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Meta-stereotyping
and the Girl Geek
 Jenny Cole, Psychologist
My background
• Social Psychology

• Gossip, interpersonal communication, social
  perception, person memory

• Yes, Psychology is a science
  – Hypothetico-deductive method, aiming to
    objectively measure human behaviour
  – BUT humans are sneaky
Humans & Groups
• Evolutionary basis
  – Increases survival
  – Efficient use of resources


• We behave differently in
  groups
  – Conformity
  – Group think
  – Different forms of social
    identity
Stereotyping
• Stereotyping:
   – “widely shared and
     simplified evaluative
     image of a social
     group and it’s
     members”
     (Hogg & Vaughan, 2005, p. 584)


   – Social categorisation
   – Use of prototypes                          The Scientist
Meta-stereotypes
• Meta-cognition
  – ‘knowing that we
    know’ (or don’t know)

• Meta-stereotyping
  – Being aware of the
    stereotypes others
    hold of us
  e.g. as a
    ‘woman’, ‘British’, ‘stu
    dent’ etc
Effects of stereotyping
• Negative stereotypes!
  – Creation of ingroups and outgroups
  – Dehumanisation of individuals
  – Prejudice

• Behavioural assimilation
  – Taking on the characteristics of a social group after
    exposure to stereotypes about them

• Stereotype threat
  – Not fulfilling potential due to meta-stereotypes
Behavioural assimilation
she cake the last took piece of rudely
She rudely took the last piece of cake

she others usually to respectful is
She is usually respectful to others

friend’s sends birthday a card for a she
She sends a card for a friend’s birthday




forgetful was very these she days often
She was often very forgetful these days    Slow
very was yesterday thirsty she
She was very thirsty yesterday
Stereotype threat
• Thinking about meta-stereotypes about you


     +
  Women are                 Good baking
  good at baking            performance




     -
 Women aren’t               Poor maths
 good at maths              performance
Gender stereotype threat
                                         Only happens when:
Maths performance




                                          - You say that gender is
                                         important to the task
                                          - The women in question are
                                         high identifiers as ‘women’

                    Male    Female

                                        We are not consciously
                                        aware of the effects of
       Seems to be due to effects       stereotype threat
       on working memory                Thinking about stereotypes
                                        others hold of us uses up
                                        cognitive resources
Effects on women in science
• Women face psychological barriers as well as
  physical ones to entering
  science/engineering/technological fields

  – What it means to be female in society tells you that
    ‘women don’t do science’ (descriptive norm) and that
    ‘women shouldn’t do science’ (prescriptive norm)

  – Women unconsciously take on this stereotype and it
    might stop them reaching their science/maths
    engineering potential
Changing the status quo
• These gender stereotypes are no longer as strong

• Probably most problematic at school?

• It’s not necessarily about persuading girls that
  they want to do science but that they can

• Making a wide range of skills/abilities/careers
  part of which it means to be a women in society
Thanks for listening!

  Any questions?

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Meta stereotyping and the girl geek

  • 1. Meta-stereotyping and the Girl Geek Jenny Cole, Psychologist
  • 2. My background • Social Psychology • Gossip, interpersonal communication, social perception, person memory • Yes, Psychology is a science – Hypothetico-deductive method, aiming to objectively measure human behaviour – BUT humans are sneaky
  • 3. Humans & Groups • Evolutionary basis – Increases survival – Efficient use of resources • We behave differently in groups – Conformity – Group think – Different forms of social identity
  • 4. Stereotyping • Stereotyping: – “widely shared and simplified evaluative image of a social group and it’s members” (Hogg & Vaughan, 2005, p. 584) – Social categorisation – Use of prototypes The Scientist
  • 5. Meta-stereotypes • Meta-cognition – ‘knowing that we know’ (or don’t know) • Meta-stereotyping – Being aware of the stereotypes others hold of us e.g. as a ‘woman’, ‘British’, ‘stu dent’ etc
  • 6. Effects of stereotyping • Negative stereotypes! – Creation of ingroups and outgroups – Dehumanisation of individuals – Prejudice • Behavioural assimilation – Taking on the characteristics of a social group after exposure to stereotypes about them • Stereotype threat – Not fulfilling potential due to meta-stereotypes
  • 7. Behavioural assimilation she cake the last took piece of rudely She rudely took the last piece of cake she others usually to respectful is She is usually respectful to others friend’s sends birthday a card for a she She sends a card for a friend’s birthday forgetful was very these she days often She was often very forgetful these days Slow very was yesterday thirsty she She was very thirsty yesterday
  • 8. Stereotype threat • Thinking about meta-stereotypes about you + Women are Good baking good at baking performance - Women aren’t Poor maths good at maths performance
  • 9. Gender stereotype threat Only happens when: Maths performance - You say that gender is important to the task - The women in question are high identifiers as ‘women’ Male Female We are not consciously aware of the effects of Seems to be due to effects stereotype threat on working memory Thinking about stereotypes others hold of us uses up cognitive resources
  • 10. Effects on women in science • Women face psychological barriers as well as physical ones to entering science/engineering/technological fields – What it means to be female in society tells you that ‘women don’t do science’ (descriptive norm) and that ‘women shouldn’t do science’ (prescriptive norm) – Women unconsciously take on this stereotype and it might stop them reaching their science/maths engineering potential
  • 11. Changing the status quo • These gender stereotypes are no longer as strong • Probably most problematic at school? • It’s not necessarily about persuading girls that they want to do science but that they can • Making a wide range of skills/abilities/careers part of which it means to be a women in society
  • 12. Thanks for listening! Any questions?