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BUSINESS VALUATION &
FINANCIAL ADVISORY SERVICES
VALUE FOCUS
Exploration & Production
First Quarter 2016
E&P Industry Overview	 1
World Oil Demand	 2
World Oil Supply	 3
Regulation Overview	 4
Region Focus:
Eagle Ford Basin	
Overview	 5
Production	 6
Guideline Public Company
Valuation Multiples	 7
MA Transaction Activity 7
Appendices
Commodity Prices	 9
Selected Public
Company Information	 10
Production by Region	 17
Historical Valuations	 18
Stock Performance	 20
Rig Count	 21
U.S. Oil and
Gas Resources	 25
About Mercer Capital	 26
Q1: Eagle Ford 	
Q2: Permian	
Q3: Bakken
Q4: Marcellus and Utica
REGION FOCUS
Eagle Ford 2016
www.mercercapital.com
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 1
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
EP Industry
Overview
The collapse of oil prices in late 2014 had immediate effects on the exploration and production industry. EP
companies cut capital expenditures, reigned in drilling actives, and had to redo business models. During the first
quarter of 2016, 43 exploration and production companies in the U.S. filed for bankruptcy. The majority filed for
Chapter 11 protection in hopes to reorganize. Many of these companies were forced to sell assets in order to
generate cash to pay off debts. But as crude prices fell even further, the value of reserves and the selling price
of these assets tumbled making it even more difficult to generate sufficient liquidity.
Crude oil prices over the last quarter fell to decade lows, but showed some signs of improvement over the last
few weeks. The price of crude oil is determined by market forces: supply and demand. Below, world demand
and supply is analyzed in order to understand the current pricing environment.
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 2
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
World Oil Demand
Crude Oil  Natural Gas
5.0%
20.7%
4.6%
11.9%
2.5%
55.4%
Former Soviet Union
U.S.
Japan
China
Germany
Other
Source: Bloomberg
MMBD
4.91 4.7
19.6 19.62
4.61 4.35
11.23 11.21
2.35 2.34
52.10 52.37
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
MMBD
Other Germany China Japan U.S. Former Soviet Union
Source: Bloomberg
World Daily Consumption of Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels: March 2016
As of March 31, 2016, total world daily consumption equaled 94.59 million
barrels per day.
World Daily Consumption of Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels
94.59
mboe/d
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 3
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
World Oil Supply
Crude Oil  Natural Gas
39.8%
14.8%
15.7%
4.9%
24.8%
OPEC
Former Soviet Union
U.S.
China
Other
Source: Bloomberg
MMBPD
37.69 38.41
14.13 14.25
15.13 15.09
4.76 4.72
23.67 23.94
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
12/30/11 12/31/12 12/31/13 12/31/14 12/31/15
MMBD
Other China U.S. Former Soviet Union OPEC
Source: Bloomberg
World Daily Production of Crude Oil: December 2015
As of December 31, 2015 (the most recent data available) world
daily production totaled 96.41 million barrels per day.
World Daily Production of Crude Oil
96.41
mboe/d
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 4
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
Regulation
Overview
The Oil and Gas industry is heavily regulated. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Federal Energy Regu-
latory Commissions (FERC), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Department of the Interior (DOI), and more reg-
ulate operations of the oil and gas industry. Recent legislation includes the lifting of the export ban and the rejection
of the Keystone Pipeline. New legislation to watch for this year includes the EPA’s oil and gas industry methane rule
and the Bureau of Land Management’s venting and flaring rule for gas wells.
In early 2016, the crude oil export ban, which had been in place since 1975, was lifted. Industry experts thought that
the lifting of the export ban would align the production capabilities of U.S. refineries and U.S. producers and more
evenly distribute the profits. U.S. refineries were built to process heavy crude, but the U.S. has become a more
efficient producer of sweet light crude. It was thought that the lifting of the export ban would lift the pressure on the
price of sweet light in an oversupplied U.S. market. Three months later, we do not know the consequences as the
Brent-WTI spread is still insignificant. Once the spread widens — and it is cheaper for other countries to buy WTI and
pay transportation costs than to buy Brent — the true effect on market price will be understood.
The Keystone Pipeline would have carried over 800 thousand barrels of carbon heavy petroleum a day from the
Canadian oil sands to the gulf coast. Although President Obama rejected the construction of the Keystone Pipeline
in November 2015, individual states, such as South Dakota, approved the section of the pipeline that would pass
through their states in hope that new administration will revise President Obamas decision.
The EPA is expected to finalize its rule to cut down on methane emissions from new and modified oil and gas sources
in June 2016. The rule is expected to immediately increase costs of oil and gas equipment and facilities in the field.
The Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Land Management is expected to finalize its venting and flaring rule by
August 2016. The rule is not expected to have as large of an impact on the industry as the EPA’s methane regulations,
but the rule would reduce venting and flaring on public land.
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 5
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
Eagle Ford Basin
Overview
The economics of oil and gas production varies by region. Mercer Capital focuses on trends in the Eagle Ford,
Permian, Bakken, and Marcellus and Utica plays. The cost of producing oil and gas depends on the geological
makeup of the reserve, depth of reserve, and cost to transport the raw crude to market. We can observe different
costs in different regions depending on these factors. This quarter we take a closer look at the Eagle Ford Shale.
The Eagle Ford Shale’s potential was first recognized in 2008 when the first drillers found natural gas. Soon after,
other drillers began to enter the play and discovered not only significant natural gas reserves, but also large quantities
of oil. Since then companies have invested heavily in Eagle Ford.
Eagle Ford Shale is capable of producing both oil and gas through unconventional drilling techniques. The high
carbonate percentage of the shale makes the rock more “fracable,” thus cheaper to produce than other shale plays.1
Break-even prices in the Eagle Ford vary from as low as $27 to $63 per barrel.2
The Eagle Ford is one of the most
productive shale oil plays in the US. On average over the first quarter of 2016, oil production per rig totaled 1,025 bpd
in the Eagle Ford versus just 469 bpd in the Permian. Rig counts in the Permian, however, nearly tripled rig counts in
the Eagle Ford making the Eagle Ford the second largest oil producer in the U.S., after the Permian.3
1	
Shale Experts.
2	
Bloomberg Intelligence; County Level Data Estimate.
3	
EIA March Drilling Report by Region.
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 6
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
Eagle Ford Basin
Production
The EIA estimates total production as the sum of new production from recently drilled wells and legacy production
from existing wells. Over the last year, legacy production trends are dominated by depletion rates. The change in
legacy production, although negative, has decreased. The Eagle Ford produces approximately 1.4 mbpd which
represents 15.2% of total U.S. production and 1.4% of world-wide production.4
The top producers in the Eagle Ford
include EOG Resources, BHP Billiton, and Conoco-Phillips.
Production in the Eagle ford fell rapidly in the first quarter as the number of rigs fell by over 35% and production per
rig increased by less than 4.0%. This trend shows that in order to cut costs some operators decreased fixed costs
by taking rigs offline but increased variable costs by raising production at the rigs where they continued operations.
Overall, production fell as operators in the region were forced to stop production as the price of oil fell below many of
their breakeven prices.
0
950
1,900
2,850
3,800
4,750
5,700
6,650
7,600
8,550
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
ThousandCubicFeetperDay
ThousandBarrelsperDay
Crude Oil Natural GasSource: EIA
Total Oil and Gas Production in the Eagle Ford
Source: EIA
4	
EIA Crude Oil Production; IEA Oil Market Report released April 14, 2016.
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 7
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
As shown in Appendix B (pages 10-16), valuation multiples for companies focused in the Eagle Ford are lower than
companies who produce in the Permian. Many companies are moving out of the Eagle Ford and relocating to the
Permian which is thought to have better upside potential. Since 12 months ago, multiples have fallen as enterprise
values for companies operating in the Eagle Ford, on average, decreased by 28% and production of our guideline
group increased slightly.
A few recent transactions in the Eagle Ford are summarized on the following page. The most notable transaction
was Noble Energy’s purchase of Rosetta Resources for $2.1 billion. The transaction is expected to increase Noble’s
annual production growth by 15%. The price per acre multiple for the transaction was higher than many other high-
lighted transactions because Nobel acquired 56,000 acres in the Permian as well as 50,000 acres in the Eagle Ford
with acreage in the Permian selling at a premium to other shale plays.
Eagle Ford Basin
Guideline Public Company
Valuation Multiples
MA Transaction Activity
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 8
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
Eagle Ford Transactions
Annouced
Date Buyer Seller
Deal Value
($MM) $ / Acre $ / Daily BOE
$ / Barrel
of Proved
Reserves
1/26/16 Carrier Energy Partners Ii Llc  Empyrean Energy Plc  $61.0 $2,541.7 $48,800.0 $9.3
10/6/15 Not Disclosed  Penn Virginia Corporation  $13.0 $13,684.2 $52,000.0 $21.8
9/22/15 Enervest Ltd.  Alta Mesa Holdings, Lp  $125.0 $67,567.6 $56,818.2 na
7/27/15 EP Energy Corporation  Goodrich Petroleum Corp.  $118.0 $9,833.3 $41,403.5 na
7/1/15 Private  Comstock Resources Inc.  $115.0 $3,593.8 $60,526.3 $31.1
6/18/15 Not Disclosed  Clayton Williams Energy Inc.  $22.1 $5,973.0 na na
5/11/15 Noble Energy, Inc.  Rosetta Resources, Inc.  $2,100.0 $21,875.0 $31,818.2 $7.4
Median $115.0 $9,833.3 $50,400.0 $15.6
Average $364.9 $17,866.9 $48,561.0 $17.4
Source: Shale Experts
* Does not include all transactions in the Eagle Ford for the last twelve months ended 3/31/2016
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 9
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
Appendix A
Commodity Prices
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
3/31/11
9/30/11
3/31/12
9/30/12
3/31/13
9/30/13
3/31/14
9/30/14
3/31/15
9/30/15
3/31/16
DollarsperBarrel
WTI Brent
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3/31/11
9/30/11
3/31/12
9/30/12
3/31/13
9/30/13
3/31/14
9/30/14
3/31/15
9/30/15
3/31/16
Dollarper
ThousandCubicFeet
Crude Oil Spot Prices
Henry Hub Natural Gas Spot Price
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 10
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
LTM
EBITDAX
Margin
Total
Production
(MBOE/D)
Enterprise
Value
($MM)
YOY Change
in EV
EV/
EBITDAX
EV/
Total
ProductionCompany Name Ticker
Revenues
($MM)
EBITDAX
($MM)
Global Integrated
Exxon-XTO XOM 219,872 29,356 13.4% 4,062 391,702 0.3% 13.3x 96,438.7x
Statoil STO 52,597 20,224 38.5% na 61,788 -6.8% 3.1x nm
Shell RDS/A 247,808 25,847 10.4% 2,803 267,100 22.9% 10.3x 95,290.6x
Chevron CVX 113,546 17,581 15.5% 2,669 214,282 -2.3% 12.2x 80,300.6x
Occidental Petroleum Co. OXY 11,514 (5,286) -45.9% 647 56,695 -7.0% nm 87,685.8x
BP BP 203,060 6,317 3.1% 3,122 125,587 -13.3% 19.9x 40,226.5x
Average 141,400 15,673 5.8% 2,660 186,192 -1.0% 11.8x 79,988.5x
Median 158,303 18,903 11.9% 2,803 169,935 -4.6% 12.2x 87,685.8x
Presented in $000,000s, as of 3/31/2016
Source: Bloomberg L.P.
Mercer Capital tracks the performance of Exploration and Production companies across different mineral reserves in order to understand how the current pricing envi-
ronment affects operators in each region. We created an index of seven groups which we follow in order to better understand performance trends across reserves and
across the industry. The current pricing multiples of each company in the index is summarized below and on the following pages.
Appendix B
Selected Public Company Information
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 11
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
LTM
EBITDAX
Margin
Total
Production
(MBOE/D)
Enterprise
Value
($MM)
YOY Change
in EV
EV/
EBITDAX
EV/
Total
ProductionCompany Name Ticker
Revenues
($MM)
EBITDAX
($MM)
Global EP
Marathon Oil MRO 4,877 1,339 27.5% 399 14,608 -36.2% 10.9x 36,567.0x
Hess HES 6,071 704 11.6% 342 21,322 -10.7% 30.3x 62,345.4x
ConocoPhillips Co. COP 26,969 5,107 18.9% 1,545 74,469 -23.1% 14.6x 48,185.2x
Anadarko Petroleum Corp. APC 8,358 1,065 12.7% 775 42,848 -28.4% 40.2x 55,301.5x
Noble Energy NBL 3,985 1,003 25.2% 389 20,694 -11.7% 20.6x 53,137.0x
Apache Corp. APA 5,788 (17,828) -308.0% 495 27,725 -25.0% nm 56,011.3x
Murphy Oil MUR 2,471 (1,539) -62.3% 190 7,197 -24.5% nm 37,945.2x
Newfield Exploration NFX 1,958 (3,432) -175.3% 152 8,480 5.1% nm 55,668.4x
Average 7,560 (1,698) -56.2% 536 27,168 -19.3% 23.3x 50,645.1x
Median 5,333 854 12.2% 394 21,008 -23.8% 20.6x 54,219.3x
Presented in $000,000s, as of 3/31/2016
Source: Bloomberg L.P.
Appendix B
Selected Public Company Information
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 12
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
LTM
EBITDAX
Margin
Total
Production
(MBOE/D)
Enterprise
Value
($MM)
YOY Change
in EV
EV/
EBITDAX
EV/
Total
ProductionCompany Name Ticker
Revenues
($MM)
EBITDAX
($MM)
Other North American EP
Legacy Reserves LGCY 438 (221) -50.4% 45 1,538 -19.1% nm 33,861.4x
EXCO Resources XCO 350 (952) -271.9% na 1,604 -18.5% nm nm
EV Energy Partners EVEP 234 (63) -27.0% 32 757 -55.0% nm 23,601.6x
Encana Corp. ECA 3,926 (4,175) -106.3% 354 10,398 -28.7% nm 29,403.0x
Devon DVN 13,606 (14,391) -105.8% 638 29,384 -26.0% nm 46,048.7x
Atlas Resource Partners, L.P. ARP 496 (631) -127.4% 40 1,721 -20.3% nm 42,763.5x
Contango Oil  Gas MCF 107 (238) -221.7% 13 341 -35.2% nm 25,842.1x
US Energy Corp USEG 10 (47) -485.7% na 16 -53.7% nm nm
Stone Energy Corp SGY 482 (775) -160.9% 32 1,200 -29.5% nm 37,143.5x
Vanguard Natural Resources
LLC
VNR 522 (1,715) -328.7% 74 2,718 -20.4% nm 36,501.5x
Bill Barrett Corp BBG 355 (345) -97.2% 16 1,000 -6.6% nm 63,768.1x
Denbury Resources Inc DNR 1,569 (5,516) -351.6% 68 4,026 -35.3% nm 59,446.7x
Bonanza Creek Energy Inc BCEI 352 (594) -168.9% 23 955 -51.1% nm 41,546.6x
Enerplus ERF 812 (385) -47.5% 94 1,577 -48.9% nm 16,789.3x
Presented in $000,000s, as of 3/31/2016
Source: Bloomberg L.P.
Appendix B
Selected Public Company Information
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 13
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
LTM
EBITDAX
Margin
Total
Production
(MBOE/D)
Enterprise
Value
($MM)
YOY Change
in EV
EV/
EBITDAX
EV/
Total
ProductionCompany Name Ticker
Revenues
($MM)
EBITDAX
($MM)
QEP Resources Inc SXL 2,296 (280) -12.2% 143 4,606 -14.4% nm 32,185.6x
Abraxas Petroleum Corp. AXAS 69 (134) -193.5% 6 247 -46.2% nm 44,240.0x
Arsenal Energy Inc. AEYIF 41 (44) -106.6% na 60 -31.6% nm nm
WPX Energy WPX 1,761 (1,115) -63.3% 76 5,322 28.1% nm 69,908.1x
EQT EQT 1,919 1,036 54.0% 325 14,977 -8.5% 14.4x 46,090.9x
Chesapeake Energy CHK 10,989 (12,560) -114.3% 627 16,489 -26.3% nm 26,287.5x
Matador Resources MTDR 325 (637) -195.7% 25 2,043 -2.6% nm 80,690.6x
Comstock Resources CRK 223 (821) -368.4% 29 1,162 -12.9% nm 40,710.8x
Average 1,858 (2,027) -161.4% 140 4,643 -25.6% 14.4x 41,938.4x
Median 460 (613) -120.8% 45 1,590 -26.2% 14.4x 40,710.8x
Presented in $000,000s, as of 3/31/2016
Source: Bloomberg L.P.
Appendix B
Selected Public Company Information
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 14
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
Appendix B
Selected Public Company Information
Focused EP Companies (50% of Production in region)
LTM
EBITDAX
Margin
Total
Production
(MBOE/D)
Enterprise
Value
($MM)
YOY Change
in EV
EV/
EBITDAX
EV/
Total
ProductionCompany Name Ticker
Revenues
($MM)
EBITDAX
($MM)
Bakken
Continental Resources CLR 2,488 1,458 58.6% 206 18,507 -19.7% 12.7x 89,934.6x
Whiting Petroleum Corp WLL 1,862 (1,614) -86.6% 139 6,861 -40.1% nm 49,279.0x
Halcon Resources Corp HK 935 (1,963) -210.0% 39 3,196 -33.7% nm 81,537.2x
Oasis Petro OAS 740 335 45.4% 49 3,497 -19.3% 10.4x 72,077.4x
Crescent Point Energy CPG 2,973 1,925 64.7% 166 10,407 -19.1% 5.4x 62,847.5x
Average 1,800 28 -25.6% 120 8,494 -26.4% 9.5x 71,135.1x
Median 1,862 335 45.4% 139 6,861 -19.7% 10.4x 72,077.4x
Marcellus  Utica
Range Resources RRC 1,630 (271) -16.6% 235 8,080 -33.0% nm 34,416.2x
Cabot Oil and Gas COG 1,232 451 36.6% 281 11,809 -16.1% 26.2x 42,089.5x
Rice RICE 763 120 15.7% 119 4,025 -8.1% 33.7x 33,962.4x
REX Energy Corp REXX 206 (293) -142.1% 35 958 -11.4% nm 27,379.8x
Antero Resources Corp AR 2,540 988 38.9% 282 12,916 -12.7% 13.1x 45,806.4x
Eclipse Resources Corp. ECR 293 (616) -210.5% 33 695 -56.3% nm 20,824.2x
Gulfport Energy GPOR 690 (1,246) -180.5% 119 3,984 -14.1% nm 33,462.2x
Southwestern Energy Co SWN 2,956 (6,668) -225.6% 401 9,716 -38.5% nm 24,216.3x
Average 1,289 (942) -85.5% 188 6,523 -23.8% 24.3x 32,769.6x
Median 997 (282) -79.4% 177 6,052 -15.1% 26.2x 33,712.3x
Presented in $000,000s, as of 3/31/2016
Source: Bloomberg L.P.
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 15
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
Appendix B
Selected Public Company Information
Focused EP Companies (50% of Production in region)
LTM
EBITDAX
Margin
Total
Production
(MBOE/D)
Enterprise
Value
($MM)
YOY Change
in EV
EV/
EBITDAX
EV/
Total
ProductionCompany Name Ticker
Revenues
($MM)
EBITDAX
($MM)
Permian Basin
Concho CXO 2,397 159 6.6% 140 15,936 -7.9% 100.0x 114,231.0x
Callon Petroleum Co CPE 170 (131) -77.0% 12 1,203 34.2% nm 101,542.8x
Parsley Energy PEIX 325 179 55.0% 31 4,334 55.8% 24.3x 140,712.9x
Diamondback Energy  FANG 539 (463) -85.8% 36 5,989 12.2% nm 164,806.5x
 RSP Permian Inc RSPP 353 215 61.0% 26 3,565 42.9% 16.6x 138,946.0x
Laredo Petroleum Inc. LPI 821 (2,116) -257.9% 43 3,160 -22.4% nm 73,607.3x
Approach Resources Inc AREX 156 (130) -83.7% 13 542 -25.4% nm 42,814.0x
Ring Energy REI 31 (21) -66.6% 2 201 -28.5% nm 84,282.9x
Pioneer Natural Resources Co. PXD 4,042 1,238 30.6% 224 24,140 -9.4% 19.5x 107,874.9x
Cimarex Energy Co. XEC 1,332 (2,688) -201.8% 156 10,032 -12.5% nm 64,382.6x
Clayton Williams Energy Inc. CWEI 186 21 11.5% 12 839 -38.1% 39.1x 68,943.2x
Energen Corp EGN 878 (1,030) -117.3% 56 4,067 -29.3% nm 72,615.4x
Average 936 (397) -60.4% 62 6,167 -2.4% 39.9x 97,896.6x
Median 446 (75) -71.8% 34 3,816 -10.9% 24.3x 92,912.9x
Presented in $000,000s, as of 3/31/2016
Source: Bloomberg L.P.
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 16
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
LTM
EBITDAX
Margin
Total
Production
(MBOE/D)
Enterprise
Value
($MM)
YOY Change
in EV
EV/
EBITDAX
EV/
Total
ProductionCompany Name Ticker
Revenues
($MM)
EBITDAX
($MM)
Eagle Ford
Carrizo Oil  Gas Inc. CRZO 607 (1,066) -175.7% 38 3,069 -19.2% nm 80,419.1x
Baytex Energy BTE 919 (554) -60.3% 69 2,229 -49.9% nm 32,417.0x
Earthsone Energy, Inc. ESTE 50 (117) -235.1% 5 173 -37.6% nm 33,647.8x
Lonestar Resources LNR 111 52 46.8% 7 350 -6.0% 6.8x 48,814.7x
Sanchez Energy SN 611 (596) -97.5% 52 1,780 -27.8% nm 33,976.5x
SM Energy (St. Mary Land 
Exploration)
SM 1,324 (35) -2.6% 147 3,840 -37.1% nm 26,134.6x
EOG Resources EOG 7,786 (3,621) -46.5% 537 46,228 -16.0% nm 86,008.4x
Average 1,630 (848) -81.6% 122 8,238 -27.7% 6.8x 48,774.0x
Median 611 (554) -60.3% 52 2,229 -27.8% 6.8x 33,976.5x
Focused EP
Average 1,311 (566) -65.9% 116 7,073 -17.0% 25.6x 66,687.8x
Median 792 (131) -63.5% 54 3,912 -19.3% 18.0x 63,615.1x
EP
Average 2,311 (1,230) -98.5% 181 8,803 -20.3% 24.4x 56,542.4x
Median 816 (286) -84.7% 74 3,912 -21.4% 18.0x 46,090.9x
All
Average 14,584 261 -89.3% 374 24,455 -18.6% 21.6x 58,374.1x
Median 927 (255) -65.0% 106 4,046 -19.5% 14.6x 48,500.0x
Presented in $000,000s, as of 3/31/2016
Source: Bloomberg L.P.
Appendix B
Selected Public Company Information
Focused EP Companies (50% of Production in region)
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 17
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
Appendix C
Production by
Region
Crude Oil Production
Natural Gas Production
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
M
ar-07
Sep-07
M
ar-08
Sep-08
M
ar-09
Sep-09
M
ar-10
Sep-10
M
ar-11
Sep-11
M
ar-12
Sep-12
M
ar-13
Sep-13
M
ar-14
Sep-14
M
ar-15
Sep-15
M
ar-16
ThousandBarrelsperDay
Eagle Ford Permian Marecellus Utica Bakken
Source: EIA
-
4,000
8,000
12,000
16,000
20,000
M
ar-07
Sep-07
M
ar-08
Sep-08
M
ar-09
Sep-09
M
ar-10
Sep-10
M
ar-11
Sep-11
M
ar-12
Sep-12
M
ar-13
Sep-13
M
ar-14
Sep-14
M
ar-15
Sep-15
M
ar-16
ThousandCubicFeetperDay
Eagle Ford Permian Marecellus Utica Bakken
Source: EIA
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 18
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
Global Integrated EV/Total Production
North American EP EV/Total Production
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
75th Percentile Median 25th Percentile
Source: Bloomberg L.P.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
75th Percentile Median 25th Percentile
Source: Bloomberg
Global EP EV/Total Production
0
20
40
60
80
100
75th Percentile Median 25th Percentile
Source: Bloomberg L.P.
Appendix D
Historical Valuations
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 19
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
Eagle Ford EV/Total Production
Bakken Rig EV/Total Production
Permian Rig EV/Total Production
Marcellus  Utica EV/Total Production
0
50
100
150
200
250
75th Percentile Median 25th Percentile
Source: Bloomberg L.P.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
75th Percentile Median 25th Percentile
Source: Bloomberg L.P.
0
50
100
150
200
250
75th Percentile Median 25th Percentile
Source: Bloomberg L.P.
0
50
100
150
200
75th Percentile Median 25th Percentile
Source: Bloomberg L.P.
Appendix D
Historical Valuations
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 20
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
Mercer Capital’s Energy Indice Stock Performance
-150%
-100%
-50%
0%
50%
100%
150%
Global Integrated Global EP Other EP Bakken MU Permian Eagle Ford
Appendix E
Stock Performance
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 21
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
Appendix F
Rig Count
Rig Count by Region
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Apr-10
Sep-10
Feb-11
Jul-11
D
ec-11
M
ay-12
O
ct-12
M
ar-13
Aug-13
Jan-14
Jun-14
N
ov-14
Apr-15
Sep-15
Feb-16
Bakken Eagle Ford Permian Marcellus Utica Other
Source: Baker Hughes
Baker Hughes collects and publishes information regarding active drilling rigs in the United States and internationally.
The number of active rigs is a key indicator of demand for oilfield services  equipment. Factors influencing rig counts
include energy prices, investment climate, technological changes, regulatory activity, weather, and seasonality.
The number of active rigs in the United States as of March 31, 2016 stood at 477, representing a 57% decrease from
the same period in 2015 and a 74% decrease from March 2014.5
The decline reflects a slowdown in activity due to
lower oil prices. The Permian remains the most active play for drilling followed by the Eagle Ford.
5	
Data provided by Baker Hughes.
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 22
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
U.S. Rig Count by Oil vs. Natural Gas
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
M
ar-11
Jul-11
N
ov-11
M
ar-12
Jul-12
N
ov-12
M
ar-13
Jul-13
N
ov-13
M
ar-14
Jul-14
N
ov-14
M
ar-15
Jul-15
N
ov-15
M
ar-16
Oil Rigs Gas RigsSource: Baker Hughes
Appendix F
Rig Count
U.S. Rig Count by Trajectory
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
M
ar-11
Jul-11
N
ov-11
M
ar-12
Jul-12
N
ov-12
M
ar-13
Jul-13
N
ov-13
M
ar-14
Jul-14
N
ov-14
M
ar-15
Jul-15
N
ov-15
M
ar-16
Directional Rigs Horizontal Rigs Vertical Rigs
Source: Baker Hughes
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 23
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
Eagle Ford Rig Count by Oil vs. Natural Gas
Bakken Rig Count by Oil vs. Natural Gas
Permian Rig Count by Oil vs. Natural Gas
Marcellus  Utica Rig Count by Oil vs. Natural Gas
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Eagle Ford Oil Rigs Eagle Ford Gas Rigs
Source: Baker Hughes
0
50
100
150
200
250
Williston Basin Oil Rigs Williston Basin Gas Rigs
Source: Baker Hughes
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Permian Oil Rigs Permian Gas Rigs
Source: Baker Hughes
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
M
ar-11
Jul-11
N
ov-11
M
ar-12
Jul-12
N
ov-12
M
ar-13
Jul-13
N
ov-13
M
ar-14
Jul-14
N
ov-14
M
ar-15
Jul-15
N
ov-15
M
ar-16
MarcellusUtica Oil Rigs Marcellus Utica Gas Rigs
Source: Baker Hughes
Appendix F
Rig Count // Oil vs. Natural Gas
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 24
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
Eagle Ford Rig Count by Trajectory
Bakken Rig Count by Trajectory
Permian Rig Count by Trajectory
Marcellus  Utica Rig Count by Trajectory
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Eagle Ford Directional Rigs Eagle Ford Horizontal Rigs
Eagle Ford Vertical Rigs
Source: Baker Hughes
0
50
100
150
200
250
Williston Basin Directional Rigs Williston Basin Horizontal Rigs
Williston Basin Vertical Rigs
Source: Baker Hughes
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Permian Directional Rigs Permian Horizontal Rigs
Permian Vertical Rigs
Source: Baker Hughes
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Marcellus  Utica Directional Rigs Marcellus  Utica Horizontal Rigs
Marcellus  Utica Vertical Rigs
Source: Baker Hughes
Appendix F
Rig Count // Trajectory
© 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation  Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 25
Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy
Appendix G
U.S. Oil and Gas Resources
U.S. Crude Oil and Lease Condensate Proved Reserves Map
2014
U.S. Wet Natural Gas Proved Reserves Map
2014
The EIA’s Annual Survey of Oil and Gas Reserves is available in November. The most recent data available was used.
Contact Us
Copyright © 2016 Mercer Capital Management, Inc. All rights reserved. It is illegal under Federal law to reproduce this publication or any portion of its contents without the publisher’s permission. Media quotations with source attribution are encouraged. Reporters
requesting additional information or editorial comment should contact Barbara Walters Price at 901.685.2120. Mercer Capital’s Industry Focus is published quarterly and does not constitute legal or financial consulting advice. It is offered as an information service to
our clients and friends. Those interested in specific guidance for legal or accounting matters should seek competent professional advice. Inquiries to discuss specific valuation matters are welcomed. To add your name to our mailing list to receive this complimentary
publication, visit our web site at www.mercercapital.com.
BUSINESS VALUATION 
FINANCIAL ADVISORY SERVICES
Services Provided
•	 Valuation of energy companies
•	 Transaction advisory for acquisitions and divestitures
•	 Valuations for purchase accounting and impairment
testing
•	 Fairness and solvency opinions
•	 Litigation support for economic damages and valuation
and shareholder disputes
Mercer
Capital
Energy Industry Services
Mercer Capital has expertise providing business valuation and financial advisory
services to companies in the energy industry.
Industry Segments
Mercer Capital serves the following industry segments:
•	 Exploration  Production
•	 Oil Field Services
•	 Midstream Operations
•	 Alternative Energy
Contact a Mercer Capital professional to discuss your needs in confidence.
Bryce Erickson, ASA, MRICS
214.468.8400
ericksonb@mercercapital.com
Grant M. Farrell, ASA, CPA, ABV, CFF
214.468.8400
farrellg@mercercapital.com
Don Erickson, ASA
214.468.8400
ericksond@mercercapital.com
Taryn E. Burgess
901.322.9757
burgesst@mercercapital.com
MERCER CAPITAL
Memphis
5100 Poplar Avenue, Suite 2600
Memphis, Tennessee 38137
901.685.2120
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12201 Merit Drive, Suite 480
Dallas, Texas 75251
214.468.8400
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Nashville, Tennessee 37205
615.345.0350
www.mercercapital.com

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Mercer Capital's Value Focus: Exploration and Production | Q1 2016

  • 1. BUSINESS VALUATION & FINANCIAL ADVISORY SERVICES VALUE FOCUS Exploration & Production First Quarter 2016 E&P Industry Overview 1 World Oil Demand 2 World Oil Supply 3 Regulation Overview 4 Region Focus: Eagle Ford Basin Overview 5 Production 6 Guideline Public Company Valuation Multiples 7 MA Transaction Activity 7 Appendices Commodity Prices 9 Selected Public Company Information 10 Production by Region 17 Historical Valuations 18 Stock Performance 20 Rig Count 21 U.S. Oil and Gas Resources 25 About Mercer Capital 26 Q1: Eagle Ford Q2: Permian Q3: Bakken Q4: Marcellus and Utica REGION FOCUS Eagle Ford 2016 www.mercercapital.com
  • 2. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 1 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy EP Industry Overview The collapse of oil prices in late 2014 had immediate effects on the exploration and production industry. EP companies cut capital expenditures, reigned in drilling actives, and had to redo business models. During the first quarter of 2016, 43 exploration and production companies in the U.S. filed for bankruptcy. The majority filed for Chapter 11 protection in hopes to reorganize. Many of these companies were forced to sell assets in order to generate cash to pay off debts. But as crude prices fell even further, the value of reserves and the selling price of these assets tumbled making it even more difficult to generate sufficient liquidity. Crude oil prices over the last quarter fell to decade lows, but showed some signs of improvement over the last few weeks. The price of crude oil is determined by market forces: supply and demand. Below, world demand and supply is analyzed in order to understand the current pricing environment.
  • 3. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 2 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy World Oil Demand Crude Oil Natural Gas 5.0% 20.7% 4.6% 11.9% 2.5% 55.4% Former Soviet Union U.S. Japan China Germany Other Source: Bloomberg MMBD 4.91 4.7 19.6 19.62 4.61 4.35 11.23 11.21 2.35 2.34 52.10 52.37 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 MMBD Other Germany China Japan U.S. Former Soviet Union Source: Bloomberg World Daily Consumption of Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels: March 2016 As of March 31, 2016, total world daily consumption equaled 94.59 million barrels per day. World Daily Consumption of Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels 94.59 mboe/d
  • 4. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 3 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy World Oil Supply Crude Oil Natural Gas 39.8% 14.8% 15.7% 4.9% 24.8% OPEC Former Soviet Union U.S. China Other Source: Bloomberg MMBPD 37.69 38.41 14.13 14.25 15.13 15.09 4.76 4.72 23.67 23.94 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 12/30/11 12/31/12 12/31/13 12/31/14 12/31/15 MMBD Other China U.S. Former Soviet Union OPEC Source: Bloomberg World Daily Production of Crude Oil: December 2015 As of December 31, 2015 (the most recent data available) world daily production totaled 96.41 million barrels per day. World Daily Production of Crude Oil 96.41 mboe/d
  • 5. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 4 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy Regulation Overview The Oil and Gas industry is heavily regulated. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Federal Energy Regu- latory Commissions (FERC), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Department of the Interior (DOI), and more reg- ulate operations of the oil and gas industry. Recent legislation includes the lifting of the export ban and the rejection of the Keystone Pipeline. New legislation to watch for this year includes the EPA’s oil and gas industry methane rule and the Bureau of Land Management’s venting and flaring rule for gas wells. In early 2016, the crude oil export ban, which had been in place since 1975, was lifted. Industry experts thought that the lifting of the export ban would align the production capabilities of U.S. refineries and U.S. producers and more evenly distribute the profits. U.S. refineries were built to process heavy crude, but the U.S. has become a more efficient producer of sweet light crude. It was thought that the lifting of the export ban would lift the pressure on the price of sweet light in an oversupplied U.S. market. Three months later, we do not know the consequences as the Brent-WTI spread is still insignificant. Once the spread widens — and it is cheaper for other countries to buy WTI and pay transportation costs than to buy Brent — the true effect on market price will be understood. The Keystone Pipeline would have carried over 800 thousand barrels of carbon heavy petroleum a day from the Canadian oil sands to the gulf coast. Although President Obama rejected the construction of the Keystone Pipeline in November 2015, individual states, such as South Dakota, approved the section of the pipeline that would pass through their states in hope that new administration will revise President Obamas decision. The EPA is expected to finalize its rule to cut down on methane emissions from new and modified oil and gas sources in June 2016. The rule is expected to immediately increase costs of oil and gas equipment and facilities in the field. The Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Land Management is expected to finalize its venting and flaring rule by August 2016. The rule is not expected to have as large of an impact on the industry as the EPA’s methane regulations, but the rule would reduce venting and flaring on public land.
  • 6. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 5 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy Eagle Ford Basin Overview The economics of oil and gas production varies by region. Mercer Capital focuses on trends in the Eagle Ford, Permian, Bakken, and Marcellus and Utica plays. The cost of producing oil and gas depends on the geological makeup of the reserve, depth of reserve, and cost to transport the raw crude to market. We can observe different costs in different regions depending on these factors. This quarter we take a closer look at the Eagle Ford Shale. The Eagle Ford Shale’s potential was first recognized in 2008 when the first drillers found natural gas. Soon after, other drillers began to enter the play and discovered not only significant natural gas reserves, but also large quantities of oil. Since then companies have invested heavily in Eagle Ford. Eagle Ford Shale is capable of producing both oil and gas through unconventional drilling techniques. The high carbonate percentage of the shale makes the rock more “fracable,” thus cheaper to produce than other shale plays.1 Break-even prices in the Eagle Ford vary from as low as $27 to $63 per barrel.2 The Eagle Ford is one of the most productive shale oil plays in the US. On average over the first quarter of 2016, oil production per rig totaled 1,025 bpd in the Eagle Ford versus just 469 bpd in the Permian. Rig counts in the Permian, however, nearly tripled rig counts in the Eagle Ford making the Eagle Ford the second largest oil producer in the U.S., after the Permian.3 1 Shale Experts. 2 Bloomberg Intelligence; County Level Data Estimate. 3 EIA March Drilling Report by Region.
  • 7. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 6 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy Eagle Ford Basin Production The EIA estimates total production as the sum of new production from recently drilled wells and legacy production from existing wells. Over the last year, legacy production trends are dominated by depletion rates. The change in legacy production, although negative, has decreased. The Eagle Ford produces approximately 1.4 mbpd which represents 15.2% of total U.S. production and 1.4% of world-wide production.4 The top producers in the Eagle Ford include EOG Resources, BHP Billiton, and Conoco-Phillips. Production in the Eagle ford fell rapidly in the first quarter as the number of rigs fell by over 35% and production per rig increased by less than 4.0%. This trend shows that in order to cut costs some operators decreased fixed costs by taking rigs offline but increased variable costs by raising production at the rigs where they continued operations. Overall, production fell as operators in the region were forced to stop production as the price of oil fell below many of their breakeven prices. 0 950 1,900 2,850 3,800 4,750 5,700 6,650 7,600 8,550 - 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 ThousandCubicFeetperDay ThousandBarrelsperDay Crude Oil Natural GasSource: EIA Total Oil and Gas Production in the Eagle Ford Source: EIA 4 EIA Crude Oil Production; IEA Oil Market Report released April 14, 2016.
  • 8. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 7 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy As shown in Appendix B (pages 10-16), valuation multiples for companies focused in the Eagle Ford are lower than companies who produce in the Permian. Many companies are moving out of the Eagle Ford and relocating to the Permian which is thought to have better upside potential. Since 12 months ago, multiples have fallen as enterprise values for companies operating in the Eagle Ford, on average, decreased by 28% and production of our guideline group increased slightly. A few recent transactions in the Eagle Ford are summarized on the following page. The most notable transaction was Noble Energy’s purchase of Rosetta Resources for $2.1 billion. The transaction is expected to increase Noble’s annual production growth by 15%. The price per acre multiple for the transaction was higher than many other high- lighted transactions because Nobel acquired 56,000 acres in the Permian as well as 50,000 acres in the Eagle Ford with acreage in the Permian selling at a premium to other shale plays. Eagle Ford Basin Guideline Public Company Valuation Multiples MA Transaction Activity
  • 9. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 8 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy Eagle Ford Transactions Annouced Date Buyer Seller Deal Value ($MM) $ / Acre $ / Daily BOE $ / Barrel of Proved Reserves 1/26/16 Carrier Energy Partners Ii Llc  Empyrean Energy Plc  $61.0 $2,541.7 $48,800.0 $9.3 10/6/15 Not Disclosed  Penn Virginia Corporation  $13.0 $13,684.2 $52,000.0 $21.8 9/22/15 Enervest Ltd.  Alta Mesa Holdings, Lp  $125.0 $67,567.6 $56,818.2 na 7/27/15 EP Energy Corporation  Goodrich Petroleum Corp.  $118.0 $9,833.3 $41,403.5 na 7/1/15 Private  Comstock Resources Inc.  $115.0 $3,593.8 $60,526.3 $31.1 6/18/15 Not Disclosed  Clayton Williams Energy Inc.  $22.1 $5,973.0 na na 5/11/15 Noble Energy, Inc.  Rosetta Resources, Inc.  $2,100.0 $21,875.0 $31,818.2 $7.4 Median $115.0 $9,833.3 $50,400.0 $15.6 Average $364.9 $17,866.9 $48,561.0 $17.4 Source: Shale Experts * Does not include all transactions in the Eagle Ford for the last twelve months ended 3/31/2016
  • 10. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 9 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy Appendix A Commodity Prices 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 3/31/11 9/30/11 3/31/12 9/30/12 3/31/13 9/30/13 3/31/14 9/30/14 3/31/15 9/30/15 3/31/16 DollarsperBarrel WTI Brent 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3/31/11 9/30/11 3/31/12 9/30/12 3/31/13 9/30/13 3/31/14 9/30/14 3/31/15 9/30/15 3/31/16 Dollarper ThousandCubicFeet Crude Oil Spot Prices Henry Hub Natural Gas Spot Price
  • 11. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 10 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy LTM EBITDAX Margin Total Production (MBOE/D) Enterprise Value ($MM) YOY Change in EV EV/ EBITDAX EV/ Total ProductionCompany Name Ticker Revenues ($MM) EBITDAX ($MM) Global Integrated Exxon-XTO XOM 219,872 29,356 13.4% 4,062 391,702 0.3% 13.3x 96,438.7x Statoil STO 52,597 20,224 38.5% na 61,788 -6.8% 3.1x nm Shell RDS/A 247,808 25,847 10.4% 2,803 267,100 22.9% 10.3x 95,290.6x Chevron CVX 113,546 17,581 15.5% 2,669 214,282 -2.3% 12.2x 80,300.6x Occidental Petroleum Co. OXY 11,514 (5,286) -45.9% 647 56,695 -7.0% nm 87,685.8x BP BP 203,060 6,317 3.1% 3,122 125,587 -13.3% 19.9x 40,226.5x Average 141,400 15,673 5.8% 2,660 186,192 -1.0% 11.8x 79,988.5x Median 158,303 18,903 11.9% 2,803 169,935 -4.6% 12.2x 87,685.8x Presented in $000,000s, as of 3/31/2016 Source: Bloomberg L.P. Mercer Capital tracks the performance of Exploration and Production companies across different mineral reserves in order to understand how the current pricing envi- ronment affects operators in each region. We created an index of seven groups which we follow in order to better understand performance trends across reserves and across the industry. The current pricing multiples of each company in the index is summarized below and on the following pages. Appendix B Selected Public Company Information
  • 12. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 11 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy LTM EBITDAX Margin Total Production (MBOE/D) Enterprise Value ($MM) YOY Change in EV EV/ EBITDAX EV/ Total ProductionCompany Name Ticker Revenues ($MM) EBITDAX ($MM) Global EP Marathon Oil MRO 4,877 1,339 27.5% 399 14,608 -36.2% 10.9x 36,567.0x Hess HES 6,071 704 11.6% 342 21,322 -10.7% 30.3x 62,345.4x ConocoPhillips Co. COP 26,969 5,107 18.9% 1,545 74,469 -23.1% 14.6x 48,185.2x Anadarko Petroleum Corp. APC 8,358 1,065 12.7% 775 42,848 -28.4% 40.2x 55,301.5x Noble Energy NBL 3,985 1,003 25.2% 389 20,694 -11.7% 20.6x 53,137.0x Apache Corp. APA 5,788 (17,828) -308.0% 495 27,725 -25.0% nm 56,011.3x Murphy Oil MUR 2,471 (1,539) -62.3% 190 7,197 -24.5% nm 37,945.2x Newfield Exploration NFX 1,958 (3,432) -175.3% 152 8,480 5.1% nm 55,668.4x Average 7,560 (1,698) -56.2% 536 27,168 -19.3% 23.3x 50,645.1x Median 5,333 854 12.2% 394 21,008 -23.8% 20.6x 54,219.3x Presented in $000,000s, as of 3/31/2016 Source: Bloomberg L.P. Appendix B Selected Public Company Information
  • 13. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 12 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy LTM EBITDAX Margin Total Production (MBOE/D) Enterprise Value ($MM) YOY Change in EV EV/ EBITDAX EV/ Total ProductionCompany Name Ticker Revenues ($MM) EBITDAX ($MM) Other North American EP Legacy Reserves LGCY 438 (221) -50.4% 45 1,538 -19.1% nm 33,861.4x EXCO Resources XCO 350 (952) -271.9% na 1,604 -18.5% nm nm EV Energy Partners EVEP 234 (63) -27.0% 32 757 -55.0% nm 23,601.6x Encana Corp. ECA 3,926 (4,175) -106.3% 354 10,398 -28.7% nm 29,403.0x Devon DVN 13,606 (14,391) -105.8% 638 29,384 -26.0% nm 46,048.7x Atlas Resource Partners, L.P. ARP 496 (631) -127.4% 40 1,721 -20.3% nm 42,763.5x Contango Oil Gas MCF 107 (238) -221.7% 13 341 -35.2% nm 25,842.1x US Energy Corp USEG 10 (47) -485.7% na 16 -53.7% nm nm Stone Energy Corp SGY 482 (775) -160.9% 32 1,200 -29.5% nm 37,143.5x Vanguard Natural Resources LLC VNR 522 (1,715) -328.7% 74 2,718 -20.4% nm 36,501.5x Bill Barrett Corp BBG 355 (345) -97.2% 16 1,000 -6.6% nm 63,768.1x Denbury Resources Inc DNR 1,569 (5,516) -351.6% 68 4,026 -35.3% nm 59,446.7x Bonanza Creek Energy Inc BCEI 352 (594) -168.9% 23 955 -51.1% nm 41,546.6x Enerplus ERF 812 (385) -47.5% 94 1,577 -48.9% nm 16,789.3x Presented in $000,000s, as of 3/31/2016 Source: Bloomberg L.P. Appendix B Selected Public Company Information
  • 14. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 13 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy LTM EBITDAX Margin Total Production (MBOE/D) Enterprise Value ($MM) YOY Change in EV EV/ EBITDAX EV/ Total ProductionCompany Name Ticker Revenues ($MM) EBITDAX ($MM) QEP Resources Inc SXL 2,296 (280) -12.2% 143 4,606 -14.4% nm 32,185.6x Abraxas Petroleum Corp. AXAS 69 (134) -193.5% 6 247 -46.2% nm 44,240.0x Arsenal Energy Inc. AEYIF 41 (44) -106.6% na 60 -31.6% nm nm WPX Energy WPX 1,761 (1,115) -63.3% 76 5,322 28.1% nm 69,908.1x EQT EQT 1,919 1,036 54.0% 325 14,977 -8.5% 14.4x 46,090.9x Chesapeake Energy CHK 10,989 (12,560) -114.3% 627 16,489 -26.3% nm 26,287.5x Matador Resources MTDR 325 (637) -195.7% 25 2,043 -2.6% nm 80,690.6x Comstock Resources CRK 223 (821) -368.4% 29 1,162 -12.9% nm 40,710.8x Average 1,858 (2,027) -161.4% 140 4,643 -25.6% 14.4x 41,938.4x Median 460 (613) -120.8% 45 1,590 -26.2% 14.4x 40,710.8x Presented in $000,000s, as of 3/31/2016 Source: Bloomberg L.P. Appendix B Selected Public Company Information
  • 15. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 14 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy Appendix B Selected Public Company Information Focused EP Companies (50% of Production in region) LTM EBITDAX Margin Total Production (MBOE/D) Enterprise Value ($MM) YOY Change in EV EV/ EBITDAX EV/ Total ProductionCompany Name Ticker Revenues ($MM) EBITDAX ($MM) Bakken Continental Resources CLR 2,488 1,458 58.6% 206 18,507 -19.7% 12.7x 89,934.6x Whiting Petroleum Corp WLL 1,862 (1,614) -86.6% 139 6,861 -40.1% nm 49,279.0x Halcon Resources Corp HK 935 (1,963) -210.0% 39 3,196 -33.7% nm 81,537.2x Oasis Petro OAS 740 335 45.4% 49 3,497 -19.3% 10.4x 72,077.4x Crescent Point Energy CPG 2,973 1,925 64.7% 166 10,407 -19.1% 5.4x 62,847.5x Average 1,800 28 -25.6% 120 8,494 -26.4% 9.5x 71,135.1x Median 1,862 335 45.4% 139 6,861 -19.7% 10.4x 72,077.4x Marcellus Utica Range Resources RRC 1,630 (271) -16.6% 235 8,080 -33.0% nm 34,416.2x Cabot Oil and Gas COG 1,232 451 36.6% 281 11,809 -16.1% 26.2x 42,089.5x Rice RICE 763 120 15.7% 119 4,025 -8.1% 33.7x 33,962.4x REX Energy Corp REXX 206 (293) -142.1% 35 958 -11.4% nm 27,379.8x Antero Resources Corp AR 2,540 988 38.9% 282 12,916 -12.7% 13.1x 45,806.4x Eclipse Resources Corp. ECR 293 (616) -210.5% 33 695 -56.3% nm 20,824.2x Gulfport Energy GPOR 690 (1,246) -180.5% 119 3,984 -14.1% nm 33,462.2x Southwestern Energy Co SWN 2,956 (6,668) -225.6% 401 9,716 -38.5% nm 24,216.3x Average 1,289 (942) -85.5% 188 6,523 -23.8% 24.3x 32,769.6x Median 997 (282) -79.4% 177 6,052 -15.1% 26.2x 33,712.3x Presented in $000,000s, as of 3/31/2016 Source: Bloomberg L.P.
  • 16. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 15 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy Appendix B Selected Public Company Information Focused EP Companies (50% of Production in region) LTM EBITDAX Margin Total Production (MBOE/D) Enterprise Value ($MM) YOY Change in EV EV/ EBITDAX EV/ Total ProductionCompany Name Ticker Revenues ($MM) EBITDAX ($MM) Permian Basin Concho CXO 2,397 159 6.6% 140 15,936 -7.9% 100.0x 114,231.0x Callon Petroleum Co CPE 170 (131) -77.0% 12 1,203 34.2% nm 101,542.8x Parsley Energy PEIX 325 179 55.0% 31 4,334 55.8% 24.3x 140,712.9x Diamondback Energy  FANG 539 (463) -85.8% 36 5,989 12.2% nm 164,806.5x  RSP Permian Inc RSPP 353 215 61.0% 26 3,565 42.9% 16.6x 138,946.0x Laredo Petroleum Inc. LPI 821 (2,116) -257.9% 43 3,160 -22.4% nm 73,607.3x Approach Resources Inc AREX 156 (130) -83.7% 13 542 -25.4% nm 42,814.0x Ring Energy REI 31 (21) -66.6% 2 201 -28.5% nm 84,282.9x Pioneer Natural Resources Co. PXD 4,042 1,238 30.6% 224 24,140 -9.4% 19.5x 107,874.9x Cimarex Energy Co. XEC 1,332 (2,688) -201.8% 156 10,032 -12.5% nm 64,382.6x Clayton Williams Energy Inc. CWEI 186 21 11.5% 12 839 -38.1% 39.1x 68,943.2x Energen Corp EGN 878 (1,030) -117.3% 56 4,067 -29.3% nm 72,615.4x Average 936 (397) -60.4% 62 6,167 -2.4% 39.9x 97,896.6x Median 446 (75) -71.8% 34 3,816 -10.9% 24.3x 92,912.9x Presented in $000,000s, as of 3/31/2016 Source: Bloomberg L.P.
  • 17. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 16 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy LTM EBITDAX Margin Total Production (MBOE/D) Enterprise Value ($MM) YOY Change in EV EV/ EBITDAX EV/ Total ProductionCompany Name Ticker Revenues ($MM) EBITDAX ($MM) Eagle Ford Carrizo Oil Gas Inc. CRZO 607 (1,066) -175.7% 38 3,069 -19.2% nm 80,419.1x Baytex Energy BTE 919 (554) -60.3% 69 2,229 -49.9% nm 32,417.0x Earthsone Energy, Inc. ESTE 50 (117) -235.1% 5 173 -37.6% nm 33,647.8x Lonestar Resources LNR 111 52 46.8% 7 350 -6.0% 6.8x 48,814.7x Sanchez Energy SN 611 (596) -97.5% 52 1,780 -27.8% nm 33,976.5x SM Energy (St. Mary Land Exploration) SM 1,324 (35) -2.6% 147 3,840 -37.1% nm 26,134.6x EOG Resources EOG 7,786 (3,621) -46.5% 537 46,228 -16.0% nm 86,008.4x Average 1,630 (848) -81.6% 122 8,238 -27.7% 6.8x 48,774.0x Median 611 (554) -60.3% 52 2,229 -27.8% 6.8x 33,976.5x Focused EP Average 1,311 (566) -65.9% 116 7,073 -17.0% 25.6x 66,687.8x Median 792 (131) -63.5% 54 3,912 -19.3% 18.0x 63,615.1x EP Average 2,311 (1,230) -98.5% 181 8,803 -20.3% 24.4x 56,542.4x Median 816 (286) -84.7% 74 3,912 -21.4% 18.0x 46,090.9x All Average 14,584 261 -89.3% 374 24,455 -18.6% 21.6x 58,374.1x Median 927 (255) -65.0% 106 4,046 -19.5% 14.6x 48,500.0x Presented in $000,000s, as of 3/31/2016 Source: Bloomberg L.P. Appendix B Selected Public Company Information Focused EP Companies (50% of Production in region)
  • 18. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 17 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy Appendix C Production by Region Crude Oil Production Natural Gas Production - 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 M ar-07 Sep-07 M ar-08 Sep-08 M ar-09 Sep-09 M ar-10 Sep-10 M ar-11 Sep-11 M ar-12 Sep-12 M ar-13 Sep-13 M ar-14 Sep-14 M ar-15 Sep-15 M ar-16 ThousandBarrelsperDay Eagle Ford Permian Marecellus Utica Bakken Source: EIA - 4,000 8,000 12,000 16,000 20,000 M ar-07 Sep-07 M ar-08 Sep-08 M ar-09 Sep-09 M ar-10 Sep-10 M ar-11 Sep-11 M ar-12 Sep-12 M ar-13 Sep-13 M ar-14 Sep-14 M ar-15 Sep-15 M ar-16 ThousandCubicFeetperDay Eagle Ford Permian Marecellus Utica Bakken Source: EIA
  • 19. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 18 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy Global Integrated EV/Total Production North American EP EV/Total Production 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 75th Percentile Median 25th Percentile Source: Bloomberg L.P. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 75th Percentile Median 25th Percentile Source: Bloomberg Global EP EV/Total Production 0 20 40 60 80 100 75th Percentile Median 25th Percentile Source: Bloomberg L.P. Appendix D Historical Valuations
  • 20. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 19 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy Eagle Ford EV/Total Production Bakken Rig EV/Total Production Permian Rig EV/Total Production Marcellus Utica EV/Total Production 0 50 100 150 200 250 75th Percentile Median 25th Percentile Source: Bloomberg L.P. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 75th Percentile Median 25th Percentile Source: Bloomberg L.P. 0 50 100 150 200 250 75th Percentile Median 25th Percentile Source: Bloomberg L.P. 0 50 100 150 200 75th Percentile Median 25th Percentile Source: Bloomberg L.P. Appendix D Historical Valuations
  • 21. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 20 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy Mercer Capital’s Energy Indice Stock Performance -150% -100% -50% 0% 50% 100% 150% Global Integrated Global EP Other EP Bakken MU Permian Eagle Ford Appendix E Stock Performance
  • 22. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 21 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy Appendix F Rig Count Rig Count by Region - 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 Apr-10 Sep-10 Feb-11 Jul-11 D ec-11 M ay-12 O ct-12 M ar-13 Aug-13 Jan-14 Jun-14 N ov-14 Apr-15 Sep-15 Feb-16 Bakken Eagle Ford Permian Marcellus Utica Other Source: Baker Hughes Baker Hughes collects and publishes information regarding active drilling rigs in the United States and internationally. The number of active rigs is a key indicator of demand for oilfield services equipment. Factors influencing rig counts include energy prices, investment climate, technological changes, regulatory activity, weather, and seasonality. The number of active rigs in the United States as of March 31, 2016 stood at 477, representing a 57% decrease from the same period in 2015 and a 74% decrease from March 2014.5 The decline reflects a slowdown in activity due to lower oil prices. The Permian remains the most active play for drilling followed by the Eagle Ford. 5 Data provided by Baker Hughes.
  • 23. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 22 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy U.S. Rig Count by Oil vs. Natural Gas 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 M ar-11 Jul-11 N ov-11 M ar-12 Jul-12 N ov-12 M ar-13 Jul-13 N ov-13 M ar-14 Jul-14 N ov-14 M ar-15 Jul-15 N ov-15 M ar-16 Oil Rigs Gas RigsSource: Baker Hughes Appendix F Rig Count U.S. Rig Count by Trajectory 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 M ar-11 Jul-11 N ov-11 M ar-12 Jul-12 N ov-12 M ar-13 Jul-13 N ov-13 M ar-14 Jul-14 N ov-14 M ar-15 Jul-15 N ov-15 M ar-16 Directional Rigs Horizontal Rigs Vertical Rigs Source: Baker Hughes
  • 24. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 23 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy Eagle Ford Rig Count by Oil vs. Natural Gas Bakken Rig Count by Oil vs. Natural Gas Permian Rig Count by Oil vs. Natural Gas Marcellus Utica Rig Count by Oil vs. Natural Gas 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Eagle Ford Oil Rigs Eagle Ford Gas Rigs Source: Baker Hughes 0 50 100 150 200 250 Williston Basin Oil Rigs Williston Basin Gas Rigs Source: Baker Hughes 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Permian Oil Rigs Permian Gas Rigs Source: Baker Hughes 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 M ar-11 Jul-11 N ov-11 M ar-12 Jul-12 N ov-12 M ar-13 Jul-13 N ov-13 M ar-14 Jul-14 N ov-14 M ar-15 Jul-15 N ov-15 M ar-16 MarcellusUtica Oil Rigs Marcellus Utica Gas Rigs Source: Baker Hughes Appendix F Rig Count // Oil vs. Natural Gas
  • 25. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 24 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy Eagle Ford Rig Count by Trajectory Bakken Rig Count by Trajectory Permian Rig Count by Trajectory Marcellus Utica Rig Count by Trajectory 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Eagle Ford Directional Rigs Eagle Ford Horizontal Rigs Eagle Ford Vertical Rigs Source: Baker Hughes 0 50 100 150 200 250 Williston Basin Directional Rigs Williston Basin Horizontal Rigs Williston Basin Vertical Rigs Source: Baker Hughes 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Permian Directional Rigs Permian Horizontal Rigs Permian Vertical Rigs Source: Baker Hughes 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Marcellus Utica Directional Rigs Marcellus Utica Horizontal Rigs Marcellus Utica Vertical Rigs Source: Baker Hughes Appendix F Rig Count // Trajectory
  • 26. © 2016 Mercer Capital // Business Valuation Financial Advisory Services // www.mercercapital.com 25 Mercer Capital’s Value Focus: EP Industry // First Quarter 2016 @MercerEnergy Appendix G U.S. Oil and Gas Resources U.S. Crude Oil and Lease Condensate Proved Reserves Map 2014 U.S. Wet Natural Gas Proved Reserves Map 2014 The EIA’s Annual Survey of Oil and Gas Reserves is available in November. The most recent data available was used.
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