IT questions and answers

1. Multiple Choice Questions (1 marks each)
1. Which among following can be considered as most advanced ROM ?
a. DRAM
b. EEPROM
c. RAM
d. PROM
2. An exception condition in a computer system caused by an event external to the CPU is
known as ?
a. Halt
b. Process
c. Interrupt
d. None of above
3. Which technique is used that identifies the highest priority resource by means of
software?
a. Daisy chaining
b. Polling
c. Priority
d. Chaining
4. What will be the output of following program ?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a=15;
float b=1.234;
printf("%*f",a,b);
return 0;
}
a. 1.234
b. 1.234000
c. 1.234000
d. ERROR
5. Break statement is used for
a. Quit a program
b. Quit the current iteration
c. Both of above

2. d. None of above
6. What is the frequency range of the IEEE 802.11g standard?
a. 2.4Gbps
b. 5Gbps
c. 2.4GHz
d. 5GHz
7. Your office currently runs a mix of 802.11b and 802.11g clients. Rumor has it that your
company is about to merge with another company that uses a different wireless
technology. Which of the following would be compatible with what your WLAN
currently runs?
a. 802.11a
b. 802.11n
c. Bluetooth
d. WiMAX
8. One byte equals to how many bits ?
a. 4 bits
b. 8 bits
c. 12 bits
d. 16 bits
9. The output quality of a printer is measured by ?
a. Dots per line
b. Dots printed per unit time
c. Dots per inch
d. All of the above
10. In Linux a user can load or upload
a. I/O Modules
b. I/O Devices
c. Kernel Modules
d. File Base I/O

3. OPEN QUESTION
1. The Central Processing Unit or CPU can be thought as the brain of the computer which has
three main components: the arithmetic-logic unit (ALU), control unit and on-board cache
memory. Briefly explain Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) and Control unit (CU). (2 marks)
Ans:
Control unit: The control unit is responsible for loading and interpreting the individual
instructions that comprise the computer program. These instructions are in a language
called machine code. Machine code is a pattern of ones and zeros. The control unit also
has the task of getting the data needed by the instructions and returning the results of the
processing after the instruction has been executed.
Arithmetic-logic unit: The ALU is responsible for carrying out arithmetic operations such
as addition and subtraction as well as logical decisions such as whether one number is
bigger than another. All programs consist of complex sets of arithmetic and logical
operations. Another way of thinking of a logical operation is as a decision making
operation.
2. Briefly explain three kinds of permissions under Linux (3 Marks)
Ans:
Read: users may read the files or list the directory
Write: users may write to the file of new files to the directory
Execute: users may run the file or lookup a specific file within a directory
3. By using clear examples differentiate between Data file to Program file (4 marks)
Ans:
The work you prepare and save on the computer, such as a Word document, is held in the
computer as a document file referred to as Data file.
The application that you use to prepare your work, such as Microsoft Word, is itself another
type of file referred to as Program file.
4. Write a C program to find the factorial value of a number. Also write the algorithm and
draw flowchart. (10 marks)

4. Ans.
Program
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int n,i,fact=1;
printf("Enter any number : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for(i=1; i<=n; i++)
fact = fact * i;
printf("Factorial value of %d = %d",n,fact);
return 0;
}
Algorithm
Step 1. Start
step 2. Read the number n
step 3. [Initialize]
i=1, fact=1
step 4. Repeat step 4 through 6 until i=n
step 5. fact=fact*i
step 6. i=i+1
step 7. Print fact
step 8. Stop

5. Flowchart
False
True
5. A computer network means where a number of computers are linked together and allows
them to share resources, exchange files, or allow electronic communications.
a. Describe Hub, Switch and Router as network devices? (3marks)
Hub: Hub will broadcast all data to every port. It has a common connection
point for all devices.
Switch: Switch will create the dynamic connection and provide information to
the requesting port.
Start
Read n
I = 1
Fact = 1
Is I <= n?
I = I + 1
Fact = fact*i
Stop
Print fact

6. Router: Router is the devices which will be responsible for forwarding data
packets.
b. State and Describe three key elements of the protocol? (3 marks)
Syntax: Describe the format of the data.
Semantics: Describes the meaning of each section.
Timings: Explain the timing that how fast the data can be sent
c. A network management system (NMS) is an application or set of applications
that lets network administrators to manage a network's independent components
inside a bigger network management framework. NMS may be used to monitor
both software and hardware components in a network. Describe five broad
categories of a network management system. (5 marks)
Configuration Management: The configuration management deals with the
status of each entity in the network and its relation to other entities.
Fault Management: The fault is defined as the abnormal condition in the
system. The fault management deals with the proper operation of the
individual components of a complex network.
Performance Management: The performance management monitors and
controls the network to ensure that it is running as efficiently as possible.
Security Management: Security management is responsible for controlling
access to the network based on the predefined policy.
Accounting Management: Accounting management is the control of users’
access to network resources through charges. Under accounting
management, individual users, departments, divisions, or projects are
charged for the services they receive from the network.
6. Briefly explain Disk partition, Disk clean up, Disk Defragmentation, Partition shrinking
and Extending partition. (5marks)
Ans:
Disk partition is a process of dividing a hard disk drive into several partitions.
Disk clean up is a computer maintenance utility designed to free up disk space on a
computer's hard drive by removing unnecessary files, including temporary files and
thumbnails.
Disk Defragmentation is the process of consolidating fragmented files on the hard drive
by removing free space between files.
Partition shrinking is the process of getting an unallocated space and to create or extend
partition on hard drive.
Extending partition is the process of adding more space to existing primary partitions and
logical drives.

7. 7. Backup refers to the process of making copies of data or data files to use in the event the
original data or data files are lost or destroyed. Differentiate Full Backup to Differential
backup. (2 marks)
a. Full backup is a method of backup where all the files and folders
selected for the backup will be backed up
b. Differential backup is a backup of all changes made since the last
full backup. With differential backups, one full backup is done first
and subsequent backup runs are the changes made since the last full
backup.
8. Database Management system is a collection of application programs which allow the user
to organize, restore and retrieve information about data efficiently and as effectively as
possible. Differentiate Normalization and De-Normalization in database. (3 marks)
Normalization is the process of removing redundant data from the database by splitting
the table in a well-defined manner in order to maintain data integrity. This process saves
much of the storage space.
De-normalization is the process of adding up redundant data on the table in order to speed
up the complex queries and thus achieve better performance.