Marijuana is a green or gray mixture of dried shredded flowers, seeds, stems and leaves of the cannabis plant. Chemical components like THC, hashish, hash oil and Sinsemilla are present in marijuana. http://www.herbalmission.org/
Catheranthus roseus is a flowering plant belongs to the family Apocyanaceae. A number of alkaloids present in the plant parts and are medicinally useful.
This document provides information supporting the legalization of medical marijuana in Oklahoma. It begins by outlining common medical conditions that can be aided by marijuana such as AIDS, glaucoma, anxiety, insomnia, and chronic pain. It then discusses that smoking marijuana does not directly cause lung cancer, and vaporizers can provide the benefits without smoke inhalation. The document also notes that THC, which produces the "high" feeling, is not the main chemical providing medical benefits. It provides examples of sativa, indica, and hybrid marijuana strains and their effects. It concludes with stories of family members who could benefit from legal medical marijuana and historical facts about past U.S. presidents who supported or used marijuana.
The document discusses ISO 9001, a quality management standard. It describes ISO 9001's requirements and benefits, including improved customer satisfaction, staff motivation, and continual improvement. A quality management system based on ISO 9001 provides a framework for organizations to monitor and improve performance. Certification involves an external audit to verify an organization's quality management system meets ISO 9001's requirements.
This document provides an overview of ISO 9001:2008. It discusses that ISO 9001 is an international standard for quality management systems. It was created by the International Organization for Standardization to standardize quality systems globally. The standard is based on several quality management principles like customer focus, leadership, involvement of people, and continual improvement. It outlines the requirements for a quality management system, which organizations can implement on a voluntary basis and get certified by external registrars. The standard uses a process approach and is based on Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle of continual improvement.
The document provides information about ISO and ISO standards. It discusses:
- ISO is an independent international organization that develops voluntary standards to ensure products/services are safe and of good quality.
- ISO 9001 provides requirements for a quality management system to ensure customer satisfaction. ISO 14001 provides requirements for an environmental management system.
- Certification to the standards by an independent body verifies an organization's management system meets the standard's requirements but certification is not required to implement the standards.
Cannabis sativa is an annual herbaceous flowering plant indigenous to Eastern Asia but now of cosmopolitan distribution due to widespread cultivation.[1] It has been cultivated throughout recorded history, used as a source of industrial fiber, seed oil, food, recreation, religious and spiritual moods and medicine. Each part of the plant is harvested differently, depending on the purpose of its use. The species was first classified by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.[2] The word "sativa" means things that are cultivated.
Catheranthus roseus is a flowering plant belongs to the family Apocyanaceae. A number of alkaloids present in the plant parts and are medicinally useful.
This document provides information supporting the legalization of medical marijuana in Oklahoma. It begins by outlining common medical conditions that can be aided by marijuana such as AIDS, glaucoma, anxiety, insomnia, and chronic pain. It then discusses that smoking marijuana does not directly cause lung cancer, and vaporizers can provide the benefits without smoke inhalation. The document also notes that THC, which produces the "high" feeling, is not the main chemical providing medical benefits. It provides examples of sativa, indica, and hybrid marijuana strains and their effects. It concludes with stories of family members who could benefit from legal medical marijuana and historical facts about past U.S. presidents who supported or used marijuana.
The document discusses ISO 9001, a quality management standard. It describes ISO 9001's requirements and benefits, including improved customer satisfaction, staff motivation, and continual improvement. A quality management system based on ISO 9001 provides a framework for organizations to monitor and improve performance. Certification involves an external audit to verify an organization's quality management system meets ISO 9001's requirements.
This document provides an overview of ISO 9001:2008. It discusses that ISO 9001 is an international standard for quality management systems. It was created by the International Organization for Standardization to standardize quality systems globally. The standard is based on several quality management principles like customer focus, leadership, involvement of people, and continual improvement. It outlines the requirements for a quality management system, which organizations can implement on a voluntary basis and get certified by external registrars. The standard uses a process approach and is based on Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle of continual improvement.
The document provides information about ISO and ISO standards. It discusses:
- ISO is an independent international organization that develops voluntary standards to ensure products/services are safe and of good quality.
- ISO 9001 provides requirements for a quality management system to ensure customer satisfaction. ISO 14001 provides requirements for an environmental management system.
- Certification to the standards by an independent body verifies an organization's management system meets the standard's requirements but certification is not required to implement the standards.
Cannabis sativa is an annual herbaceous flowering plant indigenous to Eastern Asia but now of cosmopolitan distribution due to widespread cultivation.[1] It has been cultivated throughout recorded history, used as a source of industrial fiber, seed oil, food, recreation, religious and spiritual moods and medicine. Each part of the plant is harvested differently, depending on the purpose of its use. The species was first classified by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.[2] The word "sativa" means things that are cultivated.
Overview Bruce Banner is an award-winning sativa-dominant hybrid th.docxLacieKlineeb
Overview: Bruce Banner is an award-winning sativa-dominant hybrid that’s one of the most popular cannabis strains sold at dispensaries in America. This incredibly strong sativa from Colorado was bred from the famed kush strain OG Kush and Strawberry Diesel. With monster dank, dense, and potent cannabis buds tested at 28.35% THC, Bruce Banner packs a comically hard punch. While several Bruce Banner expressions exist, BB #3 is the prominent version seen today. An easy strain to grow both indoors and outdoors, the plants are sturdy, bushy, responsive, and resilient. Its buds smell and taste like sweet gasoline. Bruce Banner cannabis delivers a powerful, heady sativa high with functioning body stone.
Flowering Time 8–9 weeks
Brand ILGM
Pack Size 5/10/20 seeds
Yield 14–19 oz/plant
Buy Bruce Banner Sativa Seeds????
VIEW FEMINIZED ►
Golden Tiger
Golden Tiger, extremely potent sativa marijuana strain
Overview: Golden Tiger is an extremely potent and resinous sativa strain bred from Malawi and Thai cannabis genetics. This 100% sativa hybrid features overpowering strength with rich terpene profiles and very high-THC content close to 30%. Golden Tiger seeds become vigorous sativa plants that grow big and show excellent resistance to Botrytis mold and pests. Its flowers overflow, forming clusters of dense buds with few leaves and citrus-like aromas. The trichomes are large, plentiful, and loaded with powerful cannabinoids. Golden Tiger cannabis provides long-lasting, psychedelic effects.
Flowering Time 11–14 weeks
Brand Ace Seeds
Pack Size 1/3/5/10 seeds
Yield High
Buy Golden Tiger Sativa Seeds????
VIEW REGULAR ►
VIEW FEMINIZED ►
Purple Ghost Candy
Purple Ghost Candy, strong exotic sativa strain
Overview: Purple Ghost Candy is a sativa-dominant exotic weed strain made by crossing Ghost OG to Candyland Purple. Its flowers display an explosion of colors, complete with golden resin crystals. Purple Ghost Candy feminized seeds grow into large and sturdy plants with aggressive branching and high potential yields. They are easily cared for indoors and outdoors, although some height restricting techniques may be required indoors. Its highly resinous buds have tantalizing terpene profiles with fuel-like aromas and flavors typical of OG strains. The effects of Purple Ghost Candy are balanced between cerebral and physical. THC production is very high at 27.54%.
Flowering Time 10–12 weeks
Brand Seedsman
Pack Size 1/3/5/10 seeds
Yield 500–600 g/m2
Buy Purple Ghost Candy Sativa Seeds????
VIEW FEMINIZED ►
Mimosa
Mimosa, new potent sativa cannabis strain seeds
Overview: Mimosa, aka Purple Mimosa, is an in-demand sativa-dominant marijuana strain made by crossbreeding Purple Punch and Clementine. It has a mouth-watering citrus fragrance, hence the name. Mimosa feminized seeds become medium-sized plants perfectly suited to indoor and outdoor growing. For best yields indoors, growers are recommended to use the SCR.
This document discusses medical marijuana delivery in San Francisco, describing hash and edibles made from cannabis resin and leaves. It outlines the health benefits of marijuana for treating conditions like glaucoma, muscle spasms, arthritis, and appetite loss. The document also explains that hybrid marijuana strains in San Francisco combine characteristics of indica and sativa plants, which differ in growth structure. It notes that cannabis clubs in San Francisco, like herbalmission.org, provide affordable marijuana products.
Growing cannabis from auto flowering seeds is a natural process. During the flowering stage, plants need 12 hours of light followed by 12 hours of darkness. CO2 can increase plant growth and yields by up to 20% when used indoors. Auto flowering plants can be grown indoors with less than 20 hours of daylight and are harvested around 75 days from seed. Cannabis removed from a cultivator's premises is presumed to be sold and subject to cultivation duties. Different light cycles can be used to produce more male or female cannabis crops from seeds. Autoflowering strains will flower irrespective of light cycles once a certain age and size is reached.
Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants that includes three main species: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. The two main psychoactive substances in cannabis are THC and CBD. Cannabis has a long history of medicinal and recreational use dating back over 11,000 years. It is cultivated for its fiber, seeds, and psychoactive properties. While cannabis has medical uses, recreational use can have negative health effects both short and long term. Hemp is a variety of cannabis with low THC content that has many industrial uses such as textiles, paper, and biofuel.
Cannabis is a plant that produces psychoactive and physiological effects when consumed. It has a long history of medicinal, recreational, and industrial use. Cannabis produces THC, which is responsible for its intoxicating effects. While it is the most widely used illegal psychoactive substance, it also has therapeutic benefits for conditions like nausea, vomiting, glaucoma and more. It can be consumed in various forms like dried flowers/leaves, hashish, hash oil, and more.
This document provides a summary of a user guide about CBD (cannabidiol). It begins with an introduction to CBD and the endocannabinoid system. The summary then discusses the history of hemp cultivation dating back thousands of years, how CBD products are made through extraction and processing, potential side effects of CBD which studies have shown to be mild, and ends by noting the discovery of the endocannabinoid system through research originally intended to prove harms of marijuana.
Cannabis sativa SlideShare pdf
Cannabis sativa slideshow pdf
Ganja pdf
Hemp pdf
Marijuana pdf
Pharmacological action of cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa nomenclature,habitat,cultivation collection,adulteration,formulation,pharmacological uses, action, traditional uses, legalization in Nepal, future aspect
Cannabis sativa ppt for pharmacy, TU,PU,PoU,KU
Ganja description
Cannabis ppt
Cannabis recreational use
Cannabis development of drugs
Cannabinoids
THC
CBN
CBD
Chemical constituents of cannabis sativa l.
Phytoconstituents of cannabis
Industrial Hemp or Medicinal Cannabis Plants - Does the Source of Your CBD Ma...Evergreen Buzz
Does it matter where your CBD comes from, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/does-it-matter-if-your-cbd-comes-from-industrial-hemp-or-medicinal-cannabis-plants
The radish (Raphanus sativus) is an edible root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family that was domesticated in Europe in pre-Roman times. They are grown and consumed throughout the world. Radishes have numerous varieties, varying in size, color and duration of required cultivation time. There are some radishes that are grown for their seeds; oilseed radishes are grown, as the name implies, for oil production.
This document provides an overview of CBD (cannabidiol) and its history. It discusses what CBD is, its effects compared to THC, the difference between hemp and cannabis, the long history of cannabis use for medical purposes, and the relatively recent discovery of the human endocannabinoid system which interacts with cannabinoids.
The document discusses how medical marijuana is used in San Francisco to treat various ailments. It can be obtained from medical marijuana dispensaries in the Bay Area that provide qualifying patients with cannabis products like strains, clones, concentrates, topicals and edibles. Research has shown marijuana can help reduce neuropathic pain and improve appetite for patients suffering from conditions like multiple sclerosis.
Edibles are foods infused with marijuana that provide an alternative way for medical marijuana patients to consume cannabis. They take longer than smoking to feel the effects but can last longer. Patients should start with low doses of edibles and be aware of how their body reacts as the full effects may not be felt for hours.
This document discusses marijuana, describing it as dried parts of the cannabis plant containing THC and other chemical components. It notes the three main strains of marijuana - Indica, Sativa, and hybrids - which can be used to treat conditions like nausea, pain, insomnia and anxiety. The document also states that marijuana is commonly used by smoking, drinking, ingesting or eating it.
Cannabinoids, being a set of terpenophenolic compound present in cannabis, it refers to a group of substances that are structurally concerned to tetrahydrocannabinol.
The role of Medical cannabis in curing aids is enormous and it can reduce the nausea, loss of appetite, and vomiting. Coming to glaucoma it relieves the internal pressure and relieves the pain slowly or even stopping its entire form.
Overview Bruce Banner is an award-winning sativa-dominant hybrid th.docxLacieKlineeb
Overview: Bruce Banner is an award-winning sativa-dominant hybrid that’s one of the most popular cannabis strains sold at dispensaries in America. This incredibly strong sativa from Colorado was bred from the famed kush strain OG Kush and Strawberry Diesel. With monster dank, dense, and potent cannabis buds tested at 28.35% THC, Bruce Banner packs a comically hard punch. While several Bruce Banner expressions exist, BB #3 is the prominent version seen today. An easy strain to grow both indoors and outdoors, the plants are sturdy, bushy, responsive, and resilient. Its buds smell and taste like sweet gasoline. Bruce Banner cannabis delivers a powerful, heady sativa high with functioning body stone.
Flowering Time 8–9 weeks
Brand ILGM
Pack Size 5/10/20 seeds
Yield 14–19 oz/plant
Buy Bruce Banner Sativa Seeds????
VIEW FEMINIZED ►
Golden Tiger
Golden Tiger, extremely potent sativa marijuana strain
Overview: Golden Tiger is an extremely potent and resinous sativa strain bred from Malawi and Thai cannabis genetics. This 100% sativa hybrid features overpowering strength with rich terpene profiles and very high-THC content close to 30%. Golden Tiger seeds become vigorous sativa plants that grow big and show excellent resistance to Botrytis mold and pests. Its flowers overflow, forming clusters of dense buds with few leaves and citrus-like aromas. The trichomes are large, plentiful, and loaded with powerful cannabinoids. Golden Tiger cannabis provides long-lasting, psychedelic effects.
Flowering Time 11–14 weeks
Brand Ace Seeds
Pack Size 1/3/5/10 seeds
Yield High
Buy Golden Tiger Sativa Seeds????
VIEW REGULAR ►
VIEW FEMINIZED ►
Purple Ghost Candy
Purple Ghost Candy, strong exotic sativa strain
Overview: Purple Ghost Candy is a sativa-dominant exotic weed strain made by crossing Ghost OG to Candyland Purple. Its flowers display an explosion of colors, complete with golden resin crystals. Purple Ghost Candy feminized seeds grow into large and sturdy plants with aggressive branching and high potential yields. They are easily cared for indoors and outdoors, although some height restricting techniques may be required indoors. Its highly resinous buds have tantalizing terpene profiles with fuel-like aromas and flavors typical of OG strains. The effects of Purple Ghost Candy are balanced between cerebral and physical. THC production is very high at 27.54%.
Flowering Time 10–12 weeks
Brand Seedsman
Pack Size 1/3/5/10 seeds
Yield 500–600 g/m2
Buy Purple Ghost Candy Sativa Seeds????
VIEW FEMINIZED ►
Mimosa
Mimosa, new potent sativa cannabis strain seeds
Overview: Mimosa, aka Purple Mimosa, is an in-demand sativa-dominant marijuana strain made by crossbreeding Purple Punch and Clementine. It has a mouth-watering citrus fragrance, hence the name. Mimosa feminized seeds become medium-sized plants perfectly suited to indoor and outdoor growing. For best yields indoors, growers are recommended to use the SCR.
This document discusses medical marijuana delivery in San Francisco, describing hash and edibles made from cannabis resin and leaves. It outlines the health benefits of marijuana for treating conditions like glaucoma, muscle spasms, arthritis, and appetite loss. The document also explains that hybrid marijuana strains in San Francisco combine characteristics of indica and sativa plants, which differ in growth structure. It notes that cannabis clubs in San Francisco, like herbalmission.org, provide affordable marijuana products.
Growing cannabis from auto flowering seeds is a natural process. During the flowering stage, plants need 12 hours of light followed by 12 hours of darkness. CO2 can increase plant growth and yields by up to 20% when used indoors. Auto flowering plants can be grown indoors with less than 20 hours of daylight and are harvested around 75 days from seed. Cannabis removed from a cultivator's premises is presumed to be sold and subject to cultivation duties. Different light cycles can be used to produce more male or female cannabis crops from seeds. Autoflowering strains will flower irrespective of light cycles once a certain age and size is reached.
Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants that includes three main species: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. The two main psychoactive substances in cannabis are THC and CBD. Cannabis has a long history of medicinal and recreational use dating back over 11,000 years. It is cultivated for its fiber, seeds, and psychoactive properties. While cannabis has medical uses, recreational use can have negative health effects both short and long term. Hemp is a variety of cannabis with low THC content that has many industrial uses such as textiles, paper, and biofuel.
Cannabis is a plant that produces psychoactive and physiological effects when consumed. It has a long history of medicinal, recreational, and industrial use. Cannabis produces THC, which is responsible for its intoxicating effects. While it is the most widely used illegal psychoactive substance, it also has therapeutic benefits for conditions like nausea, vomiting, glaucoma and more. It can be consumed in various forms like dried flowers/leaves, hashish, hash oil, and more.
This document provides a summary of a user guide about CBD (cannabidiol). It begins with an introduction to CBD and the endocannabinoid system. The summary then discusses the history of hemp cultivation dating back thousands of years, how CBD products are made through extraction and processing, potential side effects of CBD which studies have shown to be mild, and ends by noting the discovery of the endocannabinoid system through research originally intended to prove harms of marijuana.
Cannabis sativa SlideShare pdf
Cannabis sativa slideshow pdf
Ganja pdf
Hemp pdf
Marijuana pdf
Pharmacological action of cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa nomenclature,habitat,cultivation collection,adulteration,formulation,pharmacological uses, action, traditional uses, legalization in Nepal, future aspect
Cannabis sativa ppt for pharmacy, TU,PU,PoU,KU
Ganja description
Cannabis ppt
Cannabis recreational use
Cannabis development of drugs
Cannabinoids
THC
CBN
CBD
Chemical constituents of cannabis sativa l.
Phytoconstituents of cannabis
Industrial Hemp or Medicinal Cannabis Plants - Does the Source of Your CBD Ma...Evergreen Buzz
Does it matter where your CBD comes from, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/does-it-matter-if-your-cbd-comes-from-industrial-hemp-or-medicinal-cannabis-plants
The radish (Raphanus sativus) is an edible root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family that was domesticated in Europe in pre-Roman times. They are grown and consumed throughout the world. Radishes have numerous varieties, varying in size, color and duration of required cultivation time. There are some radishes that are grown for their seeds; oilseed radishes are grown, as the name implies, for oil production.
This document provides an overview of CBD (cannabidiol) and its history. It discusses what CBD is, its effects compared to THC, the difference between hemp and cannabis, the long history of cannabis use for medical purposes, and the relatively recent discovery of the human endocannabinoid system which interacts with cannabinoids.
The document discusses how medical marijuana is used in San Francisco to treat various ailments. It can be obtained from medical marijuana dispensaries in the Bay Area that provide qualifying patients with cannabis products like strains, clones, concentrates, topicals and edibles. Research has shown marijuana can help reduce neuropathic pain and improve appetite for patients suffering from conditions like multiple sclerosis.
Edibles are foods infused with marijuana that provide an alternative way for medical marijuana patients to consume cannabis. They take longer than smoking to feel the effects but can last longer. Patients should start with low doses of edibles and be aware of how their body reacts as the full effects may not be felt for hours.
This document discusses marijuana, describing it as dried parts of the cannabis plant containing THC and other chemical components. It notes the three main strains of marijuana - Indica, Sativa, and hybrids - which can be used to treat conditions like nausea, pain, insomnia and anxiety. The document also states that marijuana is commonly used by smoking, drinking, ingesting or eating it.
Cannabinoids, being a set of terpenophenolic compound present in cannabis, it refers to a group of substances that are structurally concerned to tetrahydrocannabinol.
The role of Medical cannabis in curing aids is enormous and it can reduce the nausea, loss of appetite, and vomiting. Coming to glaucoma it relieves the internal pressure and relieves the pain slowly or even stopping its entire form.
Cannabinoids, being a set of terpenophenolic compound present in marijuana, it refers to a group of substances that are structurally concerned to tetrahydrocannabinol.
Laughter increases flow and the oxygenation of the blood. The act of laughing relaxes muscles and relieves anxiety. Marijuana is a best stress free herbal therapy for all kind of people.
http://www.herbalmission.org/medical-marijuana-day-in-san-francisco.php
In San Francisco California Pacific Medical Center two medical researchers has establish that a compound resulting from hash could stop metastasis in most of the kinds of deadly cancer, potentially varying the casualty of the disease forever.
http://www.herbalmission.org/medical-marijuana-uses-benefits.php
Marijuana is a green or gray mixture of dried shredded flowers, seeds, stems and leaves of the cannabis plant. Chemical components like THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), hashish, hash oil and Sinsemilla are present in marijuana.
Legalizing marijuana has several potential benefits. Proponents argue that legalization could reduce criminal penalties, generate tax revenue from legal sales, and allow for medical research on marijuana's health effects. However, others have concerns about potential public health and safety issues if legalized.
Marijuana plant has been used since ancient times for both herbal medication and intoxication. It has been proven to be effective for a comprehensive variety of symptoms and circumstances.
http://www.herbalmission.org/
This document provides information about medical marijuana dispensaries in San Francisco. It discusses the need for legalization of medical marijuana, lists states that have legalized it, and outlines how San Francisco legalized it through voter approval of Proposition 215 in 1996. It also mentions that cannabis clubs/dispensaries provide medical cannabis to patients with doctor approval, and gives statistics about medical marijuana.
Debilitating migraine headaches are also effectively controlled by marijuana in many reported cases. Some migraine sufferers use cannabis at the onset of a migraine attack to relieve the severe pain.
The document compares medical marijuana and alcohol, noting that alcohol can result in overdose deaths but there have been no documented marijuana overdose deaths. It outlines some of the differences between the effects of alcohol and marijuana, such as alcohol being linked to cancer and being more addictive than marijuana. The document argues for the legalization of marijuana by comparing marijuana users to alcohol users and stating that marijuana can cure cancer.
The legality of cannabis concerns laws which in most countries regulate the, use, possession, cultivation, transfer, and trade in Cannabis.
For more info: http://www.herbalmission.org/
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.Gokuldas Hospital
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principlesanaghabharat01
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
1. For More Info: San
Francisco Medical
Marijuana Dispensary
2.
3. • Marijuana is a green or gray mixture
of dried shredded flowers, seeds, stems
and leaves of the cannabis plant.
Chemical components like THC (delta-
9-tetrahydrocannabinol), hashish, hash
oil and Sinsemilla are present in
marijuana. There are more than 500
components present in the cannabis
plant and THC is the most important
component. Some of the other
components include Cannabinol, THCV
and cannabidiol.
4. • Cannabis is the botanic name for
the hemp plant cannabis sativa. It
is the name for marijuana. From the
notched leaves of the cannabis plant
marijuana is obtained. Cannabis
will make either a large quantity of
resin or a large quantity of
fibers.THC is the most important
chemical component present in this
cannabis plant.
5.
6. • Indica are generally more stout (2-4
feet tall) with a lower yield (1.5-2.5
oz). But unlike their cousin Sativa,
Indica plants will produce much
higher quality bud (18+ % THC
content compared to their cousins
who generally stay around 12-16%).
Indica plants will also give you a
couch-lock [body] high, where it is not
best to be smoked before social events.
A lot of popular flavored bud is
Indica. Great for pain and nausea.
7. • Sativa plants are generally taller than
Indica's (ranging from 4-12 feet
outside) and have bigger yields
compared to Indica plants (3.5+ oz per
plant outside). Although the plant
will produce more bud, the bud is
generally not as high quality compared
to Indica plants. Sativa cannabis will
form a head high, for more social events
(common among celebrities, especially
musicians).
8. • Cannabis ruderalis is sister of
Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica.
Cannabis ruderalis is a relatively
unknown variety of cannabis, which
naturally occurs in the mountains of
the Caucasus to Mongolia and China.
It is likely that the Cannabis ruderalis
originates in the south-east of Russia,
after which it has quickly spread in
the wild.
9.
10. For More Info: San
Francisco Medical
Marijuana Dispensary