence should be your thesis restated in
different words.

Hook:
When it comes to a discussion about abortion, all kinds of
different perspectives emerge with abortion being one of the
oldest and biggest controversies ever talked about. Comment by
Robert Zuckerman: Although making a statement is an
appropriate way to write a hook, you do still want to “draw your
audience (opposition to your argument) in” to keep reading.
There are several different ways to grab the attention of your
reader:
1. A definition.
2. A quotation or paraphrase.
3. A little known or striking fact.
4. A statement of opinion
5. An interesting incident or anecdote related to your subject
6. An explanation of why the topic is worth writing/reading
about
7. A question that will be answered by your thesis, or will
catch the reader’s attention and lead toward your thesis.
Background and contextual information: Comment by Robert
Zuckerman: This should be around 2-4 sentences. Please use
http://itdc.lbcc.edu/oer/esl/esl33xal/presentations/introductoryp
aragraphs/introductoryparagraphs-notes.html and
https://www.mesacc.edu/~paoih30491/intropgph.html to help.
Statistics provide a clear review of a lot of issues associated
with abortion from safety concerns, fear consequences to ethical
standards and different forms of perspectives on the topic.
Thesis Sentence: Comment by Robert Zuckerman: This is not
a thesis statement for a persuasive essay. Please review my
feedback in your Thesis Statement and Gathering Resources
Worksheet.
Please revise your thesis statement so that it is one sentence
that states your position/call to action and three points you will
make to prove your position.

EX:
Abortion should be legal in the United States because subtopic
1, subtopic 2, and subtopic 3.
***It appears you tried to change your subtopics in this
worksheet. Please remember that you are only presenting your
side of the argument in this short essay, not the
counterargument.
Suggestion from your Thesis Statement worksheet:
Abortion should be legal in the United States because it can be
necessary in cases of rape or incest, it is a woman’s
fundamental right, and to reduce instances of unsafe procedures
being performed.
With debates ravaging through the ethical, religious and
political influences, abortion seems to go a long way into
determining humanity's living freedoms of liberty and rights
issued without any form of constraints. It is important to
consider that abortion makes more sense as a pro-choice for
women who may have not been in a position that they can bring
life into the world and nature with the best upbringing possible.
Support for Thesis 1(Subtopic 1): Rights
The right of a mother to do what she feels is right for her and
her body gives a reflection on responsibility and evolution from
traditional drawbacks to the developing world. Comment by
Robert Zuckerman: Each topic sentence should state your
position/call to action along with the subtopic. This will ensure
a persuasive tone throughout. Please review each topic sentence
for this.
Abortion should be legal in the United States because {subtopic
for that body paragraph].

Detail A: Non-prochoice supporters need to understand that
there is no way to completely stop abortion from happening.
The procedures will continue and due to the hidden nature of it,
more unlicensed medical staff will emerge to take advantage of
the system which will be unfortunate for the mothers since there
is an increase in risks involvedexplained by Thompson,(2015).
Comment by Robert Zuckerman: Please make sure you
review for spelling and grammar errors. Comment by Robert
Zuckerman: Please review the GCU Style Guide or my
Citation/Reference Page Tips (attached in my welcome message
in the Private Forum) for proper formatting of in-text citations.
Your citation should be outside the quotations but inside the
punctuation.
For a direct quote it should be, “Quote word for word, less than
40 words” (Last Name, Year, p. #).
For paraphrases it should be: Sentence (Last Name, Year).
Please review all in-text citations to ensure they follow the
correct format.
You may also want to visit this site to help with all forms of in-
text citations: http://libguides.gcu.edu/CitingSources/APA
Detail B: Increase in maternal deaths has occurred since
abortions have become unsafe in countries that it is regarded as
illegal. The death of the women generally contradicts the pro-
life ideology.
Detail C: This shows the importance of adopting a pro-choice
policy by all nations. All policy and lawmakers should put this
as a vital part of human liberty.
Transitional sentence:The right to have a choice on abortion is
key for the development of a nation's social and liberal systems.
Change is inevitable and embracing the positive aspects of it in
advance will create more progress to the world in general.

Comment by Robert Zuckerman: When writing a transition
sentence you will want to refer to the current subtopic of that
paragraph and what you will be addressing next. Please review
and apply any changes to all of your transition sentences.
Support for Thesis 2 (Subtopic 2)Mother’s consequences:
Persuasive Topic Sentence including position and subtopic 2: A
lot is entailed when it comes to bringing life into the world and
supporting it until it is stable on its own and for the mother, the
consequences can change the course of her goals and plans in
life. An evaluation of her strengths and weakness are critical to
making such a choice.
Detail A: For one the mother is currently in school, the
pregnancy may end up hating her education process which may
be hard to go back to as responsibilities will increase.
Balancing both can be a challenge to the mothersays Berne,
(2007). Comment by Robert Zuckerman: Please make sure
any of the sources you are using have been published within the
last 10 years.
Please correct this in your 2nd body and 3rd body paragraphs.
Detail B:If a choice to abort was considered she could continue
going through with her education and not have to worry about
taking care of another life. This shows the need for abortion
legalization in all nations.
Detail C: This will influence her decisions in the future on how
to handle her body and avoid any problems that cannot be
reversed later.
Transitional sentence:Apart from responsibility consideration,
abortion-related deaths will decrease due to professional
healthcare systems put in place for abortion procedures.
Support for Thesis 3 (Subtopic 3)Child Support and Upbringing:

Having to bring a child into the world and giving it up for
adoption has never been the best choice in any society.The
foster home environment can never be compared to a normal
family home.
Detail A: Living in foster care for the children can have a lot of
negative side effects on their emotional upbringing and also
their overall lives as soon as they age past the foster care
system. The thoughts of the mothers having their children in
foster care can create a lot of emotional constraints in the long
run.
Detail B:Having an abortion seems to be the best option to
avoid all the future problems related to child upbringing
especially when the mother is not ready for it. Pro-choice
options are a critical part of the livelihood of any human who
comes to this world.
Detail C: The type of emotional toll of not being able to take
care of a child by putting them in foster care systems can lead
to mental issues that can ruin a mother's life. This can render
life seem a lot harder than it was intended to beexplained by
Williams, (2007).
Transitional Sentence:The system has a moral obligation to be
able to accommodate all life’s issues and determine its general
predominant controversial issues.
Conclusion
Paraphrase thesis statement (restated in different
words):Liberty, freedoms, and rights should be on the forefront
consideration on any negative influences related to abortion and
what it entails. Bringing life to the world should be based on
pro-choice including a variety of issues, not pro-life choices.
Comment by Robert Zuckerman: You will need to revise
this once you have a clear initial thesis statement.
Summarize main points: From rights and mother's consequences
to child support and upbringing there seems to be a lot at stake
on the decisions made regarding any pregnancy. Pro-choice
policies should not even be debatable, they should be a
necessity in every woman's status. The support provided for the

establishment of the system is as important as the process for
implementation.
Final remarks:The rights are important to create a more
proactive nation as modernization of traditional systems
becomes inevitable. The consequences faced by the mother are
generally critical when it comes to their overall living
conditions and goals in life.The upbringing of a child should be
a huge consideration when thinking about keeping a child or
going through abortion for both life's sake. Comment by
Robert Zuckerman: Be sure this final remark within the essay is
a 1 sentence call to action statement:
http://www.essaywritingcompany.com/How-to-write-a-good-
call-to-action-statement.html
* More below: Please move on to the next page.
References (New page at the end of the essay) Comment by
Robert Zuckerman: What happened to the 2 sources that were
acceptable that you shared in your Thesis Statement and
Gathering Resources worksheet?
Please note that you need at least three peer-reviewed journal
articles published within the last 10 years to meet the research
requirement for this essay. To review what make a source “peer-
reviewed”, please watch this video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=19&v=rOCQZ7
QnoN0&feature=emb_logo
Comment by Robert Zuckerman: These sources are not in
APA Style. Please refer to the GCU Style Guide/Citation and
Reference Page Tips document or other APA referencing
resource.
Other Reference Page criteria to double check:
-Ask yourself “did the cite tool improperly format any part of

your reference?”
-Alphabetize your sources based on Author’s last name
-12 pt. Times New Roman font
-Double space your references
-Include a .5” hanging indent
-Please use sentence case for titles; only capitalize the first
word of a journal article. The exceptions to this rule: Capitalize
after a colon, proper nouns, initials, and acronyms in a title.
-Put journal name and volume number in italics
-Activate your permalinks (place cursor at the end of the url and
tap Enter).
Journal Article-Single Author:
Author’s Last Name, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Journal
Title, Volume(Issue), pages. Doi (if available) or Retrieved
from URL (activated link)
Journal Article Multiple Authors:
Author’s Last Name, A. A., Author’s Last Name, B. B., &
Author’s Last Name, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Journal Title,
Volume(Issue), Page numbers. Doi (if available) or Retrieved
from URL (activated link)
You may find the GCU Library APA Guide helpful as well,
http://libguides.gcu.edu/CitingSources/APA
Please scroll down for some important First Draft reminders.
Berne, E. C. (2007). Abortion. Detroit: Greenhaven Press.
In Thompson, T. (2015). Abortion.
Williams, M. E. (2007). Abortion. Detroit: Greenhaven Press.
General First Draft Reminders
· 5 paragraphs ONLY (Intro, 3 body paragraphs, conclusion)
· 750-1000 words

· Try to paraphrase rather than using direct quotations
· Use 3rd person, academic language, avoid contractions, avoid
asking questions in body paragraphs
· GCU Style (use the GCU Style Template) or my teacher-made
template available in Week 5 Assignment Reminders in the
Questions to Instructor Forum.
I will not accept a First Draft if:
1. It is not written only as a five-paragraph essay.
2. It does not have a Reference Page at the end of the essay (on
a new page following your conclusion).
Is not submitted with a Citation Report (LopesWrite) or
Similarity % or Quoted Material % is too high (under 20%).
Helpful links:
The persuasive essay writing process:
References and Citation help:
http://libguides.gcu.edu/CitingSources
Grading Criteria
Consider the following criteria when developing the outline for
your essay. These criteria will be applied when this assignment
is graded.
1) The outline contains a thesis statement.
2) The outline contains a topic sentence for each of the three
paragraphs of the body of the essay.

3) Transitions between paragraphs are evident and appropriate.
4) It contains three details for each topic sentence; details
provide support of the related topic sentence.
5) Included in-text citations and references.
6) The outline contains a concluding sentence, which restates
the thesis in different words.
Name: EXAMPLE OUTLINE
Hook: Many nutritional experts blame the obesity crisis in the
United States on the development
of and rise in popularity of fast food.
Additional lead-in Information (2-4 sentences on background or
contextual information):

However, over last the fifty years the country changed much of
the way that farms are operated
in the United States. Traditionally, farms were rotated crop
farms which grew certain vegetables
depending in the season. However, those days are nothing more
than a memory and the toll is
felt by all Americans as it has greatly impacted the health of
American society. Americans never
questioned this shift as food costs were low and the food was
inspected by the United States
Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). Americans had no
idea how even just the beef that the
country eats could impact the health of the nation.
Thesis Sentence: : Grass fed beef is a better option than corn
fed beef because it has a high
nutritional value, can provide the body with much needed
Omega 3 fatty acids, and contains the
health benefits of conjugated linoleic acid.
Support for Thesis 1
Topic Sentence: Grass-fed is a healthier option than corn fed
beef because it has a high
nutritional value.

Commented [RZ1]: There are several different ways to grab
the attention of your reader:
1. A definition.
2. A quotation or paraphrase.
3. A little known or striking fact.
4. A statement of opinion
5. An interesting incident or anecdote related to your subject
6. An explanation of why the topic is worth writing/reading
about
7. A question that will be answered by your thesis, or will catch
the reader’s attention and lead toward your thesis.
Commented [RZ2]: Red = Your Position
Blue = Subtopic 1
Purple = Subtopic 2
Green = Subtopic 3
If your thesis statement was perfect on your Thesis Statement
and
Gathering Resources worksheet; USE THE SAME ONE!
If you were given any feedback directed in making changes,
please
make sure you make the suggested adjustments.
Commented [RZ3]: Each topic sentence should state your
position plus the subtopic for that paragraph.
This will ensure a persuasive tone throughout.

Detail A: The changing of the feeding practices by factory
farms that produce beef in the United
States may have been worse than feeding the cow’s junk food
and destroying the nutritional
content of the beef. Robinson (2011) discussed how many
factory farms feed the cattle things
like soy or corn which completely transform the meat from
healthy to an absolute health hazard.
To the contrast, grass-fed beef is beneficial to one’s health as
the cows are raised in a natural
way.
Detail B: According to Robinson (2011), much of the research
is clear in showing that there is a
much higher calories content and hazardous types of fats from
corn-fed beef that are responsible
for many of the fatal cardiovascular diseases. Another key
concern regarding the nutritional
value has to do with a significantly lower amount of nourishing
components such as vitamins,
anti-oxidants, and good fats (Robinson, 2011).

Detail C: Grass-fed actually has a high nutritional content but
gets a bad name from grain-fed
beef.
Transitional Sentence: Another benefit that makes grass fed
beef nutritionally superior is that
contains Omega 3s.
Topic Sentence: Grass fed beef a better choice over corn fed
beef because Omega 3 fatty acids
are very important to many functions of the body.
Detail A: Grogan (2012) argues that grass fed beef may have
several heart-healthy benefits that
corn fed beef does not. The difference lies in the diet of the
cattle, as there are major differences
in the nutrients between the two (Grogan, 2012). Grass fed beef
is usually much lower in the
total fat content, contains more heart-healthy omega-3 fatty

acids, antioxidants, and vitamins
(Grogan, 2012).
Detail B: Grass fed beef can have from two to five times more
Omega 3 fatty acids than corn or grain
fed beef (Robinson, 2011). The reasoning behind the push for a
diet rich with omega-3 fatty
acids is that they are responsible for blood flow (Robinson,
2011).
Commented [RZ4]: An example of a beginning of a sentence
citation for a paraphrased statement.
Commented [RZ5]: Please note that to earn full points for how
you present your argument on the first draft rubric, you’ll need
to
paraphrase your evidence as opposed to quoting.
If you do directly quote from a source; it must be under 40
words,
surrounded by quotation marks, and the in-text citation is
(Author’s
Last Name(s), Year, p. #).
EX: “Word for word excerpt taken from source” (Jackson,
Adams &
Smith, 2015, p. 27).
Commented [RZ6]: An example of an end of a sentence in-text

citation for a paraphrased statement.
Commented [RZ7]: End punctuation should only go after the
in-text citation, not before.
Commented [RZ8]: When writing a transition sentence you will
want to refer to the current subtopic of that paragraph and the
subtopic you will be addressing next.
Each transitional sentence should follow this format.
Detail C: Consequently, corn or grain fed beef is much higher in
Omega-6 fatty acids, which are
responsible for blood clotting.
Transitional Sentence: Eating more grass fed beef can bring
one’s body towards the equilibrium
it needs of a balance between the two while also providing the
body with conjugated linoleic acid.
Topic Sentence: Grass fed beef diets are nutritionally better

than corn fed beef diets because
contains the health benefits of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA).
Detail A: Grass fed beef has shown to have the capability to
dramatically enrich one’s diet with
conjugated linoleic acid (Daley, Abbott, Doyle, Nader, &
Larson, 2010). CLA has been linked to
early trials against cancer and other cardiovascular diseases
(Robinson, 2011). Robinson (2011)
also discussed how rats that ingested tiny amounts of CLA were
able to shrink mammary tumors.
Detail B: Another study noted by Onakpoya, Posadzki, Watson,
Davies and Ernst (2012), found
that a diet rich in CLA promoted long-term weight loss lowering
the risk of other weight related
diseases such as obesity.
Detail C: Preliminary evidence shows that it could also fight
breast cancer, help prevent clogged
arteries, lower cholesterol, and lower the risks of a heart attack
(Robinson, 2011).

Transitional Sentence: There are many benefits to eating grass-
fed beef, rather than corn fed beef,
which could improve one’s overall health.
Conclusion
Paraphrase thesis statement (restated in different words): Grass
fed beef has many benefits that
corn and grain fed lack including less total fat, more Omega 3
fatty acids, and disease reducing
Commented [RZ9]: In the last transitional sentence, you can
“sum up” the overall tone/intent of your argument.
In this case, the benefits of grass-fed beef to a person’s overall
health.
CLA
Summarize main points: If people were to switch to grass fed
and organic meats it would reap
great benefits for American society by making people healthier.

Grass fed beef also may show to
fight many of the diseases that impact the lives of so many in
today’s society. Grass-fed beef
could become the new chicken.
Final remarks: Take up a grass fed beef diet now; it can lead to
longevity in order to help fulfill
one’s life goals.

Commented [RZ10]: Re-state your thesis with all 3 subtopic in
different words as the first sentence to your conclusion.
Commented [RZ11]: Summarizing your main points should be
2-3 sentences.
Commented [RZ12]: Be sure this final remark within the essay
is a call to action statement:
call-
to-action-statement.html
References
In the space below, list all resources cited in your essay in
alphabetical order by author’s last
name, double spaced, and with a hanging indent. Any source
with “Retrieved from url (web
address); the url will need to be activated.
Daley, C. A., Abbott, A., Doyle, P. S., Nader, G. A., & Larson,
S. (2010). A review of fatty acid

profiles and antioxidant content in grass-fed and grain-fed beef.
Nutrition Journal, 910-
21. doi:10.1186/1475-2891
Grogan, M. (2012). Heart Disease. Retrieved from
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/grass-fed-
beef/AN02053
Onakpoya, I., Posadzki, P., Watson, L., Davies, L., & Ernst, E.
(2012). The efficacy of long-term
conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on body
composition in overweight and
obese individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of
randomized clinical trials.
European Journal Of Nutrition, 51(2), 127-134.
doi:10.1007/s00394-011-0253-9
Robinson, J. (2011). Pasture Perfect. Vashon Island Publishing:
Vashon, Washington.
An APA Reference citation for a peer-reviewed journal article
looks like this:
Krassel, K. F., & Heinesen, E. (2014). Class-size effects in
secondary school. Education
Economics, 22(4), 412-426. doi:10.1080/09645292.2014.902428
Please see the information below, it is color-coded to align to
the citation above:

1. An APA citation begins with the author(s) last name(s),
followed by their first and
middle name initials.
2. Then the publication year is in parenthesis.
Commented [RZ13]: To set hanging indents>
1. Select area to have hanging indents (entire reference list).
2. Right click
3. Select “paragraph” from the drop down menu
4. Under “Indentation and Special,” Select “Hanging”
Commented [RZ14]: Remember, you need 3 peer reviewed
journal articles as your sources. Websites like .com are not
considered scholarly sources.
Please make sure any sources have been published within the
last
10 years.
ANY SOURCE LISTED ON A REFERENCE PAGE MUST
HAVE AN IN-
TEXT CITATION IN YOUR ESSAY.
Commented [RZ15]: This is the APA formatting for a book;
again, you should only be using peer-reviewed journal articles.
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/grass-fed-beef/AN02053
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/grass-fed-beef/AN02053
3. Next is the article title. Please note that only the first word of

the article title begins with
a capital letter. Otherwise, only the first letter after a colon,
proper nouns, initials, or
acronyms.
4. Then the name of the journal is placed after the article title
followed by the volume
number, these are both in italics.
5. The issue number is in parenthesis.
6. Then the page numbers are placed after the issue number.
7. Sometimes there is a doi number, if there is not, you should
copy and paste the permalink
(Retrieved from activated url).

MGMT 707 Operations ManagementBreak Even case Jana.docx

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