The document provides information about source-based questions (SBQs) and the skills needed to answer them, including inference, comparison, reliability, usefulness, and inference with purpose. It discusses the basic skills of making inferences from sources, such as locating meaning behind words and expressing meanings in own words. It provides examples of how to answer different types of SBQs, including inference questions using a three-step process of infer, support, explain; comparison questions focusing on similarities and differences; reliability questions checking if a source is trustworthy; and usefulness questions evaluating how useful a source is. The document is an instructional guide for students on the various source-based question skills and formats tested in exams.
This presentation will guide you through the steps needed to answer the Reliability question type in the SBQ section of your exam. I've borrowed the SURE acronym from the library campaign to help you to remember the answer structure for reliability questions.
This is Mr Cheong's consolidated list of SBQ skills. Remember: the structure itself is not important! It is far more vital for you to understand what the question is asking for and to include the relevant info. My structures should serve as a checklist for you as you answer the SBQ questions.
This is a simple powerpoint presentation meant to be used as a revision tool or for the purpose of self-learning. This covers the different techniques of answering SBQ questions and how to identify and recognise what type of question it is and which asnwering technique to use.
Social Studies Chapter 1 - CitizenshipGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 1: Citizenship to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. 4 ways to become a Singaporean [Slide 4]
2. Advantages of joining Singapore Society [Slide 26]
3. Disadvantages of joining Singapore Society [Slide 50]
Part 1 Video Citizenship
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHvaEBoCG70&ab_channel=MrGohBR
Part 2 Video Advantages of Citizenship
https://youtu.be/Cdp-0krqL14
Any feedback is welcome.
Social Studies Chapter 2.1 Challenges in Deciding What is Good for SocietyGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 2.1: Challenges in Deciding What is Good for Society to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. Differing Needs and Interests [Slide 5]
2. Differing Priorities [Slide 14]
3. Unequal Sharing of Costs [Slide 21]
Any feedback is welcome.
This presentation will guide you through the steps needed to answer the Reliability question type in the SBQ section of your exam. I've borrowed the SURE acronym from the library campaign to help you to remember the answer structure for reliability questions.
This is Mr Cheong's consolidated list of SBQ skills. Remember: the structure itself is not important! It is far more vital for you to understand what the question is asking for and to include the relevant info. My structures should serve as a checklist for you as you answer the SBQ questions.
This is a simple powerpoint presentation meant to be used as a revision tool or for the purpose of self-learning. This covers the different techniques of answering SBQ questions and how to identify and recognise what type of question it is and which asnwering technique to use.
Social Studies Chapter 1 - CitizenshipGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 1: Citizenship to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. 4 ways to become a Singaporean [Slide 4]
2. Advantages of joining Singapore Society [Slide 26]
3. Disadvantages of joining Singapore Society [Slide 50]
Part 1 Video Citizenship
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DHvaEBoCG70&ab_channel=MrGohBR
Part 2 Video Advantages of Citizenship
https://youtu.be/Cdp-0krqL14
Any feedback is welcome.
Social Studies Chapter 2.1 Challenges in Deciding What is Good for SocietyGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 2.1: Challenges in Deciding What is Good for Society to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 4 areas.
1. Differing Needs and Interests [Slide 5]
2. Differing Priorities [Slide 14]
3. Unequal Sharing of Costs [Slide 21]
Any feedback is welcome.
This is a follow-up to the previous exam guide for Social Studies Exam, titled How To Tackle SBQ, which I had created for students to use as a revision tool, in place of myself. It is tailored to meet my students' needs, to help them build their confidence and level of preparedness for the exam.
Social Studies Chapter 7 How Can We Respond in a Diverse SocietyGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 7: How Can We Respond in a Diverse Society under Issue 2: Living in a Diverse Society to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 2 areas.
Management and Impact of Socio-cultural Diversity
1. Assimilation [Slide 14]
2. Integration [Slide 37]
Management and Impact of Socio-economic Diversity
1. Market-based Approach (USA) [Slide 83]
2. Shared Responsibility Approach (Singapore) [Slide 89]
3. Government-financed Approach (Sweden) [Slide 105]
You can also watch the flipped video below.
https://youtu.be/uhOpuIVkRhw
Any feedback is welcome.
Chapter 2 Governance In Singapore Social Studies NotesJohn Jon
This is my self compiled notes of Chapter 2 : Governance in Singapore of the Upper Secondary Social Studies Textbook. I hope my notes will benefit you.
Social Studies Chapter 6 What are the Experiences and Effects of Living in a ...Goh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 6: What are the Experiences and Effects of Living in a Diverse Society under Issue 2: Living in a Diverse Society to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 3 areas.
1. Interactions in a Diverse Society [Slide 4]
2. Exchanges and Appreciation in a Diverse Society [Slide 19]
3. Challenges in a Diverse Society [Slide 30]
Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkKkx3MDoeM&ab_channel=MrGohBR
Any feedback is welcome.
Social Studies Chapter 5 Why is there Greater Diversity in Singapore NowGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 5: Why is there Greater Diversity in Singapore Now under Issue 2: Living in a Diverse Society to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 3 areas.
1. Immigration Policy [Slide 4]
2. Economic Opportunities [Slide 24]
3. Socio-cultural Environment [Slide 47]
Video
Part 1
https://youtu.be/noEFxIBPNrU
Part 2
https://youtu.be/Vp2SSDIdYro
Any feedback is welcome.
This is a follow-up to the previous exam guide for Social Studies Exam, titled How To Tackle SBQ, which I had created for students to use as a revision tool, in place of myself. It is tailored to meet my students' needs, to help them build their confidence and level of preparedness for the exam.
Social Studies Chapter 7 How Can We Respond in a Diverse SocietyGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 7: How Can We Respond in a Diverse Society under Issue 2: Living in a Diverse Society to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 2 areas.
Management and Impact of Socio-cultural Diversity
1. Assimilation [Slide 14]
2. Integration [Slide 37]
Management and Impact of Socio-economic Diversity
1. Market-based Approach (USA) [Slide 83]
2. Shared Responsibility Approach (Singapore) [Slide 89]
3. Government-financed Approach (Sweden) [Slide 105]
You can also watch the flipped video below.
https://youtu.be/uhOpuIVkRhw
Any feedback is welcome.
Chapter 2 Governance In Singapore Social Studies NotesJohn Jon
This is my self compiled notes of Chapter 2 : Governance in Singapore of the Upper Secondary Social Studies Textbook. I hope my notes will benefit you.
Social Studies Chapter 6 What are the Experiences and Effects of Living in a ...Goh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 6: What are the Experiences and Effects of Living in a Diverse Society under Issue 2: Living in a Diverse Society to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 3 areas.
1. Interactions in a Diverse Society [Slide 4]
2. Exchanges and Appreciation in a Diverse Society [Slide 19]
3. Challenges in a Diverse Society [Slide 30]
Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkKkx3MDoeM&ab_channel=MrGohBR
Any feedback is welcome.
Social Studies Chapter 5 Why is there Greater Diversity in Singapore NowGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
These slides introduce Chapter 5: Why is there Greater Diversity in Singapore Now under Issue 2: Living in a Diverse Society to the Secondary 3 students who are studying Social Studies for the Singapore current syllabus 2016.
These slides are divided into 3 areas.
1. Immigration Policy [Slide 4]
2. Economic Opportunities [Slide 24]
3. Socio-cultural Environment [Slide 47]
Video
Part 1
https://youtu.be/noEFxIBPNrU
Part 2
https://youtu.be/Vp2SSDIdYro
Any feedback is welcome.
This illustrated lesson provides students with many illustrations, hyperlinked articles, and essential questions that can be used by students to create their own PowerPoint project about poverty.
This lesson provides students with the illustrations, hyperlinked articles, and essential questions to design and create their own PowerPoint on the topic of poverty.
Annotated Literature Review and Supporting DataThe topic for thi.docxdurantheseldine
Annotated Literature Review and Supporting Data
The topic for this assignment is on Employment as a Social Issue on Immigrants
Note: This assignment asks you to locate, read, and summarize ten sources. This takes time. Do not wait until the last minute to complete this assignment!
Using the form below, search for sources that provide data and information on the social problem ON EMPLOYMENT AS A SOCIAL ISSUE ON IMMIGRANTS.This will require you to use various sources that are relevant to the problem’s origin and evolution, as well as possible recommendations to address or solve the problem. Not all social problems can be solved, but some can be improved to achieve more positive outcomes. You will need to identify and state which of these—solution or improved outcomes—is a possibility for the social problem you have selected to explore.
Specific types of sources are important to the social sciences. The journal Social Problems is a good source for your review. Sources that are important in social science research are those presenting empirically based qualitative and quantitative data (information).
Sources for Qualitative Data—(verbal, observational)
· Ethnographies (research conducted by social scientists using observation and personal interview)
· News accounts by nonpartisan, print, television, radio, and Internet-based journalists. Acceptable media sources include national “flagship” newspapers such as the New York Times, Washington Post,USA Today,as well as electronic media such as National Public Radio (NPR), and Public Broadcast Networks (PBS). The hard news of local newspapers can also be cited.
· It is important to note that some of these media outlets often have a political leaning that may color how news stories are reported. It is important to be mindful not only of what is being said, but of what is NOT being said. Opinion and editorials in all newspapers should be avoided because they can be based on opinion rather than empiricism (objective research).
Sources for Quantitative Data—(numbers, percentages, statistics)
Reports by analytical organizations provide analysis of quantitative data from surveys and administrative records relevant to a variety of social problems. Some examples:
· The Pew Research Center (survey research on social issues, political issues, economic/financial issues)
· The American Economic Institute (analysis of economic and consumer issues)
· Child Trends Foundation (child and family welfare in the United States)
· The Annie E. Casey Foundation (child and family welfare in the United States)
· The Administration for Children and Families (US Dept. of Health and Human Services)
· The Bureau of Labor Statistics (US employment and unemployment)
· The Bureau of Justice Statistics and the Office of Justice and Juvenile Delinquency Prevention (adult offending and arrests, juvenile offending, prison populations)
· The Sentencing Project (US criminal sentences/death penalty)
· The Urban Institute (social and economi.
Outline & Research Design RoadmapThis exercise will help you bui.docxalfred4lewis58146
Outline & Research Design Roadmap
This exercise will help you build off the existing literature you documented in the annotated bibliography and develop a plan for your own research project. Bring this completed document with you to your one on one meeting with Dr. Stevenson or Dr. Delshad on September 30th. Please type your information into this document and print it off.
Student Name:
Research Question:
1) Dependent variable:
A) What is your dependent variable? If you have more than one discuss all dependent variables in you analysis.
B) How have previous researchers measured this variable based on your review of the literature?
C) How will you measure this variable for your study?
D) From where will you obtain the data necessary to measure the variable?
2) Independent variables:
A) What schools of thought did you identity in your annotated bibliography?
B) What independent variables are the key focuses of each of these schools of thought?
C) How do previous researchers measure these variables?
D) How will you measure these variables for your study?
E) From where will you obtain the data necessary to measure the variables?
F) Are there any independent variables you plan to include in your study that are not covered in the current schools of thought listed on your annotated bibliography?
a. If so, seek out information about these variables to incorporate into your literature review, and explain:
i. How do previous researchers measure these variables?
ii. How will you measure these variables for your study?
iii. From where will you obtain the data necessary to measure the variables?
3) What if any major challenges are you having with your research project that you need help with?
PSC 401 – Student Presentation Rubric
1
2
3
4
Mean
Organization
Audience cannot understand presentation because of poor organization; introduction is undeveloped or irrelevant; main points and conclusion are unclear;
Audience has difficulty following presentation because of some abrupt jumps; some of the main points are unclear or not sufficient stressed;
Satisfactory organization; clear introduction; main points are well stated, even if some transitions are somewhat sudden; clear conclusion;
Superb organization; clear introduction; main points well stated and argued, with each leading to the next point of the talk; clear summary and conclusion.
Mechanics
(PowerPoint or other supporting materials)
Slides seem to have been cut-and pasted together haphazardly at the last minute; numerous mistakes; speaker not always sure what is coming next;
Boring slides; no glaring mistakes but no real effort made into creating truly effective slides;
Generally good set of slides; conveys the main points well;
Very creative slides; carefully thought out to bring out both the main points as well as the subtle issues while keeping the audience interested.
Delivery
Mumbles the words, audience members in the back can't hear anything; too many filler words; dist.
Research Proposal Examples
Qualitative Research Proposal Sample
Grant Proposals: A Case Study
Sample Proposal Letter Essay
Sample Grant Proposal Essay
Project Proposal Example
Reserch Proposal Example
Crime Research Proposal
Thesis Proposal Sample
Proposal On Gender Inequality
Investment Proposal Essay example
Research Proposal
Health Care Proposal Essay
Examples Of Irony In A Modest Proposal
Sample Research Proposal on Methodology
Project Proposal Essay
Sample Thesis Proposal
Example Of A Group Proposal
Collaboration Proposal Sample
Even the most talented researcher knows that talk is cheap. While one-on-one, in person communication plays a critical role in securing major investments, in virtually every case commitments cannot be secured until a thoughtfully written proposal is presented.
Seasoned fundraising and communications practitioner John Greenhoe will share tips and shortcuts for “kick-starting” your proposal writing and also provide templates that can be referred to every time a written proposal is needed.
Bmc english language_composition(situational writing)_recountsAdrian Peeris
Students are often asked to write accounts in the course of their young adult lives. The writing of recounts continues to be a major part of the GCE O' Level Examination syllabus and it is timely for us to revisit the structures, formats and language features of this form of text type. This set of slides are aimed at providing students with these skills.
Bmc english language_composition(situational writing)_reflectionsAdrian Peeris
A new syllabus has been introduced for O and N level English Language candidates for the GCE Examinations. This new syllabus has expanded the scope of assessment to include text responses that assess a candidates ability to convey not only their points of view but also their emotions and feelings. This set of slides is designed to provide a form and structure to these candidates to help them craft written responses that help them capture their feelings about a given topic.
Bmc english language_composition(situational writing)(proposals)Adrian Peeris
I hope that O and N level students may find this set of slides accessible when they are revising the structure and content of proposals. Proposal writing is still an integral part of the English Language paper. It is also a skill that would stand one in good stead in the working world.
Bmc hist unit 2.2_rise of japanese_militaristsAdrian Peeris
Just as in Europe, Fascism began to spread its influence in the Asia Pacific region. With a foothold in Japan in the late 20s and 30s - Japan's militarists were able to slowly gain political power in a political system that was losing support due to mishandling of economic and social policies. The new politicians from the far Right had all the solutions as they planned the take over of the political system. Their ultimate goal - to see an Imperial Japan with an Empire that would match those of the Western powers. This lecture dwells into how this group of "ultras" slowly gained influence and power.
Bmc hist unit3.1_(outbreak of war in europe)Adrian Peeris
The war in Europe was a major turning point in 20th Century history. This lecture presentation makes use of existing material on the causes of the war and also helps students analyse some of the considerations that British and French leaders were looking at carefully and which ultimately led them down towards conflict with Hitler.
The formal letter is an important writing task assigned to candidates of the O and N Level English Language examinations. Knowledge of how to craft such letters is also an important life skill for anyone who has to address an issue or matter respectfully and/or authoritatively. The slides in this presentation are aimed at introducing students and interested persons to the structure, language features and format of formal letters as they are currently conceived. It is my hope that these groups of individuals may find the lecture helpful in guiding them in drafting such formal correspondence for the exams or in real life.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
2. What are sources in Source-Based Qns.
Parts of a Source
Source A An interview with the National Development
Minister on preparing Singapore for a larger
population made in 2001
The Concept Plan of 2001, a 10-year blueprint for landuse, may
have to be amended due to events suggesting that the population
had grown faster than expected. Given that the population had
risen to 4.5million in the last six years – mainly from the inflow of
foreigners here to work and study – the 6.5 million figure could be
reached as soon as 20years. With the growing economy, it was
crucial to plan and invest now for the future. Otherwise, precious
business opportunities would be lost if potential investors found
insufficient land and infrastructure for their needs. Our goal is not
just to provide space, but also to enhance our living environment
to the extent that it becomes our competitive advantages in the
attraction of talent and investment.
Provenance: (Heading)
Source content
3. Basic Skills in Source-Based Questions
• Inference means locating meaning behind the words,
images and pictures used in a source.
• Students need to look for meanings from the words in the
source and express these meanings in their own words.
• Making inferences can be applied to all source-based
questions
4. Basic Skill - Revision
• What are the steps used in answering Inference questions
• I_____
• S_____
• E______
• (Infer, support, explain)
5. Inference Questions
Steps What to do Notes
Step 1 Analyse the Question
a. Break up the question into components
- Identify the Question word:
Why, Explain, What does this…
- Identify keywords/Issue
Question words help you to be certain
of what skill is being tested.
Keywords help you to identify the topic
and also to narrow down the inferences
you need to look for.
Step 2 Apply the Basic Skill
a. Infer: Make a point based on what you see or read
a. Support: Quote the evidence from the source.
a. Explain: Elaborate with details on your point (your inference)
Step 3 Write out the answer (in good Eng.)
a. Infer: “The source (Source __) says…
a. Support: “ …this is seen in the source, (quote evidence from the
source)…”
a. Explain: “…this shows that…(give more information about your
inference
(Adapted from Seah ,Josee,Upper Secondary Social Studies Skills Application, Wisemann Publishing, Singapore: 2009, p.11-12)
6. Inference Question Practice
Source A: An interview with the National Development Minister on preparing
Singapore for a larger population of 6.5million
Question: What does this source say about the government’s efforts in land
use planning in Singapore?
The Concept Plan of 2001, a 10-year blueprint for landuse, may have to be amended due to
events suggesting that the population had grown faster than expected. Given that the
population had risen to 4.5million in the last six years – mainly from the inflow of foreigners
here to work and study – the 6.5 million figure could be reached as soon as 20years. With the
growing economy, it was crucial to plan and invest now for the future. Otherwise, precious
business opportunities would be lost if potential investors found insufficient land and
infrastructure for their needs. Our goal is not just to provide space, but also to enhance our
living environment to the extent that it becomes our competitive advantages in the attraction
of talent and investment.
7. Check your answers!
• Check the model answer given to you.
• Was your team able to identify two inferences?
• Was your answer supported with evidence from the source?
8. Comparison Questions
• Type 1: Provide, support & explain similarities only; or
Provide, support & explain differences only
• Possible question words:
• What are the similarities between these 2 sources?
• In what ways are Sources A and B similar?
• How do the 2 sources differ?
• What are the differences between the 2 sources?
9. Comparison Question
• Type 2: Provide, Support & Explain 2 Similarities + 1 Diff
Provide, Support & Explain 2 Differences + 1 Sim
• Possible question words:
• How similar are these 2 sources?
• How different are Sources A and B?
• To what extent are the 2 sources similar?
• How far are these 2 sources different?
• How far does Source A support/differ from Source B?
10. Comparison Question
• Once you know what type of comparison question it
is…the next step is to find a way to “locate” similarities
and/or differences.
• Read the sources – seek meanings of each source that:
• the sources have in common
• make the sources different
• look for POV (point-of-view),
• tone (Negative tone, positive tone etc.)
• Don’t describe the differences!
• Common mistake: A is red in colour and B is blue in colour,
therefore they are different.
• Try: The difference bet. A and B is colour.
11. Comparison Question – Type 1
Template and guiding words
Common factor Support Explain
Both sources differ or
are similar in (state
criteria for comparison)
This is shown in Source
A, “…” However as seen
in Source B, “…”
Source A (Make
explanation linking inference
of Source A to the issue of
the question)
…However, Source B
highlights/comments that
(Make explanation linking
inference of Source B to the
issue of question)
Infer
Source A shows that
(state inference)
…whereas Source B
comments (state
inference)
Repeat Infer, Support and Explain (ISE) for every similarity/difference inference
that has been identified.
12. Comparison Questions
•Conclusion for comparison questions:
• Link similarities/differences back to the
question issue
and;
• Highlight the connection difference or
similarity) with the issue.
13. Comparison Question Practice
Source B: From a letter published in the Straits Times, 22 June 2001
Source B: A letter written on 23 June 2001 to the Straits Times by a
Member of Parliament who was the deputy chairman of the
Government Parliamentary Committee for Health
Shouldn’t healthcare services, which are needed by everyone, be available and affordable to
all, and not just the majority? It might seem unbelievable that many Singaporeans, like my
mother, have no CPF savings of their own, and so cannot use any of the healthcare schemes
like MediSave, Medifund etc. Even for people with CPF savings, the money would quickly be
used up due to high medical costs.
I would agree that healthcare services should be available and affordable to all people. The
needy and the elderly have always been my concern. In Parliament, I have frequently spoken
for better medical care and affordability. Our healthcare system already offers service to the
majority of Singaporeans who have MediSave and Medishield. For those who do not have such
insurance, we have Medifund to pay their bills. Thus nobody is left unprotected.
How similar are sources B and C ?
c
14. Comparison Question – Answer template
Common factor
Common Factor 1 (Similarity)
Common factor 2 (Similarity)
Common factor 3: (Difference – use for Type II Qns only)
Infer Support Explain
Inference No. 1:
Sources A and B show that…
Inference No. 2:
Sources A and B also show that…
Inference No. 3:
However, Sources B and C are also
different
Support for Inference 1
Support for Inference 2
Support for Inference 3
Explanation for Inference 1
Explanation for Inference 2
Explanation for Inference 3
15. Check your answers
• Check the model answers that have just been given to you?
• Were you able to identify at least two similarities?
• Was your team able to know what type of comparison question it is?
16. Reliability Questions
• How would you check if a product or a service you want to
buy is reliable?
• Check for a label or something to show that it is a genuine article.
• Check with Internet reviews on consumer blogs etc.
• Check with friends who have purchased similar types of products
• If these “checks” match what you already know of the
product…then the product is likely to be reliable.
• Students must do the same for sources when checking for
reliability.
17. Reliability Questions
• Checks on reliability can be affected/influenced by these
factors:
• Bias of the author of the source –
• Date the source was recorded –
• Why the source was produced – based on facts or propaganda.
18. Reliability Questions
• Step 1: State the point which makes the source
“reliable” and check if the author of the source
is biased or is it objective.
• Step 2: Cross reference to the other
sources/Background Information either to
i) support the point that the source is reliable
or
ii) Contradict the point that source is reliable
19. Reliability Questions
Source A: A lecturer at the Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta
sharing his views on the success of racial and religious harmony in
Singapore
With a highly urban character and predominantly Chinese population of 77% (Malay 14%,
Indian 8%), Singapore had become South-east Asia’s most thriving entrepreneurial state and a
major regional and global communications centre by the early 1990s. It is highly likely that
because of this economic prosperity, Singaporeans are able to enjoy religious freedom and in
various aspects, pragmatic and tolerant minds can be developed in this multi-racial society.
As such, there can be minimal discrimination as Singaporeans benefit from the country’s
positive economic development regardless of race or religion.
Does Source A prove that there is a strong correlation between racial harmony
and economic development?
20. Reliability Questions
Source B: A view by a sociologist on the importance of racial awareness in a multi-
racial society
Cultures of different races may be unique, but should never be used to segregate the
population of a multi-racial society like Singapore. As a citizen of the country, one should
uphold the national identity and be loyal to the country regardless of race and religion. People
must be aware that the racial and religious harmony the country has established along years of
economic development can be easily destroyed if their mindsets are less tolerant and less
mature. Any form of positive development in the country shall be the efforts ofevery citizen in
maintaining the peace andharmony of society.
21. Reliability Question – Answer Template
Infer Support Explain
Yes, Source A proves that…
(or)
No, Source A does not prove
that…
“…because (State Inference
1):
Inference 2:
Source also proves that (state
the issue) because (State
Inference 2)
As seen from the Source, it
says…
When cross-referenced to
Source B, it (supports or
contradicts what source A is
saying)
This is also seen from the
source when it says…
When cross-referenced to
Source B again, it (supports or
contradicts)
This implies that …
…and that
22. Check Your Answers
• Check the model answers that have just been given to
you?
• Were you able to identify the reliability?
• Was your team able to cross reference to support your answer?
23. Usefulness Questions
• For usefulness questions, students are asked to state
whether a source is useful in helping you understand a
topic or an issue
• Different from reliability.
• Focus is on whether the source guides your
understanding not whether the source is reliable
(trustworthy).
• Approach to developing the answer is similar to reliability
– must cross-reference.
24. Usefulness Question - Practice
Source A – A response by the Free Media Movement (FMM), a Sri Lankan based Non-governmental Organization
working for the welfare of media personnel on the forced eviction of jobless Tamils by the Sri Lankan government
The police claim that they were simply aiding Tamils’ return to their home towns. However; the reports from
residents, owners and staff of lodges, eye witnesses to the expulsion are in complete contrast to these police
accounts. People were forced to leave, even those who were in Colombo for health reasons and were not fit to
travel. The FMM unequivocally decries this action, which we see as a heinous act that grossly undermines
democracy, violates the civic rights of the Tamil community and makes a mockery of this Government’s avowed
commitment to strengthening human rights of all citizens. The Government’s action is the same as ethnic cleansing.
Source B – An appeal by the Communist Party of India’s (CPI) District Secretary R. Shanmugavelu to help the
Tamils in Sri Lanka.
Several thousands of innocent Tamils were killed in the war. Several people came here (India) as refugees and lost
their livelihood. There seems to be no end to the killings by the Sri Lankan Army. The Central government (in India)
should find a solution in the interests of Tamils. India should desist from providing all assistance to Sri Lanka and
prevail upon it to find a solution to the ethnic crisis.
Source C – A report by the Sri Lankan navy on the rescues of Tamil civilians
The escapees of whom the majority were in the prime of youth longing for a meaningful life away from LTTE
terrorism, claimed that they were living in constant fear of being forcefully conscripted despite their vehement
displeasure to be in league with the terror outfit waging a senseless killing spree of the innocent and its opponents.
They gratefully thanked the navy for the safe and cordial manner in which they were rescued, the hospitality shown
by providing them with basic needs and the swift measures taken for their immediate well-being.
25. Usefulness Questions - Practice
• Qn: How useful is Source A in showing that the Sri
Lankan government is to be blamed for the plight of the
Tamils?
How useful =
Usefulness question
Issue/ Topic focus:
- Are the Sri Lankan government policies to be blamed for
the plight of the Tamils?
26. Usefulness Question – Answer template
Infer Support Explain
Source A is useful…(state to what
extent) +
State inference no. 1 (Usefulness of
Source)
From Source A we learn that
When cross-referenced to Source B,
it supports Source A as …(say why it
supports)…This is seen in Source B
(put in the quotation)…”
This shows that the source suggests
that
This shows that (describe how
Source B enhances the explanation
of Source A)
However, Source A has its
limitations,
State Inference No. 2 (Limitations)
When cross-referenced to Source C,
it highlights what is missing in
Source A.
This is seen in source C when it
points out, (put in quotation from
source C)
Provide explanation for how Source
C points to the limitations in Source
A. Students should provide a
balanced answer (by stating why
Source is both useful and also why
it is not so useful)
27. Check your Answers
• Check the model answers that have just been given to
you
• Were you able to identify at least one inference on usefulness?
• Was your team able to cross-reference to support your answer?
28. Inference with purpose
• Use the same format as you would for Inference Question
but now your focus is on:
• Discovering the reason behind why the cartoonist, the author, the
artist created the source.
• For purpose type inference questions, students should also attempt
to identify tone from the source.
• Is the author, poet, artist unhappy with the issue he/she is trying to
express? Students must include a statement on the purpose behind a
source.
• Use phrases like: author is trying to raise awareness, or artist is trying to
criticise a government policy…etc.
29. Format of question, essay approach and
planning
SKILLS LECTURE:
STRUCTURED-ESSAY
WRITING
30. Lesson References
• Seah, Josee., - Upper Secondary Social Studies Skills
Application for Source-Based studies & Structured Essay
Questions, Wisemann Publishing Pte Ltd, Singapore:
2009
• Social Studies textbook
31. Introduction to Structured Essay
Questions
• Structured essay questions test the students ability to:
• “…to explain,
• “analyse and make judgements”
• The candidate answers will be assessed using essay
Levels Of Response Marking (LORM)s
32. Requirements for O’Level Social
Studies Paper
• Candidates are expected to:
• Select one question from a list of three (3) questions.
• Answer all parts of the question!
• Answer whole essay in 45 minutes!
33. Types of Structured Essay Questions
• Examples of Part (a) questions:
• To what extent was the dispute over territory the most important
factor that worsened the relations between Iraq and Kuwait?
Explain your answer.
• How far was the competition for investments and markets a
challenge for sustaining Singapore’s economic development?
Explain your answer.
• To what extent are the foreign threats a significant reason for the
fall of Venice? Explain your answer.
34. Types of Structured Essay Questions
• Examples of Part (b) questions:
• The Americans were the only ones to respond to the Iraqi invasion of
Kuwait. Do you agree?
• Here are three ways in which Singapore can increase its competitiveness
by managing the following resources:
• Attracting Foreign Talent
• Developing people
• Managing the environment
Which do you think is the best way to manage Singapore’s
competitiveness? Explain your answer.
35. Handling Structured Essay Questions
• Structured Essay Question approach in the following way:
• Step 1: Analyse the question: highlight the following:
• Words that ask for your stand (“what do you think?”, Which is )
• The Given Factor (if any) (Given factor is: the factor identified by the question itself)
• The keywords for linking sentence
• Step 2: Plan an outline to capture the key points:
• State Factor in the Topic Sentence… … … … … …(F)
• Make an elaboration on the Factor… … … … … … …(E)
• Make another elaboration on the same factor… … … ..(E)
• Make a link to the issue identified… … … … … … … …(L)