The document discusses cost accounting, defining it as a technique for determining the cost of a project, process, or product through direct measurement, allocation, or systematic assignment. It involves identifying, recording, classifying, allocating, and presenting cost data to provide information for management decision making, cost control, and financial reporting. The key purposes of cost accounting are valuing inventory and determining cost of goods sold for financial statements, and providing cost information for planning, monitoring, and evaluating operational performance.
1.1 identify the type of accounting
1.2 difference between Cost Accounting , Cost Accountancy and Costing
1.3 understand the Management information needs
1.4 identify the objectives of cost accounting
1.5 difference between Cost Accounting Vs. Financial Accounting
1.6 identify the role of cost accountant
Decision making process in Management AccountingYamini Kahaliya
This presentation is on decision making process.
this includes following points :-
Cost-Volume Profit Analysis
Alternative Choice Decision –
Relevant cost
Sunk cost
Shut-down Process
Cost Accounting-
-Meaning of Cost Accounting
-Scope of Cost Accounting
-Nature of Cost Accounting
-Relationship b/w Financial Accounting & Cost Accounting
-Cost Accounting v/s Management Accounting
-Objectives of cost accounting
-Function of cost accountant
-Essentials of cost accounting
-Advantages of cost accounting
-Limitations of cost accounting
-Role of cost in cost accounting
-Cost Unit & Cost Centre
-Cost Techniques
-Costing Systems
-Costing Methods
-Cost Classification
-Components of total cost
-Cost Sheet.
Cost accoounting, managerial accounting,financial accounting,cost accounting, contabilidad de costo, jose cintron, advance business consulting, http://mba4help.com
Introduction of costing , its elements & cost sheetKamlesh Shinde
Basically presentation is based on the costing , its various elements, their classification and the illustration on a simple cost sheet and Estimated Cost sheet. It is very useful to beginners in cost accounting , B.Com and M.com Students.
1.1 identify the type of accounting
1.2 difference between Cost Accounting , Cost Accountancy and Costing
1.3 understand the Management information needs
1.4 identify the objectives of cost accounting
1.5 difference between Cost Accounting Vs. Financial Accounting
1.6 identify the role of cost accountant
Decision making process in Management AccountingYamini Kahaliya
This presentation is on decision making process.
this includes following points :-
Cost-Volume Profit Analysis
Alternative Choice Decision –
Relevant cost
Sunk cost
Shut-down Process
Cost Accounting-
-Meaning of Cost Accounting
-Scope of Cost Accounting
-Nature of Cost Accounting
-Relationship b/w Financial Accounting & Cost Accounting
-Cost Accounting v/s Management Accounting
-Objectives of cost accounting
-Function of cost accountant
-Essentials of cost accounting
-Advantages of cost accounting
-Limitations of cost accounting
-Role of cost in cost accounting
-Cost Unit & Cost Centre
-Cost Techniques
-Costing Systems
-Costing Methods
-Cost Classification
-Components of total cost
-Cost Sheet.
Cost accoounting, managerial accounting,financial accounting,cost accounting, contabilidad de costo, jose cintron, advance business consulting, http://mba4help.com
Introduction of costing , its elements & cost sheetKamlesh Shinde
Basically presentation is based on the costing , its various elements, their classification and the illustration on a simple cost sheet and Estimated Cost sheet. It is very useful to beginners in cost accounting , B.Com and M.com Students.
Based on the literatures answer the following questionNo to e.docxikirkton
Based on the literatures answer the following question:
No to exceed 600 words in total
What tool do you need to control cost in your profit center?
What is the difference between cash and revenue?
This article explains the essential concepts of cost accounting. The overview provides an introduction to the basic cost accounting objectives and techniques, the roles of the controller and cost accountant within the corporate management structure and the ethical considerations that guide cost accountants. This article also explains the basic cost accumulation methods that are used in cost accounting systems. These methods include job order costing, process costing, backflush costing, hybrid costing and joint and by-product costing. Further, explanations of the most common costs that companies must plan for and control are included, such as direct labor, direct material and factory overhead costs. Finally, this overview describes how cost accounting techniques affect business considerations in areas such as budgeting, pricing and inventory costing methods, which include throughput, direct, absorption and activity-based costing systems.
Keywords Activity-Based Costing; Activity-based Management (ABM); Actual Cost System; Backflush Costing; Balance Sheet; By-product; Controller; Cost Accounting; Cost Accumulation; Cost Driver; Direct Labor; Direct Materials; Factory Cost; Factory Overhead; Fixed Cost; Indirect Cost; Job Order Costing; Joint Cost; Labor Productivity; Process Costing; Sunk Cost; Variable Cost
Accounting > Cost Accounting
Overview
Cost accounting is the application of accounting and costing principles to the tracking, recording and analysis of the costs associated with the products or services a business produces and the activities involved in the production process. Broadly speaking, cost accounting objectives include the preparation of statistical data, application of cost accumulation and cost control methods to production processes and analysis of an organization's profitability as compared with previous periods of time and projected budgets. Cost accountants use basic accounting techniques to compile and analyze data to meet these objectives. In performing these tasks, cost accountants work within the controller's office or the accounting department of most companies. And in addition to any internal company policies that govern their duties, cost accountants must consider the ethical principles that guide the accounting and financial reporting industries. The following sections provide a more in-depth explanation of these concepts.
Introduction to Cost Accounting
Cost accounting identifies, defines, measures, reports and analyzes the various elements of direct and indirect costs associated with producing and marketing goods and services. Cost accounting also measures performance, product quality and productivity. Direct costs can be directly traced to producing specific goods or services, such as the cost of raw mater ...
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• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
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• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
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what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
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Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
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how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.
Mfc cost accounting
1. “Profitability is the sovereign criterion of
enterprise, and Cost Accounting greatly
promotes it.” Peter F. Drucker
2. Programme:Master of Finance and Control[MFC]
Level:Master
Total Lecture hour:36
Internal Evaluation: 50 marks
Evaluation: On going or continuous process
Final Examination: 50 Marks
Class hour:1.5 LH
Attendance: 80 % of LH to be qualified
3. Cost accounting is a fast growing discipline.
It developed mainly with the Industrial
Revolution from 1760 onwards.
It has a major resource for gaining
competitiveness
It is foundation of profitability.
Cost accounting is a cost information system
It records ,measures and reports information
about costs of some object.
4. Institute of Management Accountants,USA,Says
“Cost accounting is the system within an
organization that provides for the collection
and assignment of costs to cost objects.”
Thus, it is a process which
identifies,ascertains,records,classifies,allots,a
nd present cost data.
5. CIMA,London, “Cost accounting is defined as “ the
application of costing and costing principles,
methods and techniques to the science, art and
practice of cost control and the ascertainment of
profitability. It includes the presentation of
information derived there from for the purpose of
managerial decision making”.
6. Cost accounting is defined as a technique or
method for determining the cost of project,
process or thing .This cost is determined by direct
measurement, arbitrary assignment, or systematic
and rational allocation.
It provides information for two major purposes:
1. Valuing ending inventories and determining
cost of goods sold for financial reporting
purposes,
2. Costing products and services for management
control purposes(planning, monitoring and
controlling operations and performance
evaluation
7. To ascertain cost of production of every
unit,job,operation,process,department and
service,and to develop cost standards.
To facilitate cost planning and control
To disclose profitable and unprofitable activities.
To facilitate decision making
To evaluate performance of operations.
To help determine cost and price of products.
To provide data for comparison of costs within the
firm and also between similar firms.
8. To indicate to the management any inefficiencies
and the extent of various forms of waste, whether
of material,time,expense or in the use of
machinery, equipment and tools. Analysis of the
causes of unsatisfactory results may indicate
remedial action.
9. Price Determination strategies
Help in cost control, cost reduction and inventory
control.
Wastage control (wastage of labour,material and
other resources)
Decision making
Reveals profitable and unprofitable activities
Cost information can be used as a basis for
budgetary control and standard costing that leads
optimum efficiency.
Provides cost data to outside Agencies(Govt,wage
tribunal, trade union etc).
10. Importance to Management(busi. policy,bid,use
of resources,st costing,budgetery control,)
Importance to Investors
Importance to Consumers
Importance to employees
Importance to Government(Tax policy,Industrial
Policy, Export-import policy, settle of disputes)
Functions of Cost Accounting
Cost ascertainment
Cost Analysis
Cost Control
11. Financial Accounting is largely concerned with
financial statements for external use by
investors,creditors,labour unions, financial
analysts, government agencies, and other
interest groups. It involves recording,
classification and analysis of business transactions
in subjective manner so as to facilitate preparation
of profit and loss account, balance sheet and cash
flow statement for showing the results of the
business operation as a whole.
12. Gary A. Porter and Curtis L Norton:
“ Financial accounting is the branch of accounting
concerned with communication with outsiders
through financial statements.”
Financial accounting is oriented towards the
preparation of financial statements which
summarize the result of operations for selected
period of time and show the financial position of
the business at particular dates.
13. Contents:Income statement,Balance sheet and
cashflow statement.
Accounting System:Techniques and
procedures used by accountant in
measuring,describing and communicating
financial data to users.(Journal,ledgers,trial
balance,financial statements are prepared
using double entry accounting system)
Accounting Priciples :
GAAP(methods,procedures and techniques).
Measurement Unit:
Users of Financial accounting Information
14. Systematic records of financial transactions are made in
financial accounting with the following advantages.
Explains profit and loss of a business for a specified period
Reasons leading to profit and loss can be located to take a
necessary action to increase profit
Discloses the financial status of a business enterprise
Regulates reminders for receivable amount to reduce bad
debts
Arrangement for the amount payable to outsiders becomes
easier
Preparation of a trial balance facilitates the checking of errors
toward maintaining an arithmetic accuracy of transactions
Discovers and facilitates preventing frauds
Guidance for the purpose of taking decisions
Evidence for making an assessment of income tax
15. Does not provide detailed cost information
Does not segregate cost:
Does not determine price:
No provision for standards:
Does not control cost
Does not explain losses on account of
stoppage of production and idle plant
capacity
Does not provide future information
16. Management accounting is a branch of
accounting concerned with providing internal
users(Management) with information to
facilitate planning ,control and decision
making.
It is a system of collecting
,classifying,summarizing,analysing and
reporting information that assists managers
in their decision making and control
activities.
17. Institute of Cost and Management
Accountants,UK,defines”Management Accounting is
the application of professional knowledge and skill in
the preparation of accounting information in such a
way as to assist management in the formulation of
policies and in the planning and control of the
operation of the undertaking.”
Objectives:
Assist in planning and formulation of future policies
Help in Interpretation of financial Information
Helps in controlling Performance.
Help in organizing
Help in the solution of strategic business problems
Help in Decision Making
18. Costs can be defined as money or monetary
value sacrificed to achieve goods or services.
The sacrifice may be in terms of cash
expenditure, property transfer, service
rendering and promises to pay in future.
Cost refers the amount of expenses spent to
generate product or services.
A manager of a manufacturing firm pays
money for materials, labour, electricity, rent,
repair, maintenance and so on. Payment of
money or money’s worth to get something is
very common and pervasive. This payment is
called expense or expenditure or cost.
19. Cost is the amount of resources given up in
exchange for some goods or services.
– Horngren, Sundem and Stratton
“Cost may be defined as the sacrifice or giving up
of resources for a particular purpose. Cost is
frequently measured by monetary units that
must be paid for goods and services. Costs are
initially recorded in elementary from. Then these
costs are grouped in different ways to help
managers make decisions. To aid decisions
managers want the cost of something. This
something is called a cost object, which may be
defined as any activity for which a separate
measurement of cost is desired.”
20. Direct Material:
The cost of materials that is directly and conveniently
identifiable or traceable to each unit of product is
defined as direct material. Direct material, also known
as raw material, is the main ingredient of the finished
product. Finished products are the refined or value–
added forms of the direct material. A tangible product
is almost impossible without the direct material.
Examples :
Direct Material Wood , Raw cotton, Crude oil, Textile
etc
Process
Finished Product Furniture, Textiles, Diesel, Garments
etc
21. The labours that are paid with each piece of
marginal product are direct labours. Direct
labour costs can be directly traced to each unit
of product without any apportionment basis.
Direct labour is, therefore, defined as the
employment of those workers who are physically
engaged in the production of the output.
Examples of direct labour costs include the
wages of operatives who assemble parts into
finished products like sewing labour in a
garment factory that is paid per piece or the time
spent to make shirts, pants and trousers.
22. Any expenses other than the direct material
cost and direct labour cost which are directly
incurred on a particular product are direct
expenses. They can be directly identified with
each unit of product.
Examples of direct expenses are; cost of
product designing, product model, handling
from one process to the next process, cost of
patent and royalties, and so on.
23. All those expenses which cannot be directly
traced or identified with each unit of the
products are overhead costs. In fact, overhead
costs are indirect costs which cannot be directly
charged to a particular unit of a product without
allocating these on the basis of some appropriate
methods.
All expenses other than prime costs are overhead
costs or indirect costs.
Key elements of overhead costs are:
Indirect Materials: Items of indirect materials cannot be identified with
any one product. Oil and grease used to clean the machine are indirect materials.
Indirect Labour: salary of a factory supervisor
Indirect Expenses: Rent, stationery, heat, light, power, repair and
maintenance, depreciation
24. a. Variable costs
b. Fixed costs
c. Mixed costs.
Classification according to Behaviour of Costs
25. Manufacturing Cost
General and administration cost
Selling and Distribution
Research and Development..
Classification By Controllability..
Controllable costs
Uncontrollable Costs
26. Avoidable and Unavoidable costs
Relevant and Irrelevant costs
Product(Inventory) cost and Period costs
Opportunity cost
Sunk cost
Differential cost
Common Cost and joint cost
Shut down cost
Imputed cost
Conversion Cost