ME-Project power point presentationnnnnn

1. HIGH PERFORMANCE
SIW ANTENNA DESIGN
FOR ISM BAND
APPLICATIONS
Guided by
Mr. M. Krishna Kumar M.E., (Ph.D),
HoD/ECE
Prepared by
R.Sudharsan B.E.,
(950322401008)

2. OBJ ECTIVE(S)
o To design, simulate, and experimentally analyze a slot
antenna utilizing the Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)
technique
o To make the designed antenna to resonate at ISM BAND
frequency
o To achieve superior performance metrics thereby
addressing the stringent requirements of modern
communication and radar systems operating in the
Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band

3. INTRODUCTION
o Antennas serve as vital components in telecommunications,
converting electrical signals into electromagnetic waves for
transmission or reception, facilitating various applications like
radio communication, television broadcasting, radar systems,
and wireless networks.
o The design and performance of antennas are governed by
fundamental parameters such as frequency and radiation
pattern. Various antenna types, including dipole, Yagi-Uda,
patch, parabolic reflector, and horn antennas, cater to
different applications, each with unique design
considerations.

4. CONTD …..
o The Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) structure
represents an innovative technology in microwave and
millimeter-wave engineering, offering a compact and cost-
effective alternative for high-frequency applications. It
combines the benefits of traditional waveguide antennas
with planar technology, enabling efficient integration with
other components.

5. LITERATURE
REVIEW
S.N
o
Name of the Paper Author Inference
1 Designing and simulating
substrate integrated
waveguide (SIW) and SIW
antennas using the HFSS
electromagnetic solver.
Dipika Sharma Focus was on SIW slotted
and leaky wave antennas,
they optimize
performance by analyzing
return loss and radiation
pattern.
2 Dual-band semi-hexagonal
slot antenna backed by
Substrate Integrated
Waveguide (SIW) for
WLAN/WBAN applications.
Devabhaktuni Madhavi It achieved 50% size
reduction while
maintaining frequency,
suitable for on-body and
wearable applications.
3 Compact triple-band half-
mode substrate integrated
waveguide (HMSIW) antenna
designed for wireless medical
devices.
Zahraa Taha Operating at 3.25 GHz,
5.94 GHz, and 6.5 GHz, it
maintained excellent
performance with
significant size reduction.

6. S.N
o
Title Author Inference
4 Novel wearable substrate
integrated waveguide
antenna using entirely
textile materials.
R. Moro The antenna prioritized
low-profile, lightweight,
flexible, and robust
features for on-body
use.
5 Developing reconfigurable
antennas for 5G
applications using substrate
integrated waveguide (SIW)
technology.
Imane Serhsouh Showcased effective
fixed-frequency beam
scanning at 27.25 GHz.

7. PROPOSED SYSTEM
o The aim is to develop a comprehensive system for designing
and optimizing substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antennas,
catering to various microwave and millimeter-wave
applications.
o For designing advanced electromagnetic simulation software
HFSS is utilized for accurate modeling and simulation of SIW
antennas, enabling precise optimization of design parameters.

8. o The next aim is to Identify specific frequency bands relevant
to the target application, considering factors such as
regulatory requirements, communication standards, and
operational constraints.
o Main focus is to design SIW structures tailored to the desired
frequency band, considering parameters such as substrate
material, dimensions, vias placement, and feeding techniques
to achieve optimal performance

9. DESIGN
Model Creation in HFSS:
o Utilize the HFSS 3D modeler to create the physical model for
analysis.
o The parametric nature of the 3D modeler allows for variability
in geometric dimensions and material properties, facilitating
tuning and exploration of design parameters.
o Alternatively, imported 3D structures from mechanical drawing
packages can be used, but these lack parameterization unless
manually modified within HFSS.

10. Physical structure of the SIW transmission line

11. DIAGRAM
Antenna designed using HFSS

12. o In the SIW antenna, the maximum current is flowing complete
the upper side.
o This feeding technique allows for controlled excitation of the
SIW antenna, enabling the desired radiation pattern and
impedance matching.
o In SIW antenna design, the term "inset feed" typically refers to
feeding the SIW structure with a microstrip line or other
feeding mechanisms by making an opening (inset) in the SIW
structure.

13. o Inset feeding minimizes radiation losses.
o Inset feeding offers opportunities to enhance isolation
between adjacent antenna elements in array configurations.
o Inset feed is controlled by the inset gap and inset length
o The inset feed’s length is 0.3mm and gap is 0.075mm.

14. RESULTS
RETURN LOSS

15. o This is called as the return loss plot.
o S11 curve obtained for the SIW antenna has a dip that is the
central operating frequency of the antenna.
o The operating frequency of the antenna was found to be 24.2
GHz. The s11 measured at this frequency was -29.4 dB.

16. RADIATION PATTERN

17. o Radiation pattern determines how an antenna radiates.
o If the antenna is said to be isotropic with high directivity, then
it radiates in all directions.
o The 3D plot is plotted between the power and the relative
strength of the antenna. A
o n omni-directional antenna which radiates power uniformly in
one plane with a directive pattern shape in a perpendicular
plane. This pattern is often described as “Doughnut shaped”.
The higher frequency may introduce the deformations in the
radiation pattern.

18. o VSWR

19. o VSWR is a measure of how efficiently power is transmitted
from the transmitter to the antenna and then to the load (or
vice versa in the case of receiving). It is calculated as the ratio
of the maximum voltage to the minimum voltage along the
transmission line. Higher VSWR values indicate poorer
matching and greater signal loss due to reflections
o Fig 7.2: Visualization of radiation pattern for SIW Antenna
o A zero dip at 24.2GHz suggests that at this frequency, the
antenna exhibits a perfect impedance match with the
transmission line, resulting in minimal signal reflections and
maximum power transfer efficiency.

20. o RADIATION EFFICIENCY, DIRECTIVITY FRONT TO BACK RATIO
AND POWER

21. o High Radiation Efficiency:
o At 24.2GHz, the SIW antenna boasts an impressive 98.76% radiation
efficiency.
o This efficiency ensures optimal conversion of input power into radiated
electromagnetic waves, minimizing energy losses.
o Effective Power Transmission:
o Emitting 952.3W of radiated power into free space, the antenna
demonstrates efficient power transmission.
o With an accepted power of 964.3W, including absorbed and reflected
power, the antenna effectively captures and utilizes electromagnetic
energy.

22. o Front-to-Back Ratio:
o The antenna exhibits a front-to-back ratio of 23.139, emphasizing its
directional radiation capabilities.
o This ratio highlights the antenna's ability to focus radiation towards the
desired direction while minimizing unwanted radiation, enhancing
signal reception and system performance.
o Enhanced Directivity and Gain:
o With a directivity of 2.6654 dB and a peak gain of 2.6323dB, the SIW
antenna concentrates radiation effectively.
o These characteristics amplify signal strength and coverage in specific
directions, improving communication range and efficiency.

23. CONCLUSION
o Investigated design, simulation, and experimental analysis of 24GHz slot
antenna using SIW technique.
o Results confirm suitability for ISM band applications.
o Employed innovative inset feed technique and rigorous optimization.
o Demonstrated high radiation efficiency, significant power, and excellent
directivity.
o Notable front-to-back ratio, directivity, and peak gain minimize interference.
o Ensured optimal power utilization and robust handling capabilities.
o Validates SIW slot antenna for high-frequency communication and radar
technologies.
o Opportunities exist for further refinement and innovation in SIW-based
antenna solutions.

24. REFERENCES
o [1] Dipika Sharma, Sudarshan Kumar and Sonu Kumar, “Design
and Simulation of Substrate Integrated Waveguide and
Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antennas”, IOSR Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering., vol. 15, no. 2,
pp.18–24, Apr. 2020.
o [2] Devabhaktuni Madhavi and Jagadeesh Dokuparthi, “Dual-
band Semi-Hexagonal Slot Antenna Backed by SIW for
WLAN/WBAN Applications”, Progress in Electromagnetics
Research, vol. 121, pp. 221 – 232, 2022.

25. o [3] Zahraa Taha, Hafsa Jassim, Ikhlas Farhan and Anas Ahmed,
“Design and Implementation of Triple Band Half Mode
Substrate Integrated Waveguide (HMSIW) Antenna with
Compact Size”, Journal of ICT Research Applications, vol. 15,
no. 2, pp. 120 – 138, 2021.
o [4] R. Moro, S. Agneessens, H. Rogier and M. Bozzi, “Wearable
Textile Antenna in SIW Technology”, Electronics Letters, Wiley,
pp. 985 – 987, 2012.

26. o [5] Mariam El Gharbi, Saida Ahyoud, Noura Aknin, “Analysis
on the Effects of Human Body on the Performance of
Wearable Textile Antenna in SIW Technology”, GMC ElecEng,
pp. 51 – 55, 2020.
o [6] Imane Serhsouh, Mohamed Himdi, Hassab Lebbar,
Hamsakutty Vettikalladi, “Reconfigurable SIW Antenna for
Fixed Frequency Beam Scanning and 5G Applications”, IEEE
Access, vol. 8, pp. 60084 – 60089, 2020.

27. THANK YOU