This document contains answers for a set of questions related to anatomy and physiology. It includes answers ranging from identification of components, definitions, comparisons of anatomical structures and their features, and short explanations. Key points addressed include the composition of artificial lenses, parts of the eye, measurements related to vision, eye muscles, conditions affecting perception, retinal layers, eye measurements and angles, components of UV rays, and more.

1. ANSWERS FOR SET 9
1.d
Each component of letter subtends an angle of 1’ of arc.
2. c
Vertical palpebral aperture: 8-9mm
3. b
4. a
5. d
Artificial lenses are made of inert (or non-reactive) materials, such as PMMA, silicone, and acrylic.
6. c
7. b
Thickest wall: lateral wall
8. d
Pars plana & pars plicata are the part of ciliary body.
Ora serrata is a part of retina.
9. b
Hemianopia: half field of vision
10. c
Hyphema: blood in AC
Hypotony: intraocular pressure (IOP) of 5 mm Hg or less.
11. d
Light is refracted from anterior & posterior part of cornea & lens.
12. c
13. d
Dioptric: image formed by refraction
Catadioptric: image formed by reflection & refraction.
14. d
15. a

2. Symblepharon: Adhesion of lid to globe
Lagophthalmos: incomplete closure of lid
16. c
17. c
No. Of cones: 7 million
No. of rods: 125 million
18. d
Sphincter pupillae & dilator pupillae are the muscles of iris.
19. c
Micropsia: condition affecting human visual perception in which objects are perceived to be smaller
than they actually are.
20. a
21. d
SR: farthest from limbus
22. b
Cornea is an avascular structure.
23. c
Manifest deviation: tropia
24. c
The ultraviolet (UV) rays produce UV radiation, which has three main components: ultraviolet A (UVA),
ultraviolet B (UVB) and ultraviolet C (UVC).
25. b
26. b
Adult orbit is 45˚.
27. c
Bruch’s membrane separates choriocapillaries from RPE. It is important for blood retinal barrier
function.
28. b
29. b
No. Of cones: 7 million

3. No. of rods: 125 million
30. b
31. b
Palpebral conjunctiva: coats the eyelids
32. c
33. a
34. d
Accessory lacrimal glands: glands of Krause, glands of wollfring
35. d
36. d
α,β,γ-crystallins are water soluble proteins.
37. d
38. c
Visual acuity: ability to discern the shapes and details of the things you see.
39. a
40. c
Fluconazole: antifungals
Cocaine: mydriatics & anaesthetics
Adrenaline: mydriatica
41. b
Resultant= √𝑝2 + 2𝑃𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑄2
F= √𝐹2 + 2𝐹. 𝐹𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝐹2
F2
= 2F2
+2F2
cos𝜃
-F2
= 2F2
cos𝜃
-1/2= cos𝜃
Cos120˚= cos𝜃
𝜃=120˚
42. d

4. R=
𝑢2sin2𝜃
𝑔
H=
𝑢2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
2𝑔
𝐼
𝐼𝐼
=
𝑅
𝐻
=
𝑢2sin2𝜃.𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑔
*
2𝑔
𝑢2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
= 4cos𝜃/sin𝜃= 4cot𝜃
R= 4Hcot𝜃
According to question,
R=H
H=4Hcot𝜃
1/cot𝜃=4
𝜃= tan-1
(4)
43. c
According to equation of continuity,
M/t= constant
𝜌*A*l/t= constant
AV= constant
V∝
1
𝐴
∝
1
𝑟2 ∝
1
𝑑2
𝑉1
𝑉2
=(
𝑑2
𝑑1
)2
=(10/20)2
=1/4
5/V2=1/4
V2= 20cm/s
44. d
45. b
For fast cooking, material should have high conductivity and should have low specific heat. Material with
low specific heat gains heat quickly & also loses heat quickly.
46. a
47. c
µ∝
1
𝑉
∝
1
𝜆
f=(µ-1)A

5. for violet, λ=minimum so, µ is maximum which results in maximum deviation.
48. b
49. d
50. a
F= qvBsin𝜃
= 1.6*10-19
*5*106
*5*10-2
*sin90
= 8*10-15
*5*1
= 4*10-14
N
51. c
𝜌= m/v
𝜌= 1gm/cm3
=1gm/ml
So, if V= 1l= 1000ml, m= 1000gm
18 gm contain NA
100gm contains 1000/18 NA= 55.55NA.
52. a
53. b

6. HPO4
-
is base for it to have conjugate acid. So, HPO4
2-
+H+
=H2PO4
-
.
54. d
Temperature coefficient(µ) is 2-3
By the question, µ=2
So, increase in reaction rate= µ
𝑇2−𝑇1
10
= µ
100−10
10
= 29
= 512
55. a
56. d
1% solution of phenol: disinfectant
5% phenol: carbolic acid
0.1% phenol: antiseptic
57. c
58. b
Halogen gives an electron to form ions as done by hydrogen from duplet stabilization.
Cl+e-
Cl-
H+e-
H-
59. c
Hg is only metal that exits in liquid state.
60. b

7. Absorption of hydrogen b Pd is occlusion.
Colloidal Pd>crystallinePd>Pt>Au>Ni>Fe
Reduction: gain of electrons
61. d
Cuttle fish: cephalopoda
Star fish: Echinodermata
Silver fish: arthopoda
Jelly fish: coelenterates
62. a
Transitional epithelium is found in places which require maximum contraction.
3U: Urinary bladder, Ureter, Urethra
63. a
Cochlea helps in hearing.
Vestibule is static equilibrium & semi-circular canals in dynamic equilibrium.
64. c
Male genital aperture is the opening of common male duct & it lies in 18th
segment.
65. b
Telotaxis: animal moves toward only one stimulus although there are two stimulated stimulus
66. c
Frog: 4 letters: 4-1= 3 lobes
Human: 5 letters: 5-1= 4 lobes
Rabbit: 6 letters: 6-1= 5 lobes
67. d
Reflex is rapid, automatic involuntary actions.
68. a
Stapes is one of the ear ossicles & is the smallest bone.
Human has altogether 213 bones in child & 206 in adults.
69. c

8. ADH promotes absorption of water from glomerular filtrate. So, its Hyposecretion causes diabetes
insipidus.
Β-cells secrete insulin & its Hyposecretion causes diabetes mellitus.
70. d
Maximum changes in metamorphosis is seen in respiratory system & minimum changes in nervous
system.
71. a
Cuscuta is total stem parasite.
72. b
Herpentology: study of reptiles
Phycology: study of algae
73. d
For the beginning of food chain, there must be producer.
74. b
Geitenogamy is the pollination between the different flowers of same plant. So, genetically self &
ecologically cross pollination.
75. c
76. a
Monerans are prokaryotes. So, it is primitive in nature.
77. c
ATP required in glycolysis is 2 & ATP generated is 4. So,
Net gain= 4-2= 2ATP
78. b
Monocots don’t have secondary growth except DAY plants.
D= Dracaena
A= Agave
Y= Yucca
79. a
No. of base pairs in one helix is 10 & length of one helix is 34˚A. so, distance between two adjacent
nitrogen bases of DNA is: 34/10 ˚A= 3.4 ˚A.

9. Diameter of DNA is 20 ˚A.
80. d
Centriole is associated with cell division but it never initiate cell division.
81. d
restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition
sites within the molecule known as restriction sites.
82. d
The mineralised matrix of bone tissue has an organic component of mainly collagen called ossein and an
inorganic component of bone mineral made up of various salts.
83. a
Relaxin is produced by the ovary during the menstrual cycle is stimulated by luteinizing hormone from
the pituitary gland, and that its release during pregnancy is also stimulated by human chorionic
gonadotrophin from the placenta.
84. a
85. b
Vinegar is a food product made by acetic acid bacteria that can ferment the alcohol in alcoholic liquids
to acetic acid.
86. c
Iron: anaemia
Iodine: goiter
87. c
AB+
: universal acceptor
88. a
89. c
90. d
91. a
Camphor: poorly soluble in water
Sulphur: water inoluble
92. c
93. b

10. Coulmb: electric charge
94. b
Osmosis: process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane
from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.
Efflorescence: migration of a salt to the surface of a porous material, where it forms a coating.
Desiccation: state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying.
95. b
Cervix cancer: human papillomavirus (HPV)
Liver cancer: Streptococcus pneumoniae
96. a
97. c
98. b
99. b
100. d
The photosynthesis process release oxygen as waste products.