This is a summary of some of the reliefs from both Akkadian and Assyrian culture. It emphasizes the historical detail and the perceptualism of both cultures.
The document discusses the rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire under King Tiglath-Pileser III from 750-700 BC. It describes how Tiglath-Pileser III reorganized the Assyrian army into a powerful standing force that allowed him to conquer a vast region, defeating neighboring powers like Urartu and forcing states from the Euphrates to Egypt to submit to Assyrian rule. The document provides context on the geopolitical situation, including the weakened states of Babylon, Israel, and Syria that enabled the Assyrian Empire's resurgence and expansion under Tiglath-Pileser III's leadership and military reforms.
The Assyrian Empire originated in northern Mesopotamia and by 900 BCE had established a vast empire across the ancient Near East through effective military force. The Assyrians were the first major military power, inventing many weapons and strategies still used today. Military service was mandatory in their society. Assyrian kings derived divine power from gods and built grand palaces decorated with reliefs depicting ceremonies, conquests, and royal lion hunts to demonstrate their strength and rule. The last great Near Eastern kingdom before interaction with Greece and Rome was the Persian Empire founded by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BCE.
The document provides an overview of the ancient Assyrian civilization from 2400 BC to 612 BC. It describes how the Assyrians developed from a semi-nomadic group with no natural defenses into a powerful military empire through developing advanced warfare techniques. At its peak, the Assyrian empire stretched from Egypt to Persia. However, the Assyrians' brutal tactics against conquered peoples led to their downfall, as a coalition arose and destroyed the Assyrian capital of Nineveh in 612 BC, ending the Assyrian empire.
This document provides an overview of ancient art from the Near East region, known as Mesopotamia, between 6000 BCE and 500 BCE. It summarizes the major cultures and developments, including the origins of agriculture in Sumer along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Key contributions of the Sumerians included the earliest writing system of cuneiform pressed into clay tablets, as well as advances in architecture like ziggurats, metallurgy, and urban living. Later empires like Assyria and Babylon continued cultural and artistic traditions in Mesopotamia until the rise of the Persian Empire in 500 BCE.
The document summarizes the military campaigns and tactics of the ancient Assyrian empire between the 10th-7th centuries BC. It explains that the Assyrians felt they needed to maintain a strong military to protect their heartland from external threats. Their army was composed of infantry, chariots, cavalry, and was effective due to flexibility in adapting tactics. The Assyrians conducted extensive campaigns during summer months after the harvest. Their dominance of the ancient Near East through ruthless military campaigns established them as the imperial power of the time period.
The Babylonian Empire rose to power around 1750 BCE with Babylon as its capital city. King Hammurabi united the cities of Sumer into an empire and conquered lands across the region through skilled warriors. Babylon became extremely wealthy through its strategic location at the crossroads of trade routes and bustling bazaars. However, the empire was eventually destroyed around 1600 BCE. Hammurabi established one of the first written legal codes to govern Babylonian society.
Mesopotamian art developed over several periods, with the Sumer period focusing on sculpture and architecture depicting daily life, the Akkad period producing black sculptures, and the Assyrian period known for reliefs. The Babylonian period was marked by King Hammurabi and the establishment of codes of law. Key artworks included ziggurats, sculptures of bearded bulls and goats, and reliefs showing rulers and myths.
This is a summary of some of the reliefs from both Akkadian and Assyrian culture. It emphasizes the historical detail and the perceptualism of both cultures.
The document discusses the rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire under King Tiglath-Pileser III from 750-700 BC. It describes how Tiglath-Pileser III reorganized the Assyrian army into a powerful standing force that allowed him to conquer a vast region, defeating neighboring powers like Urartu and forcing states from the Euphrates to Egypt to submit to Assyrian rule. The document provides context on the geopolitical situation, including the weakened states of Babylon, Israel, and Syria that enabled the Assyrian Empire's resurgence and expansion under Tiglath-Pileser III's leadership and military reforms.
The Assyrian Empire originated in northern Mesopotamia and by 900 BCE had established a vast empire across the ancient Near East through effective military force. The Assyrians were the first major military power, inventing many weapons and strategies still used today. Military service was mandatory in their society. Assyrian kings derived divine power from gods and built grand palaces decorated with reliefs depicting ceremonies, conquests, and royal lion hunts to demonstrate their strength and rule. The last great Near Eastern kingdom before interaction with Greece and Rome was the Persian Empire founded by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BCE.
The document provides an overview of the ancient Assyrian civilization from 2400 BC to 612 BC. It describes how the Assyrians developed from a semi-nomadic group with no natural defenses into a powerful military empire through developing advanced warfare techniques. At its peak, the Assyrian empire stretched from Egypt to Persia. However, the Assyrians' brutal tactics against conquered peoples led to their downfall, as a coalition arose and destroyed the Assyrian capital of Nineveh in 612 BC, ending the Assyrian empire.
This document provides an overview of ancient art from the Near East region, known as Mesopotamia, between 6000 BCE and 500 BCE. It summarizes the major cultures and developments, including the origins of agriculture in Sumer along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Key contributions of the Sumerians included the earliest writing system of cuneiform pressed into clay tablets, as well as advances in architecture like ziggurats, metallurgy, and urban living. Later empires like Assyria and Babylon continued cultural and artistic traditions in Mesopotamia until the rise of the Persian Empire in 500 BCE.
The document summarizes the military campaigns and tactics of the ancient Assyrian empire between the 10th-7th centuries BC. It explains that the Assyrians felt they needed to maintain a strong military to protect their heartland from external threats. Their army was composed of infantry, chariots, cavalry, and was effective due to flexibility in adapting tactics. The Assyrians conducted extensive campaigns during summer months after the harvest. Their dominance of the ancient Near East through ruthless military campaigns established them as the imperial power of the time period.
The Babylonian Empire rose to power around 1750 BCE with Babylon as its capital city. King Hammurabi united the cities of Sumer into an empire and conquered lands across the region through skilled warriors. Babylon became extremely wealthy through its strategic location at the crossroads of trade routes and bustling bazaars. However, the empire was eventually destroyed around 1600 BCE. Hammurabi established one of the first written legal codes to govern Babylonian society.
Mesopotamian art developed over several periods, with the Sumer period focusing on sculpture and architecture depicting daily life, the Akkad period producing black sculptures, and the Assyrian period known for reliefs. The Babylonian period was marked by King Hammurabi and the establishment of codes of law. Key artworks included ziggurats, sculptures of bearded bulls and goats, and reliefs showing rulers and myths.
The document describes an ancient Egyptian funerary mask of Tutankhamun from 1327 BC made of gold inlaid with glass and semiprecious stones in the Cairo Museum, showing the artistic traditions from the New Kingdom period of ancient Egypt centered around religious beliefs involving judgment of the dead.
Syria has a population of 19.1 million and an area of 185,180 sq km. Arabic is the official language and the Syrian pound is the currency. Some key facts on Syria's history include that Damascus is considered the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, and Syria has been home to many ancient civilizations like the Phoenicians, Assyrians, and Greeks. Syria has a diverse economy and is working to transition to a more market-based system while still maintaining a significant public sector. It offers incentives for private investment including tax exemptions.
1) The document discusses the political status and boundaries of Gaza under the Assyrian Empire based on archaeological and textual evidence from the time period.
2) When the Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III first campaigned to Philistia in 734 BCE, Gaza was an independent kingdom that had been established for around 400 years.
3) According to Assyrian inscriptions, Tiglath-Pileser conquered Gaza and its king, Hanunu, fled to Egypt. Hanunu later returned and was reinstalled as a vassal of Assyria. The Assyrians established an emporium in Gaza and imposed tribute.
The document summarizes the major civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia, including Sumer, Akkadia, Babylon, and others in the Fertile Crescent region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It describes the origins of these civilizations, their social structures, religions, and contributions such as the development of writing and legal codes. Later, the Assyrians and Persians conquered parts of Mesopotamia and influenced the region.
1. The document provides an overview of ancient Egyptian history from the first pharaoh Menes/Narmer to Ramses II.
2. Key figures mentioned include Hatshepsut, the first female pharaoh, and Tutankhamun, whose tomb was discovered intact.
3. Egypt relied heavily on the predictable flooding of the Nile River for agriculture and the economy. Major sites discussed include the pyramids and temples at Giza and Karnak.
14 A Image List Midterm Terminology Chronologyhookerk
The mid-term exam for the World Architecture course consists of three parts. Part I includes four short identifications of buildings based on location, architect, date, and historical context. Part II contains two unknown buildings where students must argue for identifications based on formal analysis and comparisons. Part III involves writing two comparison essays about two buildings shown, discussing their influences on each other and referencing other relevant architectural and historical contexts. The exam tests students' knowledge of architectural terminology, structures, styles, and movements.
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, was known as the "Cradle of Civilization". The flooding of the rivers provided ideal conditions for the development of settlements and agriculture. Individual city-states emerged along the rivers, each with their own patron deity, government, and eventually king. Sumer was an early Mesopotamian civilization centered around cities like Ur and Uruk, known for innovations like the ziggurat temple towers and a polytheistic religion. Later, Babylonia rose to power under the rule of King Hammurabi, who developed one of the earliest known code of laws.
1) Alexander's campaign in India was a disaster for the Greeks. They were unprepared for the fierce resistance put up by Indian warriors unlike any they had faced before, and suffered heavy losses in battles against smaller Indian cities.
2) In the pivotal Battle of Hydaspes against the large and well-equipped army of King Puru, the Greeks may have actually lost but claimed victory. Alexander's troops were exhausted and demoralized by this point.
3) Facing the prospect of battling the enormous armies of the Nanda Empire further east, the Greeks' courage broke and Alexander ordered a retreat, having achieved little in conquering India despite only engaging a small fraction of the subcontinent's forces
The document summarizes Spanish Minister of Industry, Energy and Tourism's visit to Turkey from November 9-17, 2013. It includes visits to a school, work meetings, and a geothermal energy center. It also provides background information on geothermal energy in Turkey and Spain. Additionally, it describes several important historical cities in Turkey including Pamukkale, Sardis, Manisa, Ephesus, and Hierapolis.
The Mughal era in India ran from the early 16th century to the early 18th century. It began with Babur's defeat of Ibrahim Lodi in 1526 and establishment of the Mughal Empire. Key Mughal emperors included Humayun, Akbar, and Aurangzeb. The Mughal Empire was one of the largest and most powerful empires in the world during this period, governing much of the Indian subcontinent and building iconic structures like the Taj Mahal. However, internal conflicts and external pressures eventually contributed to the decline of the Mughal Empire in the early 18th century.
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. It was the site of the earliest civilizations, with many city-states forming along the fertile river valleys where agriculture flourished. The Sumerians, who lived in the region between the rivers, developed writing, schools, and advanced cultural and technological innovations like irrigation and city planning, making Mesopotamia the cradle of civilization. However, constant warfare between the independent city-states left Sumer vulnerable to conquest by other groups like the Babylonians.
The document provides an overview of early civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It describes the Sumerians as the first people to develop cities and writing (in the form of cuneiform) around 3500 BCE. It then discusses the subsequent Akkadian, Babylonian, Hittite, Assyrian, Chaldean, and Persian empires that arose and fell in Mesopotamia and the surrounding Fertile Crescent region over thousands of years. Key figures that united large parts of the region under their rule include Sargon of Akkad, Hammurabi of Babylon, and Cyrus and Darius of Persia.
Rameses II became pharaoh of Egypt in 1279 BCE. When new pharaohs came to power, neighboring civilizations would test them by sending armies to try and take Egyptian land. Although Rameses II was a poor general, he had great helpers who defended Egypt. Rameses II is remembered for ordering the construction of the huge Abu Simbel temple and for having his name chiseled on monuments across Egypt to boost confidence in his rule, even though Egypt's military strength is what really kept the country safe during his 60-year reign.
The document provides an overview of ancient Sumerian art and civilization. It discusses how the Sumerians established the first cities in Mesopotamia along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers around 3200 BCE. They developed irrigation, writing, and many other innovations that defined early civilization. Sumerian art included monumental architecture like ziggurats, sculptures of gods and worshippers, and the Standard of Ur with intricate mosaic scenes of war and peace. However, the Sumerian civilization declined when they were conquered by the Akkadian Empire in 2350 BCE.
This document provides an overview of early civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt. It discusses key characteristics that were common to both civilizations, including their development along major river valleys, hierarchical social structures, the invention of writing, and polytheistic religious beliefs. Specific details are then given about the history, society, architecture, art, and literature of Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations. Early civilizations in these regions are considered the origin of complex societies in human history.
The document discusses several artifacts from ancient Sumeria including paintings on a box from the Standard of Ur depicting war and peace scenes, a harp sculpture featuring a blue beard and human-headed bulls, statues of the ruler Gudea posing before subjects, votive statues from a temple, a carved alabaster vase that would hold flowers, and a carved scene of a ram climbing a golden tree. It also describes the evolution of temples from platforms to stepped ziggarats and mentions the goddess Inanna and the Uruk Vase depicting her. The artifacts demonstrate the skill of Sumerian craftspeople and provide insights into their religion and culture.
During the Yamato Period from 300-710 AD, the Japanese imperial court began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture, including Confucianism, Chinese writing characters, Buddhist sects, art, architecture, and government structure. Prince Shotoku further adopted Chinese cultural influences and created a new government structure through his 17 Article Constitution in 604 AD. The Heian Period from 794-1156 AD saw the growth of large landed estates, flourishing Chinese arts and literature at court, and the development of elaborate court life, literature like The Pillow Book and Tale of Genji, and a gradual move away from Chinese cultural models. The feudal system in Japan was similar to that in Europe, based on loyalty between l
This document provides an overview of early civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt. It discusses key characteristics that Mesopotamia and Egypt shared, including their development along major river valleys, hierarchical societies, use of irrigation, and the invention of writing. The document then examines the civilizations of Mesopotamia in more depth, covering the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. Important figures and developments are highlighted for each group. Early Egyptian civilization is also briefly outlined.
Mesopotamian architecture was characterized by massive monumental structures like ziggurats and palaces. Ziggurats were large stepped towers built out of mudbricks that served both practical and religious purposes. They dominated cities and symbolized the rule of gods. Some notable ziggurats included those at Uruk, Borsippa, and Ur. Palaces were also grand architectural feats, such as Sargon's palace at Dur-Sharrukin in Assyria and the structures built by Persian kings at Pasargadae and Persepolis, including the Apadana palace and Hall of 100 Columns.
The document summarizes categories and periods of prehistoric art from 40,000 BC to 3000 BC, including the Upper Paleolithic period, Mesolithic period, and Neolithic period. It then focuses on art from the Upper Paleolithic period, describing cave paintings found at sites like Lascaux Cave in France from around 17,000-15,000 BC depicting animals like bulls, deer, and horses. The techniques used included paint made from ochre applied with brushes or blown through tubes, and the art displayed skills like modeling anatomy and proportions. Scholars have proposed meanings for the cave art like linked to hunting magic, fertility, or seasonal notations.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Church of St. Denis, including that it was the first architectural experiment in Gothic style features like ribbed vaults, long stained glass windows, and triforium. It introduced these elements that became standard in later Gothic cathedrals. The design was conceived by Abbot Suger to harness the mystical qualities of light using these techniques.
The document describes an ancient Egyptian funerary mask of Tutankhamun from 1327 BC made of gold inlaid with glass and semiprecious stones in the Cairo Museum, showing the artistic traditions from the New Kingdom period of ancient Egypt centered around religious beliefs involving judgment of the dead.
Syria has a population of 19.1 million and an area of 185,180 sq km. Arabic is the official language and the Syrian pound is the currency. Some key facts on Syria's history include that Damascus is considered the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world, and Syria has been home to many ancient civilizations like the Phoenicians, Assyrians, and Greeks. Syria has a diverse economy and is working to transition to a more market-based system while still maintaining a significant public sector. It offers incentives for private investment including tax exemptions.
1) The document discusses the political status and boundaries of Gaza under the Assyrian Empire based on archaeological and textual evidence from the time period.
2) When the Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III first campaigned to Philistia in 734 BCE, Gaza was an independent kingdom that had been established for around 400 years.
3) According to Assyrian inscriptions, Tiglath-Pileser conquered Gaza and its king, Hanunu, fled to Egypt. Hanunu later returned and was reinstalled as a vassal of Assyria. The Assyrians established an emporium in Gaza and imposed tribute.
The document summarizes the major civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia, including Sumer, Akkadia, Babylon, and others in the Fertile Crescent region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It describes the origins of these civilizations, their social structures, religions, and contributions such as the development of writing and legal codes. Later, the Assyrians and Persians conquered parts of Mesopotamia and influenced the region.
1. The document provides an overview of ancient Egyptian history from the first pharaoh Menes/Narmer to Ramses II.
2. Key figures mentioned include Hatshepsut, the first female pharaoh, and Tutankhamun, whose tomb was discovered intact.
3. Egypt relied heavily on the predictable flooding of the Nile River for agriculture and the economy. Major sites discussed include the pyramids and temples at Giza and Karnak.
14 A Image List Midterm Terminology Chronologyhookerk
The mid-term exam for the World Architecture course consists of three parts. Part I includes four short identifications of buildings based on location, architect, date, and historical context. Part II contains two unknown buildings where students must argue for identifications based on formal analysis and comparisons. Part III involves writing two comparison essays about two buildings shown, discussing their influences on each other and referencing other relevant architectural and historical contexts. The exam tests students' knowledge of architectural terminology, structures, styles, and movements.
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, was known as the "Cradle of Civilization". The flooding of the rivers provided ideal conditions for the development of settlements and agriculture. Individual city-states emerged along the rivers, each with their own patron deity, government, and eventually king. Sumer was an early Mesopotamian civilization centered around cities like Ur and Uruk, known for innovations like the ziggurat temple towers and a polytheistic religion. Later, Babylonia rose to power under the rule of King Hammurabi, who developed one of the earliest known code of laws.
1) Alexander's campaign in India was a disaster for the Greeks. They were unprepared for the fierce resistance put up by Indian warriors unlike any they had faced before, and suffered heavy losses in battles against smaller Indian cities.
2) In the pivotal Battle of Hydaspes against the large and well-equipped army of King Puru, the Greeks may have actually lost but claimed victory. Alexander's troops were exhausted and demoralized by this point.
3) Facing the prospect of battling the enormous armies of the Nanda Empire further east, the Greeks' courage broke and Alexander ordered a retreat, having achieved little in conquering India despite only engaging a small fraction of the subcontinent's forces
The document summarizes Spanish Minister of Industry, Energy and Tourism's visit to Turkey from November 9-17, 2013. It includes visits to a school, work meetings, and a geothermal energy center. It also provides background information on geothermal energy in Turkey and Spain. Additionally, it describes several important historical cities in Turkey including Pamukkale, Sardis, Manisa, Ephesus, and Hierapolis.
The Mughal era in India ran from the early 16th century to the early 18th century. It began with Babur's defeat of Ibrahim Lodi in 1526 and establishment of the Mughal Empire. Key Mughal emperors included Humayun, Akbar, and Aurangzeb. The Mughal Empire was one of the largest and most powerful empires in the world during this period, governing much of the Indian subcontinent and building iconic structures like the Taj Mahal. However, internal conflicts and external pressures eventually contributed to the decline of the Mughal Empire in the early 18th century.
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern-day Iraq. It was the site of the earliest civilizations, with many city-states forming along the fertile river valleys where agriculture flourished. The Sumerians, who lived in the region between the rivers, developed writing, schools, and advanced cultural and technological innovations like irrigation and city planning, making Mesopotamia the cradle of civilization. However, constant warfare between the independent city-states left Sumer vulnerable to conquest by other groups like the Babylonians.
The document provides an overview of early civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It describes the Sumerians as the first people to develop cities and writing (in the form of cuneiform) around 3500 BCE. It then discusses the subsequent Akkadian, Babylonian, Hittite, Assyrian, Chaldean, and Persian empires that arose and fell in Mesopotamia and the surrounding Fertile Crescent region over thousands of years. Key figures that united large parts of the region under their rule include Sargon of Akkad, Hammurabi of Babylon, and Cyrus and Darius of Persia.
Rameses II became pharaoh of Egypt in 1279 BCE. When new pharaohs came to power, neighboring civilizations would test them by sending armies to try and take Egyptian land. Although Rameses II was a poor general, he had great helpers who defended Egypt. Rameses II is remembered for ordering the construction of the huge Abu Simbel temple and for having his name chiseled on monuments across Egypt to boost confidence in his rule, even though Egypt's military strength is what really kept the country safe during his 60-year reign.
The document provides an overview of ancient Sumerian art and civilization. It discusses how the Sumerians established the first cities in Mesopotamia along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers around 3200 BCE. They developed irrigation, writing, and many other innovations that defined early civilization. Sumerian art included monumental architecture like ziggurats, sculptures of gods and worshippers, and the Standard of Ur with intricate mosaic scenes of war and peace. However, the Sumerian civilization declined when they were conquered by the Akkadian Empire in 2350 BCE.
This document provides an overview of early civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt. It discusses key characteristics that were common to both civilizations, including their development along major river valleys, hierarchical social structures, the invention of writing, and polytheistic religious beliefs. Specific details are then given about the history, society, architecture, art, and literature of Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations. Early civilizations in these regions are considered the origin of complex societies in human history.
The document discusses several artifacts from ancient Sumeria including paintings on a box from the Standard of Ur depicting war and peace scenes, a harp sculpture featuring a blue beard and human-headed bulls, statues of the ruler Gudea posing before subjects, votive statues from a temple, a carved alabaster vase that would hold flowers, and a carved scene of a ram climbing a golden tree. It also describes the evolution of temples from platforms to stepped ziggarats and mentions the goddess Inanna and the Uruk Vase depicting her. The artifacts demonstrate the skill of Sumerian craftspeople and provide insights into their religion and culture.
During the Yamato Period from 300-710 AD, the Japanese imperial court began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture, including Confucianism, Chinese writing characters, Buddhist sects, art, architecture, and government structure. Prince Shotoku further adopted Chinese cultural influences and created a new government structure through his 17 Article Constitution in 604 AD. The Heian Period from 794-1156 AD saw the growth of large landed estates, flourishing Chinese arts and literature at court, and the development of elaborate court life, literature like The Pillow Book and Tale of Genji, and a gradual move away from Chinese cultural models. The feudal system in Japan was similar to that in Europe, based on loyalty between l
This document provides an overview of early civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt. It discusses key characteristics that Mesopotamia and Egypt shared, including their development along major river valleys, hierarchical societies, use of irrigation, and the invention of writing. The document then examines the civilizations of Mesopotamia in more depth, covering the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. Important figures and developments are highlighted for each group. Early Egyptian civilization is also briefly outlined.
Mesopotamian architecture was characterized by massive monumental structures like ziggurats and palaces. Ziggurats were large stepped towers built out of mudbricks that served both practical and religious purposes. They dominated cities and symbolized the rule of gods. Some notable ziggurats included those at Uruk, Borsippa, and Ur. Palaces were also grand architectural feats, such as Sargon's palace at Dur-Sharrukin in Assyria and the structures built by Persian kings at Pasargadae and Persepolis, including the Apadana palace and Hall of 100 Columns.
The document summarizes categories and periods of prehistoric art from 40,000 BC to 3000 BC, including the Upper Paleolithic period, Mesolithic period, and Neolithic period. It then focuses on art from the Upper Paleolithic period, describing cave paintings found at sites like Lascaux Cave in France from around 17,000-15,000 BC depicting animals like bulls, deer, and horses. The techniques used included paint made from ochre applied with brushes or blown through tubes, and the art displayed skills like modeling anatomy and proportions. Scholars have proposed meanings for the cave art like linked to hunting magic, fertility, or seasonal notations.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Church of St. Denis, including that it was the first architectural experiment in Gothic style features like ribbed vaults, long stained glass windows, and triforium. It introduced these elements that became standard in later Gothic cathedrals. The design was conceived by Abbot Suger to harness the mystical qualities of light using these techniques.
The Medieval Tapestry of the Lady and Unicorn was designed in 15th century Paris and woven in Brussels for a French nobleman. It is comprised of six sections representing the five senses and love, and is displayed in Paris. The tapestry depicting taste shows a noble lady with a unicorn and lion attending, holding a parakeet and dipping her hand in a candy dish, representing that sense. The tapestries had both secular and religious meaning, and the noble lady represents virtues like virginity through symbols like the parakeet.
The document discusses three futuristic stories. The Veldt is about a house with a virtual reality nursery that the children use to kill their parents by locking them in an African setting with lions. The document also briefly mentions the story provides a futuristic outlook on Hiroshima. Finally, it expresses an expectation that Fahrenheit 451 will be a mind-blowing futuristic tale.
The tapestry depicts scenes representing the five senses and contains religious symbolism. It was commissioned by Jean Le Viste to emphasize his nobility and status. One scene shows a lady holding a mirror with a unicorn's reflection, representing the sense of sight. The unicorn placing its paws on the lady's lap is thought to reference the Pieta scene. Another detail shows a lamb, representing the "Lamb of God." The scene for taste shows the lady holding a candy dish and parakeet, with the bird possibly symbolizing watchfulness.
El documento habla sobre varios temas que le gustan a Ricardo, incluyendo la naturaleza, las materias escolares, los animales que conoce, y los computadores. Expresa que todas estas cosas son bonitas y que le gustan.
This document provides a list of over 30 notable artworks and architectural structures from ancient civilizations including Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, and Byzantium. The list includes sculptures, paintings, and buildings ranging in date from prehistoric to medieval periods, with examples of portraiture, architecture, mythology, and religious iconography.
This document contains images and references to important prehistoric art and structures from across Europe, including mammoth-bone houses in Ukraine, Paleolithic figurines like the Lion-Man and Venus of Willendorf, cave paintings from Chauvet Cave and Pech-Merle Cave in France, Altamira Cave in Spain, and Newgrange passage tomb and Stonehenge in the United Kingdom, as well as megalithic sites like Carnac in Brittany and the Ring of Brodgar in Scotland.
Constantine the Great initiated major changes when he recognized Christianity as the official Roman religion in the 4th century AD. This included moving away from the naturalistic classical style toward a more symbolic style. Figures under Constantine lost individuality and detail, appearing militaristic with crude carving. In contrast, art from the reign of Augustus in the 1st century AD featured natural poses, spatial depth, and shading to depict volume. Mosaics from the Byzantine period after Constantine further developed this symbolic style with gold backgrounds, frontal figures lacking weight, and emphasis on hierarchy and symmetry rather than naturalism.
This document discusses key elements and interpretations from the film "Noah". It summarizes the film's portrayal of the Watchers/Nephilim as fallen angels who help Noah, diverging from the biblical account. It also notes the film includes Tubal-Cain and depicts the flood waters coming from underground geysers and the sky, aligning with Genesis. The document analyzes various artistic and biblical references to the flood story and debates the accuracy of some interpretations.
1) The document discusses the concept of contrapposto in classical Greek and Roman art as well as Michelangelo's work. Contrapposto creates a sense of depth and movement through offset positioning of the body.
2) Key examples that demonstrate contrapposto discussed include the Grave Stele of Hegeso, the Polykleitos' Spearbearer, and Michelangelo's prophets and sibyls in the Sistine Chapel.
3) Michelangelo was deeply influenced by classical concepts of contrapposto that he studied through Roman sculptures despite never seeing the Riace Bronzes himself. His works epitomized the extreme counter-movement possible with
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern Iraq, Turkey, and Syria. It was the site of some of the earliest civilizations, where writing, cities, laws, agriculture, and other early advances were developed. Over thousands of years, various groups including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, and Babylonians dominated the region. Mesopotamian art evolved from early sculpting and painting by the Sumerians to the monumental stone reliefs depicting royal power and conquest under later empires like Assyria and Babylon.
This document provides an overview of artworks and history from the Ancient Near East, including Mesopotamia, Akkad, Assyria, Babylonia, and Persia. It describes important works like the White Temple at Uruk, statues of Gudea and Naram-Sin, the Law Code of Hammurabi, and Lamassu figures. The document also summarizes the Epic of Gilgamesh and the predominant religions, noting the importance of gods like Anu, Enlil, Ishtar and the practice of henotheism. Major time periods covered include the Sumerian, Akkadian, Neo-Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Ne
The document provides details about the Assyrian Empire, including its origins, expansion, military tactics, and eventual decline. It describes how the Assyrians used innovative military strategies and technology to build a vast empire through conquest between 850 BC and 612 BC. However, the empire rapidly collapsed after neighboring countries like Babylon, Chaldea and the Medes united and attacked the Assyrians, destroying the once powerful military force and bringing an end to the Assyrian rule.
The document provides information on the Assyrian civilization including:
- Assyria began as a small trading community in Mesopotamia centered around the city of Ashur and grew to become a powerful empire.
- The Assyrian Empire is divided into three periods - the Old Kingdom, Middle Empire, and Late Empire (Neo-Assyrian Empire).
- The Assyrians were known for their formidable army and ruthless warfare tactics, using iron weapons, chariots, and advanced siege equipment to conquer neighboring lands.
Assyria began as a small trading community in northern Mesopotamia centered around the city of Ashur. Over time, it grew into a powerful empire that came to dominate the Near East between 900-600 BCE. The Assyrian Empire was built on a strong professional army that utilized advanced weapons like iron and innovative siege tactics. Notable Assyrian kings include Tiglath-Pileser III, Sargon II, and Sennacherib who expanded the empire through ruthless military campaigns. Major Assyrian cities included Ashur, the original capital, and Nineveh, home to the royal palaces and a famous library containing cuneiform tablets documenting Mesopotamian civilization. The Assy
The document provides an overview of art and architecture in the ancient Near East from the Neolithic period through the Persian empire. It discusses the cultural changes that occurred with the Neolithic Revolution in Mesopotamia, including the development of cities, writing, and epics like the Epic of Gilgamesh. It then summarizes Minoan and Mycenaean cultures, including significant archaeological sites. Artworks mentioned include cylinder seals, votive statues, the Standard of Ur, and reliefs from Persepolis. The document poses discussion questions about rulers using art to celebrate accomplishments and the lasting influences of Sumerian and Persian cultures.
The document provides an overview of art and architecture in the ancient Near East from the Neolithic period through the Persian and Sassanian eras. It discusses the rise of cities and writing in Sumer, as well as Sumerian religion, society, and art forms like cylinder seals, statues, and the Standard of Ur. It then covers later Mesopotamian civilizations like Akkadia, Babylon, Assyria, and the Hittites. Architecture is discussed, such as ziggurats, temples, and fortifications. Art forms presented include sculpture, seals, reliefs, and paintings. The document concludes with the Persian Empire's Persepolis complex and Sassanian art featuring
The document summarizes the history of several ancient civilizations in the Near East, including the Assyrians, Phoenicians, and Persians. The Assyrians emerged as a powerful empire beginning in 900 BC, conquering much of the region through military strength and brutality. They were later conquered when their enemies united against them. The Phoenicians were skilled seafarers and traders who spread commerce and their alphabet. The Persians rose to power in the 6th century BC under Cyrus the Great and created a large empire through conquest, adopting a policy of tolerating local customs.
The Assyrian Empire rose to power through effective military tactics that allowed it to expand and protect itself as it grew. When ruled strongly, the empire thrived and conquered much of the Middle East, but internal weaknesses and external enemies eventually led to its decline. By the 7th century BC, a combined attack by the Medes and Chaldeans defeated the Assyrians and destroyed their capital of Nineveh, ending the once mighty empire.
assyria global- pd2 Michelle Tan, Sarah Lo and Anastasia Snegireva guest582e969
The Assyrians lived in northern Mesopotamia along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. They developed a powerful empire between 850-650 BC that conquered surrounding regions through their highly advanced military forces. However, their ruthless tactics made them many enemies, and the Assyrian Empire fell in 612 BC when surrounding peoples united and sacked their capital of Nineveh. Afterward, the Neo-Babylonian Empire rose to power in the region.
The Assyrians lived in northern Mesopotamia along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. They developed a powerful empire between 850-650 BC that conquered surrounding regions through their highly advanced military forces. However, their ruthless tactics made them many enemies, and in 612 BC their empire fell when surrounding peoples united and sacked the Assyrian cities.
Assyria Abigail, Cassidy, Xiao Xiao, Fannie Period 1broadwaybaybee94
The Assyrian Empire rose to power through its highly skilled and aggressive army. Kings like Ashurnasipal II and Sennacherib expanded the empire through brutal military conquests, deporting resistant populations. At its height, the empire stretched across Mesopotamia and Levant. However, the Assyrians' harsh rule also contributed to internal unrest and eventual rebellion, leading to the sacking of Nineveh in 612 BC and the fall of the empire.
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The document summarizes key works of ancient art from the Paleolithic era through the Persian empire, including their origins, materials, styles, and symbolic meanings. It describes the Woman of Willendorf as a Paleolithic fertility figure; the Hall of Bulls paintings at Lascaux for their contour lines and most animals being depicted alive; and Stonehenge for its stone circles erected during different building phases related to solstices. It continues summarizing works from Mesopotamia like the Ziggurat of Ur, Uruk Vase depicting rituals, and votive figures; and from the Assyrian and Babylonian empires like the Lamassu guardian figures and Ishtar Gate's gl
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This document contains summaries and images of various ancient coins from the collector's cabinet. It discusses coins from places including Persia, Phoenicia, Thrace, Greece, Rome, Gaul, Britain, and the Danube region. For example, it describes a silver Siglos coin from Persia dated 486-450 BCE that depicts the Great King kneeling with a bow and spear. It also provides background information on the rulers and places depicted on the coins.
The document provides information about ancient Near Eastern empires including the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, and Neo-Assyrian empires. It discusses important Assyrian rulers such as Tiglath-Pileser III, Sargon II, Sennacherib, and Esarhaddon and their interactions with Israel and Judah. It also references biblical passages that recount these empires and rulers.
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1. A Passion for Historical Detail
In the next slide we will begin
with an example from the
Akkadian Culture
c. 2300 - 2100 BC
2. The Victory Stele of
Naramsin
Read about this in your text.
Even though this is Akkadian –
an earlier culture than
Assyrian, we can see that it
depicts certain stylistic
characteristics that continue in
Mesopotamian art for centuries
and are similar to Egyptian
style as well. Please note:
Pose for the King at left --
frontal chest but the rest of the
body in profile. (Same as
Egyptian) This shows the
power and correct side “right
side” of the ruler.
Symbols of Authority and
Kingship – Larger Scale. Wears
the horned crown typical of
several cultures in
Mesopotamia.
Directional Symbols – Upward
motion of Kings soldiers at
left, downward motion of
enemy.
3. The Passion for Detail
of Mesopotamian Art
This is a detail of the center
section of the relief.
Please Note:
Above – Here we see the
head and chest of the enemy
the King has stepped on. His
leg is under the other fallen
captive.
Second Figure – He falls
limply to his death, but yet to
symbolically give the King
respect, he still looks to him.
Also note the attention to
anatomy, although the figure
does not have the idealized
musculature reserved for
only royalty.
Nakedness - Symbolic of
death. We will see this
convention even in Medieval
reliefs.
4. The Passion for Detail
in Mesopotamian art.
What similarities and/ or
differences do you note in
this style to Egyptian art
such as in the Palette of King
Narmer or Menes?
Answer on the discussion
board.
5. The Passion for Detail
in Mesopotamian Art. Assyrian Culture
Assyrian Art c. 1300 – 612 BC
The Assyrians continued
this same interest in detail
and brought it to an even
higher level. Primarily
they are known for their
historical battle scenes.
These lined the palace
courtyards at cities like
ancient Khorsabad,
Nimrud, and Nineveh.
Their main function was
to impress dignitaries and
visitors with the might
and heroism of their
Empire, which lasted
longer than any other in
the region—for approx.
600 years.
6. Reliefs from the
Can you see how Assyrian Relief Art is more
Palace at Nimrud – 9th
Perceptual than Egyptian?
Century
Through Cuneiform inscriptions
(not seen here) the Assyrians note
exactly which battle is depicted
here. It is their conquest over
the city of Lachish in Judah or
modern Israel, as recorded in
Isaiah and Ezra.
Note the same stylistic
elements as seen in the
Naram sin Relief:
1. Falling enemy – especially
in the center—the figure
appears to be diving
downward, and also at left, we
see just the legs of another.
3. A change in style and
proportion due to class or
culture. Note there is more
movement and liveliness of
detail in the enemy than in the
soldiers.
2. Symbolic Directional
Motion.
3. Bulging Muscle Definition.
What other details do you see?
Two wrestlers?
7. Details of the Conquest of the City of Lachish by
Assyrian Passion for King Sennacherib (704-681 BC).
Historical Detail
What details regarding
the Assyrian capture of
the city of Lachish do you
see?
A battering ram?
Weapons, ladders, boulders
?
Soldiers carrying the spoils
of war?
Go to this web site for
more images and views of
Assyrian art:
http://www.britishmuseu
m.org/explore/galleries/m
iddle_east/room_10b_ass
yria_siege_of_la.aspx
8. Relief from the Palace of Sennacherib at
Assyrian Passion for Nineveh.
Historical Detail
Following is a quote from the
British Museum on this piece.
“This fragment shows a Phoenician
ship. 'Phoenician' is the Greek name
given to the inhabitants of
Canaanite cities along the Levant
coast. They were an extremely
wealthy people, profiting from the
trade that linked Mesopotamia and
Egypt and the Mediterranean. The
Assyrians expanded westwards to
control these trade routes and
acquire the wealth of the cities
through tribute, booty and
taxation. The demand by the
Assyrians for materials led the
Phoenicians to explore the
Mediterranean and establish
trading colonies at such places as
Sicily, Carthage in North
Africa, and Spain.”
Notice the men in the ships with
the oars out into the water
represented by wavy lines. We
will see an Aegean scene in Ch. 5
of your text a little similar to
this.
9. There are many images of the King and his court fighting lions. Below is
one from your text from the capital of the Assyrian Empire at Nineveh.
Study the Style in your text.
10. Assyrian
Perceptualism
Note the detail and a
tendency toward violence,
as the lion is being stabbed
through by the sword of the
King Assurnazirpal.
See also, one arrow at his
head, while others are flying
across the body.
Using Higher Relief and No
Overlapping As Status:
Notice, at no point is the
King’s body overlapped by
the lion. Similar to the
Egyptians, overlapping and
spatial prominence is used
as a status or power symbol.
11. Assyrian King hunting
The Lion Hunt Theme is used at Nimrud and also
Lions
at the Assyrian Capitol of Nineveh.
Nineveh – 7th century BC
Why such an extreme
interest in Lions in Assyrian
culture?
This is a loaded question, but
here are some theories:
1. It was strictly
propaganda, to show the King’s
heroic strength and power.
2. The lion was a danger to the
area, thus, the reliefs showed
the King as protector of the
people. Once again the King
3. According to biblical rides ON the
accounts, following the horse, but is still
depicted in FRONT
conquest of Samaria, lions had of the horse---only
been used by God for his left leg is
destruction over the idol- overlapped.
worshipping, transplanted
people . They had killed many
, and had also proliferated and
become a greater threat.
(See 2 Kings 17:24-26)
12. Assyrian Passion for
Detail and
Perceptualism
Study this one
in your text.
It is from the
Palace of
Assurnabanipal,
at Nimrud.
13. A Carved Ivory inset with Assyrian Perceptualism and Drama
Lapis Lazuli and some
gold from Nimrud.
Can you see how this lion is
really attacking a Nubian
slave?
Their bodies are
intertwined showing good
observation by the Assyrian
artist , especially of the
muscles of the Nubian.