Melissa Torres Occupation: Paralegal Benincasa Law Firm 1946 16th Ave, Vero Beach, Fl 32960 (772) 299-4511 6:30 AM Wake Up 7:00 AM Done getting ready 7:10 AM Make coffee 7:15 AM Leave for work 8:00 AM Arrive to work 8:15 AM Check emails 8:45 AM Discuss the plan for the day 9:00AM Call clients for personal information 9:30 AM Organize case files 1:00 PM Lunch break 2:00 PM Meeting to go over progress 4:45 PM Call clients for any updates 5:50 PM Meet with lawyer on completed tasks and discuss next day assignment 6:10 PM Leave work 6:50 PM Arrive home 7:00 PM Cook/eat dinner 8:15 PM Shower 9:20 PM Spend time with family 10:00 PM Get ready for bed 10:30 PM Go to sleep SIDE NOTES By: Jessica Barrera  Sometimes she would not have enough time to eat. She would eat a fruit at her desk.  The receptionist is the person she would communicate the most throughout her day.  On average she would work 40 to 45 hours a week.  Sometimes after leaving work, she would have time to hang out with friends at the gym.  On the weekends she would go to church and spend time with her significant other. A black box is a point of connection or linkage between two components. Select one: a. False b. True All operating systems are open source; in other words, they are based on open, published source code that can be modified and improved by anyone. Select one: a. True b. False Which of the following is not an example of a common interface? Select one: a. The user communicates directly with the hardware. b. The user communicates with the application program. c. The application program communicates with the operating system. d. The operating system communicates with the hardware. Viewing each layer of abstraction as an independent black box is useful because it allows you to work with the layers one at a time. Select one: a. True b. False Inter-computer communication is enabled by __________ software installed on both machines. Select one: a. device management b. communication services c. Inter-computer communication is enabled by hardware, not software. d. processor management All application programs access the hardware through the __________ following rules imposed by the __________. Select one: a. operating system/interface b. interface/interface c. interface/operating system d. operating system/operating system Because different brands of computers often imply different hardware, the operating system routines that communicate directly with the hardware might be quite different, but the routines that interface with the application program present a consistent __________ to the programs running on both machines. Select one: a. platform b. open base c. proprietary base d. The premise of this question is false. A service is a hardware link activated by the operating system. Select one: a. False b. True Some operating systems are __________; in other words, they are based on published code that can be modified an ...

1. Melissa Torres
Occupation: Paralegal
Benincasa Law Firm
1946 16th Ave, Vero Beach, Fl 32960
(772) 299-4511
6:30 AM
Wake Up
7:00 AM
Done getting
ready
7:10 AM
Make coffee
7:15 AM
Leave for
work
8:00 AM
Arrive to
work
8:15 AM
Check emails

2. 8:45 AM
Discuss the
plan for the
day
9:00AM
Call clients for
personal
information
9:30 AM
Organize
case files
1:00 PM
Lunch break
2:00 PM
Meeting to
go over
progress
4:45 PM
Call clients
for any
updates
5:50 PM
Meet with
lawyer on
completed
tasks and

3. discuss next
day
assignment
6:10 PM
Leave work
6:50 PM
Arrive home
7:00 PM
Cook/eat
dinner
8:15 PM
Shower
9:20 PM
Spend time
with family
10:00 PM
Get ready
for bed
10:30 PM
Go to sleep
SIDE NOTES
By: Jessica Barrera
ld not have enough time to eat. She would

4. eat a fruit at her
desk.
most throughout her
day.
e to hang
out with friends at
the gym.
her significant
other.
A black box is a point of connection or linkage between two
components.
Select one:
a. False
b. True
All operating systems are open source; in other words, they are
based on open, published source code that can be modified and
improved by anyone.
Select one:
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not an example of a common
interface?
Select one:
a. The user communicates directly with the hardware.
b. The user communicates with the application program.

5. c. The application program communicates with the operating
system.
d. The operating system communicates with the hardware.
Viewing each layer of abstraction as an independent black box
is useful because it allows you to work with the layers one at a
time.
Select one:
a. True
b. False
Inter-computer communication is enabled by __________
software installed on both machines.
Select one:
a. device management
b. communication services
c. Inter-computer communication is enabled by hardware, not
software.
d. processor management
All application programs access the hardware through the
__________ following rules imposed by the __________.
Select one:
a. operating system/interface
b. interface/interface
c. interface/operating system
d. operating system/operating system
Because different brands of computers often imply different
hardware, the operating system routines that communicate
directly with the hardware might be quite different, but the
routines that interface with the application program present a
consistent __________ to the programs running on both
machines.
Select one:
a. platform

6. b. open base
c. proprietary base
d. The premise of this question is false.
A service is a hardware link activated by the operating system.
Select one:
a. False
b. True
Some operating systems are __________; in other words, they
are based on published code that can be modified and improved
by anyone.
Select one:
a. proprietary
b. transparent
c. open source
d. standardized
The user communicates with the application program, the
application program communicates with the operating system,
and the operating system communicates with the hardware.
Select one:
a. False
b. True
One way to increase processing speed is to move program
instructions and data from memory to the processor more
quickly. To help accomplish this objective, many computers
contain a block of high-speed __________.
Select one:
a. cache memory
b. RAM
c. ROM
d. registers

7. Certain functions are common to almost all types of input and
output. On a microcomputer, they are performed by each
interface; in effect, they are duplicated for each device on the
system. On larger machines, these common functions are
assigned to a __________.
Select one:
a. interface board
b. channel
c. coprocessor
d. control unit
Data typically move between a disk’s surface and memory a
__________ at a time.
Select one:
a. sector
b. cylinder
c. logical record
d. track
An instruction is fetched by the instruction control unit during
__________ and executed by the arithmetic and logic unit
during __________.
Select one:
a. F-time/E-time
b. E-time/I-time
c. The premise of this question is false.
d. I-time/E-time
A__________ can be read, but not written.
Select one:
a. RAM
b. ROM
c. flash memory
d. core
When you __________ memory, you do not change the contents.

8. When you __________ memory you destroy the old contents.
Select one:
a. access/read
b. write/access
c. write/read
d. read/write
On a mainframe, device-dependent functions are implemented
through ___________.
Select one:
a. the main processor
b. I/O control units
c. channels
d. coprocessors
RAM is considered __________ because it loses its contents
when the power is cut.
Select one:
a. volatile
b. none of the above
c. fast
d. permanent
Many modern computer applications utilize __________, mixing
text, graphics, sound, animations, and other elements to form an
integrated, interactive environment.
Select one:
a. accelerator boards
b. multiple programs
c. multimedia
d. the Internet
Unlike a diskette drive, a hard disk spins constantly. This
reduces __________.
Select one:
a. rotational delay

9. b. storage capacity
c. cost
d. seek time
Often, the key to finding the correct record on a traditional file
is the __________.
Select one:
a. relative record number
b. index
c. disk directory
d. none of the above
A(n) __________ reads source statements, translates each one
into one or more machine-level instructions, and generates a
complete object module.
Select one:
a.
interpreter
nd B
b. linkage editor
c. assembler
d. compiler
A(n) __________ works with one source statement at a time,
reading it, translating it to machine-level, executing the
resulting binary instructions, and then moving on to the next
source statement.
Select one:
a. compiler
b. none of the above
c. interpreter
d. non-procedural language

10. When the same data are recorded in two or more independent
files, those data are said to be _________.
Select one:
a. reentrant
b. wrong
c. inefficient
d. redundant
A key part of the solution to both the data redundancy and data
dependency problems is organizing the data as a single,
integrated __________.
Select one:
a. database
b. object
c. file
d. structure
A program stored in memory must be in __________ form.
Select one:
a. binary
b. byte
c. word
d. source
A(n) __________ program consists of a series of logical
modules linked by a control structure
Select one:
a. compiled
b. object-oriented
c. assembled
d. structured
The way you use a telephone book is a good example of

11. __________ access.
Select one:
a. database
b. file
c. direct, or random, access
d. sequential
A(n) __________ is a special type of linked list in which
insertions occur at the rear and deletions occur at the front of
the list.
Select one:
a. stack
b. file
c. array
d. queue
When a program’s logic is tied to its physical data structure,
changing that structure will almost certainly require changing
the program, a problem called data __________.
Select one:
a. dependency
b. structuring
c. The premise of this question is false.
d. redundancy
The operating system responds to a __________ by converting
it to the appropriate physical commands and communicating
those commands from the operating system to the hardware.
Select one:
a. either A or B
b. neither A nor B
c. physical I/O request
d. logical I/O request

12. Because a channel and the computer are independent, the main
processor has no way of knowing when an I/O operation is
completed unless the channel tells it. Thus as the last character
of data flows across the channel, the channel processor sends
the main processor an electronic signal called a(n) __________.
Select one:
a. control signal
b. I/O signal
c. The premise of this question is false.
d. interrupt
A 16-bit machine can access more than 64 KB if addresses are
broken into two or more parts and transmitted during successive
__________.
Select one:
a. machine cycles
b. logical I/O operations
c. instructions
d. physical I/O operations
Many personal computers feature a local I/O bus that follows
the __________ standard and a slower __________ bus.
Select one:
a. ISA (industry standard architecture)
b. neither A nor B
c. both A and B
d. PCI (peripheral component interconnect)
The interface that controls a peripheral device is limited to a
few __________ operations.
Select one:
a. logical

13. b. primitive
c. physical
d. machine language
It is possible to plug a scanner, a mouse, a modem, and other
serial devices into a __________ hub and then plug the hub into
a single port that connects all those devices to the system.
Select one:
a. SCSI (small computer system interface)
b. serial
c. USB (universal serial bus)
d. parallel
On many mainframes, the process of translating a logical I/O
request to physical form is performed by a(n) __________.
Select one:
a. port
b. interface
c. bus
d. access method
Most microcomputers are constructed around a(n) __________,
a metal framework that contains a series of slots.
Select one:
a. bus
b. interface
c. motherboard
d. controller
An instruction is fetched and executed during __________.
Select one:
a. E-time
b. I-time
c. a fetch
d. a machine cycle

14. A computer’s internal components are physically linked by a
__________, a ribbon-like set of electrical lines (or wires) that
carries several bits at a time, in parallel.
Select one:
a. interface
b. byte
c. word
d. bus
Primitive I/O commands are sent to an external device by the
__________.
Select one:
a. IOCS
b. communication system
c. file system
d. command language
A user communicates with __________ by typing brief, cryptic
commands.
Select one:
a. a command line interface or shell
b. The premise of this question is false.
c. the file system
d. the IOCS
By creating a __________, a user can cause a series of
command language commands to be executed in sequence.
Select one:
a. source file
b. batch file
c. command file
d. primitive file
Loading the operating system from scratch is called
__________.
Select one:

15. a. a boot
b. a cold boot
c. a warm boot
d. initialization
The __________ communicates directly with hardware.
Select one:
a. all of the above
b. file system
c. command processor
d. IOCS
The Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows both feature a
__________ that presents the user with a selection of windows,
icons, and menus.
Select one:
a. menu interface
b. Web-form interface
c. graphical user interface (GUI)
d. none of the above
A single logical record that extends over two or more physical
records is called a __________.
Select one:
a. The premise of this question is false.
b. block
c. cluster
d. spanned record
A __________ is the unit of data processed by a single iteration
of an application program.
Select one:
a. logical record
b. relative record
c. physical record

16. d. record
When a file is __________, the file system reads the directory,
finds the file’s directory entry, extracts the file’s start address,
and (sometimes) reads all or part of the file.
Select one:
a. accessed
b. created
c. closed
d. opened
A __________ does NOT indicate where (or how) the data is
physically storeD.
Select one:
a. logical I/O request
b. both A and B
c. neither A nor B
d. physical I/O request
On a segmented system, the dynamically expanded address
consists of __________.
Select one:
a. neither A nor B
b. a displacement
c. both A and B
d. a segment number
Loading only currently active pages is the underlying principle
behind modern __________ systems.
Select one:
a. virtual memory
b. paged
c. multiprogramming
d. segmented
__________ is the elapsed time between job submission and job

17. completion.
Select one:
a. none of the above
b. Turnaround
c. Response time
d. Throughput
The virtual machine concept calls for multiprogramming or
time-sharing at the __________ level.
Select one:
a. regiion
b. partition
c. application program
d. operating system
During idle periods, the operating system’s __________ module
reads data from such slow devices as terminal keyboards and
stores them on a highspeed medium such as disk. Later, when
the program is loaded, its input data can be read from high-
speed disk.
Select one:
a. dispatching
b. spooling
c. queuing
d. scheduling
The simplest approach to managing memory for multiple,
concurrent programs, fixed-partition memory management,
divides the available space into fixedlength __________ each of
which holds one program.
Select one:
a. clusters
b. regions
c. segments
d. partitions

18. With dynamic memory management, over time, little chunks of
unused space are spread throughout memory, creating a
__________ problem.
Select one:
a. response time
b. fragmentation
c. segmentation
d. throughput
Until the program is in memory, it has no __________ priority.
Once in memory, its __________ priority is no longer relevant.
Select one:
a. external/internal
b. scheduling/dispatching
c. internal/external
d. The location of a program has no effect on its priority.
__________ is concerned with managing the computer’s
available pool of memory, allocating space to application
routines and making sure that they do not interfere with each
other.
Select one:
a. Memory protection
b. Processor management
c. The IOCS
d. Memory management
When a virtual address points to a page that is not in real
memory, a(n) __________ is recognized and a page-in (or swap-
in) operation begins.
Select one:
a. interrupt
b. page interrupt
c. polling signal
d. page fault

19. Stacy Honowitz, a prosecutor specializing in sex crimes,
describes her occupation as "quite daunting to know that you
hold someone's liberty in your hands every day". She talks
about sleepless nights during trials, and the "huge sense of
responsibility" that she has to the public. I really enjoyed
reading these excerpts from her article in the Huffington Post
because I feel that prosecutors are sometimes not seen as
individuals the way that defense attorneys are. As Honowitz put
it, "Everyone seems to lump prosecutors together and refer to
them as "the government". Prosecutors like Stacy are under a lot
of pressure to get it right. A prosecutors biggest fear is
wrongfully convicting an innocent person. Their days and nights
are filled with pretrial meetings with victims, phone
conversations with witnesses, and of course sorting through
evidence and building a case.
A prosecutor's typical day will vary based on case load and
complexity of the cases. Some prosecutors may enjoy a typical
eight hour work day, while others that are in a period of trial
preparation can expect to work longer extended hours to include
nights and weekends. Many prosecutors even spend thier free
time thinking about their case and brainstorming or strategizing.
One district attorney shared a glimpse of a typical day in thier
life on vault.com which I will show below.
9:00 a.m.: Arrive at office, check emails, and get files and
paperwork for court.
10:00 a.m.: Arrive at court for multiple issues, including an
arraignment for a burglary case and hearings for drug
possession cases, a money laundering case, and an attempted
murder case. Speak with court clerks while clients arrive and
judge hears various issues.
12:15 p.m.: Meet opposing counsel for plea bargain agreement
for drug possession case.

20. 1:00 p.m.: Quick lunch at desk while looking over emails and
making phone calls. Wait for witness to show up at 2:00.
2:00 p.m.: Witness doesn't show. Work on research for motion
on attempted murder case involving Fourth Amendment right of
seizure.
3:00 p.m.: Brief interview with police officers on felony assault
case.
3:30 p.m.: Witness for 2:00 finally shows up with father and
sister. Conduct fact-finding issue on domestic violence case.
Witness recants some testimony and father pressures her not to
testify against her husband, leaving ADA uncertain as to
strength of case.
4:45 p.m.: Contact court clerks regarding hearing status of
various cases.
5:10 p.m.: Review documents for money laundering case, and
call witnesses and corporate officers for interviews in the next
few days.
6:15 p.m.: Head home.
I though that this timeline illustrated the district attorney's day
well, and I noticed a few things that surprised me. There was a
lot of work crammed into a 9 hour day, and his/her lunch break
wasnt much of a break at all. Looking over emails and making
phone calls WHILE eating lunch. I also thought that the amount
of cases that he/she was juggling was profound. Four cases, all
presumably at different stages of the process must be exhausting
to manage. And lastly, I admired the prosecutors ability to adapt
and stay productive when the witness was a no-show for the
2:00 meeting. After doing my research for this assignment, I

21. definitely have more respect for the men and women who work
within the criminal justice court system.